Dublin Core
Title
Report of the Board of Trustees of the Northern Michigan Asylum at Traverse City June 30, 1908.
Subject
Asylums--Michigan--Traverse City--History.
Psychiatric hospitals.
Description
Report of the Board of Trustees of the Northern Michigan Asylum for the biennial period ending June 30, 1908. This report includes the reports of the medical superintendent, treasurer and steward.
Creator
Board of Trustees of the Northern Michigan Asylum at Traverse City.
Source
Original document held by Traverse Area District Library.
Publisher
Lansing: Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford Company, State Printers.
Date
30 June 1908
Contributor
State of Michigan.
Rights
This document is in the public domain.
Relation
See other reports from the Board of Trustees in the "Traverse City State Hospital" Digital Collection.
Format
PDF.
Language
English.
Type
Document.
Identifier
TCSH0012
Coverage
Traverse City, Grand Traverse County, Michigan.
PDF Text
Text
REPORT
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
TRAVERSE CITY
JUNE 30, 1908
BY AUTHORITY.
LANSING, MICHIGAN
WYNKOOP HALLENBECK CRAWFORD COMPANY, STATE PRINTERS
1908
OFFICERS OF THE NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
TRUSTEES.
THOS. T. BATES
H. C. DAVIS
W. W. MITCHELL
A. F. TEMPLE
M. F. QUAINTANCE
W. LLOYD
TRAVERSE CITY
TRAVERSE CITY
CADILLAC
MUSKEGON
PETOSKEY
MANISTEE
RESIDENT OFFICERS.
JAMES D. .MUNSON, M. D
A. S. ROWLEY, M. D
W. D. MUELLER, M. D
]
BEATRICE STEVENSON, M. D.
}•
H. D. PURDUM, M. D
R. E. WELLS, M. D
MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENT
ASST. MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENT
ASST. PHYSICIANS
NON-RESIDENT OFFICERS.
C. L. WHITNEY
'.
W. P. MANTON, M. D
STEWARD
DETROIT, MICH., GYNECOLOGIST
CHAPLAIN.
REV. D. COCHLIN
,
TRAVERSE CITY
TREASURER.
SAMUEL GARLAND..
.TRAVERSE CITY
OFFICERS OF THE NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM FROM ITS
ORGANIZATION IN 1881.
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS APPOINTED TO SELECT SITE FOR THE
MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
Date of appointment.
Retired.
Work of board completed Sept 30 1882
1881
1881
1881
M.H.Butler
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
Detroit.
APPOINTED TO ERECT THE- NORTHERN
ASYLUM.
Name.
Date of appointment.
1881
1881
1881
1881
1885
Residence.
Name.
NORTHERN
Residence.
MICHIGAN
Retired.
1885.
M H Butler
H. H. Rilev
Thos.T. Bates
St. Joseph.
Traverse City
Vice Perry Hannah.
The work of the building commission was finished Nov. 10, 1886.
MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
Date of
appointment.
Name.
Term
expires.
President
from to
Traverse City
Detroit
Three Rivers
Traverse City
Elk Rapids.
1887
1887
1889
1913
1897
1885 to 1886.
1891
1893 •
1899
1897 to 1899.
1891
1895
Residence.
1885
1885
1885
1885
1885
C. M. Wells
1885
1887
1887
1889
1891
Geo. A. Fair
Varnum B. Cochran
C.L.Whitney
Muskegon
1891...
1889
1895
1897
1897
H.C.Davis
G A Hart
Traverse City
1889
1901
1901
1902
H. D.Campbell
W.W.Mitchell
H D Birgham . .
D. B. Butler
Traverse City
Cadillac
1901
1910
1901
1903
1901
1903
1905
1907
G. A. Hart
A. F. Temple
M F Quaintance
William Lloyd
Manistee
Muskegon
Petoskev
Manistee
1907
1908
1911
1913
,1 W. French
Thos. T. Bates
H.H. Noble
Cadillac
C F Backus . . .
1908
1897
1901
1901
1905
1885 to 1892.
1892 to 1897.
1899 to 1902.
Remarks.
Present member.
Deceased.
Resigned.
Present member.
Resigned.
Resigned.
Ad. interim appt.
Present member.
Resigned.
1902 to 1907.
Present member.
Present member.
Present member.
Medical Superintendent :
James D. Munson, M. D., 1885.
Assistant Medical Superintendents:
J. H. Dawson, M. D.—1885 to 1890. Resigned.
C. G. Chaddock, M. D.—1890 to 1892. Resigned.
A. S. Rowley, M. D.—1895
.
Assistant Physicians:
C. G. Chaddock, M. D.—1885 to 1890. Promoted to Assistant Superintendency.
W. M. Stone, M. D.—1886 to 1891. Resigned to accept the Assistant Superintendency of the Michigan Asylum for the Insane.
Henry Hulst, M. D.—1888 to 1889.
I. L. Harlow, M. D.—1889 to 1891.
G. C. Crandall, M. D.—1890 to 1894.
A. S. Rowley, M. D.—1891 to 1895. Promoted to Assistant Superintendency.
M. Rockwell, M. D.—1891 to 1892.
G. G. Speer, M. D.—1892 to 1896.
Robert Howell, M. D.—1893 to 1898.
H. J. Kennedy, M. D.—1894 to 1895.
L. C. Stillings, M. D.—1894 to 1895.
E. L. Niskern, M. D.—1895 to 1898.
G. L. Noyes, M. D.—1895 to 1900.
G. B. Furness, M. D.—1896 to 1897.
F. P. Lawton, M. D—1898 to 1901.
C. A. Good, M. D.—1898 to 1900.
Fonda Nadeau, M. D.—1898 to 1899.
J. F. Canavan, M. D.—1899 to 1907. Died.
D. L. Harris, M. D.—1899 to 1899.
W. D. Mueller, M. D.—1900.
Minta P. Kemp, M. D.—1900 to 1903.
W. J. Kirkbride, M. D—1901 to 1902.
F. H. Newberry, M. D.—1902 to 1904.
Beatrice A. Stevenson, M. D.—1903 •
.
B. F. Sargeant, M. D.—1904 to 1905.
H. D. Purdum, M. D.—1906
.
R. E. Wells, M. D—1907 •
.
TITLE AND ADDRESS.
THE NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
TRAVERSE CITY,
Grand Traverse County, Michigan.
ESTABLISHMENT.
The Northern Michigan Asylum for the Insane was organized in 1881, and
located at Traverse City, Mich. Its first cost was $522,430.68, and its present
value is 1955,221.20. The property consists of 42 buildings, occupying a tract or
land containing 728 acres. It cares for 1,337 patients.
REPOET OF THE BOAED OF TEUSTEES.
To the Governor and Legislature of the State of Michigan:
The trustees of the Northern Michigan Asylum have the honor to
siibmit their report for the biennial period ending June 30, 1908, together with the reports of the medical superintendent, treasurer and
steward.
The board held twenty-three regular meetings during the period.
The last year required most careful attention, owing to the high prices
of supplies which prevailed and the low per diem rate which was charged
for the maintenance of patients. Although the net cost of maintenance exceeded the 48 cents per day allowed for each patient, yet no
deficiency appropriation will be required, since the working capital of
the institution has been sufficient to take care of the loss. The increased cost in maintenance, besides the higher prices paid for supplies,
was due to the greater amounts spent in repairs, or the up keep of the
asylum during the period. Greater attention than ever was given to
the purchase of foods and to their economic preparation, and the standard of living was not lowered.
As required by law, a committee of trustees has regularly inspected
the asylum each month, and a written report of its findings and recommendations is submitted to the board at each regular meeting.
We have only words of commendation for the officers and employes
who have so faithfully and efficiently carried out the work of the asylum. We would especially commend the newer and better clinical
methods, since we believe they have made the medical treatment more
comprehensive and brought about an increased number of cures. The
examination of patients is thorough, is oftentimes of extreme value to the
patient and always of scientific interest.
A training school was established two years ago and the first class
of twenty-four was graduated in June, 1908. This measure marks another step forward in the care of the insane. As in the medical care
so with the nursing of insane minds, the modern spirit demands the
best trained doctors and nurses to care and direct the insane.
Another step forward in the interest of economy as well as the greater
welfare of patients is promised in the greater attention to dietetics.
This insures better preparation of food, greater economy in food supplies, a greater variety of foods, and trains or educates the nurses as
well as willing workers in the art of dietetic science. The advantages
of this department are manifested by greater contentment among patients
and enthusiasm on the part of employes. It fosters more faithful per-
8
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
vice and greater efficiency in the performance of lionseliold duties as well
as in the duties of the sick-room.
The period just closed will mark the transition from the asylum, with
its conservatism, routinism and unscientific methods, to the hospital in
the widest sense of the word, where.every patient is studied and brought
in the closest observation of trained doctors and nurses. Everyone
who has watched the trend of the care of the insane in Michigan knows
that with the advent of the Psychopathic Ward at Ann Arbor, the study
and treatment of mental diseases has rapidly advanced. A mental
clinic is held nearly every morning, at which every new case is presented,
and at which all forms of diseased conditions are presented and discussed.
This has been of value to patients, and stimulating to greater efforts
on the part of the staff and brings the doctors, nurses and patients
in that relationship which is of the highest interest and value to all.
We have watched the scientific growth of the work and believe that more
patients are improved and cured than ever before; that mental diseases
are better understood, and that the atmosphere of the institution is
one of activity and interest and that all that pertains to the welfare
of its people.
We are glad to report that the hospital was free from epidemic diseases during the period and that no violent deaths from homicide or
suicide occurred.
One patient was transferred to the State Hospital at Ionia, by direction of the Governor, and one patient was transferred to the Eastern
Michigan Asylum at Pontiac, and one patient was deported to his home
in Europe, by authority of the United States government.
The institution has been able to care for all patients within its
boundaries. As a rule commitments have been prompt, and as a result
the recovery rate has been greater than ever before. There were eleven
less women patients in the institution on June 30, 1908, than there were
June 30, 1906, and the gain in male patients during the same time
was forty.
We regret to report that the department for men is overcrowded; but
are pleased to say that the hospital will be able to receive all patients
until the new wing, which is under construction, is completed.
The number of patients treated during the period was: Men, 290;
women, 215; total, 505. There were thirty-six less admissions than during the preceding two years.
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
The several counties committed patients as follows:
7
Alpena
Antrim
13
7
Arenac .
4
Alcona
Beuzie .
10
0
Bay .
oo
Charlevoix
4
Clare
3
Crawford
Clieboygau
. . . . 17
21
Emmet
2
Genesee
-1
Gladwin
46
Grand Traverse
Gratiot
. . . 35
Isabella . .
. . .
12
7
Tosco
29
Ionia . . . .
...
0
•Ta ckson
3
Kalkaska
1
Kent
. . .
Lake
.... 5
Leelanau
. . . 13
No legal settlement
State .
Manistee
Mason
Mecosta .
Midland • • •
Missaukee
Montcalm
Moutmorencv
Muskegon
Newavgo
Ottawa
Oceana
Ogeinaw
Osceola
Otsego
Oscoda
Presque Isle .
Roscommon
Shiawassee
Saginaw . . .
St. Glair
Wexford . .
Wayne
....
28
16
24
8
9
26
1
41
14
0
17
£i
16
6
0
4
1
0
o
0
2.°,
1
1
0
Of the 505 patients admitted:
25 had been confined in county-houses.
30 had been confined in jails.
10 had been treated in other asylums.
60 were said to have been destructive.
20 had attempted or threatened suicide.
15 were homicidal or had threatened homicidal assaults.
23 had been confined or restrained at home.
The number of patients confined in county-houses, jails and other
asylums exceeded the last biennial period by 17, the number of suicidal
cases was less by 15, and the number of homicidal cases was greater by
6. Since June 30, 1892. these statistics have been regularly kept, and
show out of a total of 3,211 admissions:
119
364
221
392
300
460
352
( 3.7%)
(11.3%)
( 6.8%)
(12.2%)
( 9.3%)
(14.2%)
(10.9%)
were confined in county-houses.
had been confined in jails.
had been treated in other asylums.
were destructive.
were suicidal.
were homicidal.
required some sort of restraint at home.
These statistics may be without practical value, but are sufficiently
10
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
extensive to establish the averages to be anticipated for the conditions
stated in the insane of this district at least.
COST OF MAINTENANCE.
The daily cost of maintenance per patient for the last 23 years has
been as follows:
Cents.
1886
53
1887
52
1888
51
1889
50
1890
49
1891
49
1892
48
1893
48
1894
48
1895
47
1896
46
1897
44
1898
42
1899
44
1900
44
1901
,
44
1902
44
1903 (The above exclusive of officers' salaries).... 44
1904 (Inclusive of officers' salaries)
48
1905 (Inclusive of officers' salaries)
49
1906 (Inclusive of officers' salaries)
48
1907 (Inclusive of officers' salaries)
47
1908 (Inclusive of officers' salaries)
48
•
INCREASE OF PATIENTS.
The average yearly net increase of patients for a period of 20% years
has been 45.1. The net increase of patients for the district for the
period ending June 30, 1908, was 40.
There were 476 patients discharged during the period, 250 men and
226 women. Of this number 95 were discharged recovered, 106 improved, 51 unimproved, and 224 died. The percentage of recoveries on
the whole number under treatment was 5.2 per cent; on the number
admitted 18.8 per cent.
The death rate 77 per thousand 1906-07, and in 1907-08, 66 per thousand.
The readmissions for the period were, men, 41; women, 28; total, 69.
The readmissions from the beginning have been, men, 237; women, 211;
total, 448,—hence the total number of admissions, 4,695, represents
4,247 individuals.
The daily average number of patients for the period was 1,314. The
number of weeks spent in the institution by patients was 136,656.
This was an increase of 77 in the daily average, and an increase of
7,607 weeks' board over the preceding period.
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
11
On June 30, 1908, there were 1,328 patients under treatment at State
expense and 25 at private expense.
There were 267 persons employed at the asylum on June 30, 1908, in
the positions and at the wages given in the schedule accompanying this
report.
ORDINARY REPAIRS AND IMPROVEMENTS.
During the period many necessary and important improvements were
made. The cost of repairs for the vear ending June 30, 1907, was
120,511.69, and for the year ending June 30, 1908, $30,653.03. The
expenditures exceeded the preceding period by $20,632.97. The greater
part of this excess was due to repairs and additions in the boiler room
and heating appliances. The heating plant is antiquated and practically
worn out.
When the placing of the boiler, for which an appropriation was available, had to be determined it was found that to locate it in line with
the other boilers would not only use up much of the room used for storage of fuel, but would also make the conveying of coal to it and to the
other boilers awkward and expensive and would also necessitate the
construction of a new breeching to the smoke stack; all of which would
have to be done again in the near future. Before deciding upon the
location of the new boiler it was decided to employ Mr. J. E. Allen,
of the firm of Brush, Allen & Anderson, architects of Detroit, Mich.,
to look over the plant and to recommend to the board the most economical method of locating and setting the boiler and arranging the boiler
room, so that additional boilers could be erected without further expense for space, etc., in the room. Mr. Allen presented plans which incorporated these ideas and which also provided for a mechanical method
of handling fuel. These plans, which after most careful deliberation
were adopted, necessitated the re-setting of the old boilers and changing from an unwieldy, complicated system of heating to a simple, upto-date method. The cost of the changes necessiated in carrying out
these plans was considerable, but in reality the cost was not much
greater than would have been incurred had the new boiler been located
outside the boiler house and a new room built for it and new breeching
to connect it with the smoke stack. In either case the machinery for
conveying coal and ashes would have been imperative unless the cost
of labor for doing this work was no object.
In addition to these"improvements the farm house was enlarged sufficiently to provide accommodations for the teamsters and all help employed in carrying on the farm operations. This improvement was
indispensable from the fact that the help's hall in the administration
building was too small to provide room for the greatly increased number of helpers during the last few years. We can scarcely realize ourselves how rapid has been the growth of the asylum population. This
provision of a separate farm house has proved economical, not only in
cost of maintenance; but in the facilitation of carrying out the farm
work .and team work of the institution. Formerly the men had to
walk from the barns to the administration building for their meals,
a distance of one-half mile, which consumed much time as well as
adding much to the labors of the men.
The greenhouse boiler, which had been used sixteen years, developed
12
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
a leak and when an attempt was made to replace the defective part all
the other sections of the boiler resented the interference and went
to pieces. A new boiler became imperative as the greenhouse contents
were too valuable to be allowed to waste for lack of heat. Consequently
a new boiler was installed in the place of the old one, but the cost,
$560.62, was not allowed in the Auditors Department, and your honorable body should pass an act enabling the institution to pay this money
from its current expense fund.
Owing to the toppling over of the greenhouse chimney during a wind
storm a portion of the middle section of the greenhouse was destroyed and
necessitated quite a large outlay to repair the damage done.
We would also report that as the institution was without storage
room for coal and that during the last few years the fuel was thrown
in heaps about the institution at a great loss from rain and snow and
from increased cost of handling, it was decided to enlarge the old
coal bunker, which held about seven hundred tons, to a capacity of
twenty-five hundred tons. These concrete bunkers, with the exception of
the roof, were built by patient labor, and the roof which is also used for
a driveway, was superintended by Mr. Knapp of the Trussed Concrete
Steel Company of Detroit, Mich.
We would most earnestly invite your honorable body and all persons
interested to inspect these improvements, and ask approval of them.
The ordinary repairs have been very numerous, chief among which
has been the replacing of kitchen and toilet room wood floors, wherever
decayed, by tile floors. The cost of renovation of wards, painting of
woodwork both inside and out, repair of roofs, etc., has been unusually
great, but not greater than is to be expected in so large a plant. ,
SPECIAL APPROPRIATION, 82,000.00.
This appropriation was made by the legislature of 1905, to repair
the reservoir. Several artesian wells have been sunk in connection with
it, and its efficiency has been greatly increased thereby. There still remains in the hands of the treasurer credited to this fund $1,287.22.
This balance will be used in the near future in general repair work
to the reservoir and in connecting it with the fire mains.
,
SPECIAL APPROPRIATION, S2.500.00.
The legislature of 1905 appropriated this sum to improve the fire
protection, to "enlarge and extend the mains and to connect same
with the water mains of Traverse City." The work has been completed
with the exception of connecting the asylum and city mains. The
money originally appropriated was not sufficient to complete the work
and the legislature of 1907 authorized the Auditor General to transfer
the special appropriation of $1,000 for a telephone system, to the fund
for additional fire protection. The work will be completed within the
near future. There still remains in the hands of the treasurer to the
credit of this fund the sum of $1,796.95.
SPECIAL APPROPRIATION, $2,500.00.
This appropriation was passed by the last legislature for additions
to the store. We are glad to report that the additions have been com-
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
13
pleted as contemplated by the act, and within the amount appropriated
for the purpose. The enlargement of the store has greatly increased
its efficiency, and also has lessened the cost of caring for the large
stock of groceries, clothing and general supplies that has to be carried
to meet the needs of the hospital.
SPECIAL APPROPRIATION, $1,200.00.
This sum was appropriated by the last legislature for the removal of
the piggeries to a site just south of the farm barns. The buildings
have been moved and repaired, and within the amount appropriated for
the purpose.
SPECIAL APPROPRIATION, $2,100.00.
This appropriation was granted by the last legislature for the construction of an additional section to the greenhouse. We are glad to
report that the new section has been completed, and within the amount
appropriated. The building is constructed of cement and iron, the
only wood used in its construction being the rafters which support
the glass of the roof. The walls, the supports and the benches are of
concrete, and the building presents an exceedingly attractive appearance. This department is of vast service to the institution as it enables it to have a constant supply of vegetables nearly the year around.
SPECIAL APPROPRIATION, $2,300.00.
This appropriation was passed by the last legislature, to be added
to the sum of |2,500 appropriated by the legislature of 1905, for the
purchase of a water tube boiler and automatic stoker. We would respectfully report that a Stirling boiler of 400 H. P. capacity, and a
Detroit stoker, were purchased at a cost of $5,300. This amount exceeded the appropriation by $500. This additional expense was not
authorized until after the advice of heating experts had been secured.
The board did not deem it wise to install a smaller unit than 400 H.
P.. as the space to be occupied by the boiler was too valuable not to be
used to its full extent. It should be stated that the stoker cost $700
more than was estimated. The boiler and stoker have been in operation
about a year, and have proved so satisfactory that we are assured
that the added expenditure has been more than justified. It cannot
be stated at this time whether the several appropriations will be more
than sufficient to meet all the improvements contemplated by the act,
and that there will not be a surplus left in one or the other of them
sufficient to meet the deficiency in the appropriation for the boiler
and stoker.
SPECIAL APPROPRIATION, $1,200.00,
This appropriation was granted by the last legislature for a new dry
room for the laundry. WTe are glad to say that the apparatus was purchased for the amount named in the appropriation.
SPECIAL APPROPRIATION, $500.00.
This appropriation was passed by the last legislature for the purchase
of books and musical instruments. There has thus far been expended
3
14
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
$175 on account of musical instruments. The balance is in the hands
of the treasurer and will be expended from time to time for additions
to the library.
SPECIAL APPROPRIATION, $6,000.00.
This appropriation was authorized by the last legislature for the
purchase of 60 acres of land adjoining the asylum property. The
land was purchased from the Hannah & Lay Company, and the State
came into possession of it in the spring of 1907. It is a valuable addition to the farm and is well adapted for fruit raising as well as other
general farm purposes.
SPECIAL APPROPRIATION,
$90,000.00.
This appropriation was made by the last legislature for an extension
to the south wing, $45,000, and an extension to the north wing, f45,000.
We would respectfully report that these buildings are in process of
construction. They are planned to be up-to-date hospitals in every
respect, including heat, light, ventilation, special diet kitchens, offices
for doctors and stenographers, hydrotherapeutic rooms, mortuary rooms,
electric elevators, etc. There has been spent on account of extension
to the south wing $4,954.99, and on account of extension to the north
wing $7,266.60. There remains in the hands of the treasurer to the
credit of appropriation for extension to south wing $40,045.01, and to
the credit of extension to north wing $37,733.40.
NEEDS OF THE
ASYLUM.
There are many needed repairs and betterments for the institution
which are imperative and which your honorable body is respectfully
requested to provide for. We would recall to you that the institution
is nearing a quarter century of continuous work and growth, and in
order to keep it in condition almost constant repairs and betterments
are required.
ROOF FOR BOILER ROOM.
The roof over the boiler room is too low, in some places not clearing
the boilers, and dormer windows have been constructed in it to house
the valves of the main steam pipes. The roof is a wooden one and
is a constant menace by fire to the safety of the institution. This roof
should be replaced with an iron one, not only to lessen the danger
from fire, but to increase the usefulness of the plant. In its present
condition it is difficult to get at and in case of accident serious consequences might result. We would respectfully request of your honorable body an appropriation of $2,955.00 for the purpose of replacing
this roof.
CARPENTER AND PAINT SHOP.
Your honorable body is respectfully requested to appropriate the
sum of $5,500 to be used in the construction of a carpenter and paint
shop for the use of the institution. From the beginning of the asylum
the blacksmith shop and the carpenter shop have been associated in small
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
15
rooms connected to the engine and boiler rooms. They are too small for
either purpose. There is loss in time and money and in the waste that
is inseparable from lack of storage room. The carpenter shop is too
small for any amount of modern machinery. There is a small planer in
it, but in order to use it the lumber often has to be passed out through
a window, as there is not sufficient space in the room to handle a
long board. There has never been a proper place to care for lumber,
for carpenter utensils, for paints, oils and glass, for lockers for workmen, for merchandise such as is used in these departments, and no
place in which the blacksmith or engineering departments can store
and properly care for the thousand and one fittings that have to be
carried in stock. It is almost imperative in the interest of economy
and of safety from fire to have a building for a carpenter and paint
shop and a general storeroom for material used in-these departments,
and located at a safe distance from the main building. The present
blacksmith shop and carpenter shop can be converted into a blacksmith
shop and store room for engineering materials.
COLD STORAGE ROOM.
Many years ago a small building was constructed just outside of
the kitchen building for keeping meats, milk, butter, eggs and other
supplies. This building was arranged with ice storage overhead and
cold storage below. It has never been satisfactory and the institution
has never been able to stock, during the low prices of spring and
summer, with butter, eggs aiid other food supplies. Many plans have been
suggested and carried out for improving this store room, but all have
proved failures. We believe that the only remedy is to erect a cold
storage plant, similar to the one at the State Hospital at Ionia, and
other institutions, in which the temperature can be regulated and the
conditions of ventilation controlled, and in which food supplies can be
kept for almost an indefinite period. For this purpose you are respectfully requested to grant an appropriation of $5,500.
EXTENSION TO COTTAGE THIRTY-FOUR.
This cottage was built to accommodate 50 patients, but by enlarging
the dining room and making a few alterations in its general arrangement, 75 patients can be comfortably cared for in it. We would respectfully request an appropriation of $500 to enlarge the dining room
to accommodate 75 people.
HEATING PLANT.
The heating plant exclusive of the boilers is antiquated and mnchof it is beyond repair. The heating and ventilation of the building
are combined, the latter being by the natural method. It has been found
by experience that this is an expensive method of heating as well as
a very uncertain one so far as ventilation is concerned. It probably costs
twice as much to heat the building as it should,- and the ventilation
is imperfect in portions of the building, depending largely on atmospheric conditions. Brush, Allen & Anderson, architects of Detroit,
16
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
Mich., were employed to examine the plant and to prepare plans and
furnish estimates of the cost of re-arranging the heating, ventilating
and hot-water systems of the institution with the most up-to-date systems. The following is their report, which is respectfully submitted:
BRUSH, ALLEN & ANDERSON
ENGINEERS
1330-32 Penobscot Building
DETROIT
August 21, 1908.
Board of Trustees, Traverse City, Michigan:
Gentlemen: We beg herewith to submit our report upon the necessary immediate changes required in the mechanical equipment at your
institution.
The reasons for considering a change of the present heating system
are as follows:
1st. The present system does not adequately heat the buildings, and
provision should be made to take care of this difficulty.
2nd. The present system has exhausted itself in part, and will require constant and excessive repairing annually from now on.
3rd. The present system does not serve as a consistent ventilating
system, and proper ventilation is by no means secured.
4th. The present system is extravagant in the extreme regarding
the expense of operation in comparison with results given.
These conditions are going to require a continual expenditure in
patching up, repairing and making temporary arrangements to give
more adequate results. The ultimate expense of these changes will
become very great year by year. Providing it is possible to make the
investment in an entire new system immediately, the total cost in the
long run will be much less than the running expense of constantly
patching up the old system, especially when considering the benefits of
economy realized providing the system is rectified.
PRESENT HEATING & VENTILATING SYSTEM IN MAIN BUILDING.
The present system consists of indirect radiators located in the basement, these being connected by flues to the various halls. The system
was provided with two long tunnels connecting the basement from
power house at which location a large steam "driven fan was provided,
the fan to deliver fresh air into basement. The use of this fan is entirely impractical and the result has been that it was never used, having been abandoned shortly after the plant was installed. Air is
supposed to enter the basement through open windows or the equivalent,
pass through the indirect radiators where it is heated and after being
heated rises through flues into the building where it is supposed to
provide ventilation and warm the building by means of its excess
heat. This means that the ventilation of the rooms is dependent upon
the amount of heating required, that is, on cold days an excessive
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
17
amount of air would be necessary to heat the rooms, while on moderate
days the same amount of air would overheat them, consequently, as
less heat is demanded the ventilation must be proportionately reduced.
As applied to modern practice, this principle is obviously incorrect,
as the ventilation should be constant and provide fresh air irrespective
of the degree of heating required.
All power for circulating air for ventilating purposes must be derived from the tendency of heated air to rise in the flues after passing
the radiators. This force is entirely inadequate to circulate sufficient
air for ventilation. On account of the failure of the fan system and
its inability to properly supply the basement, instead of drawing fresh
air from the basement proper, the flues tend to draw air down the
shorter flues and up the long ones; this simply passes the foul air
of one room into another room which is a decidedly objectionable feature,
for instance, air from the tuberculosis section may be distributed
through a large part of the building. In addition, we find the radiation
provided is inadequate to heat, and even meagerly ventilate the building which would account for your statement that it is necessary for
the patients to resort to overcoats in cold weather.
The present system has been in constant operation for twenty-four
years, and through corrosion the piping is constantly leaking and giving out. This renders the system so unreliable as to put it in danger
of becoming inoperative Avhen required. A large part of the system
would have to be replaced immediately to make it reliable. Under these
conditions the system is extravagant in its operation and a large amount
of energy is being wasted in obtaining the inadequate result this system is now giving.
After due consideration of these difficulties, we are satisfied that
proper results can be secured only by abandoning the principle of the
present system and installing apparatus capable of giving proper results. Also, in view of the extensive repairs required immediately, it
would be more advisable to make this change now.
PRINCIPLE OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM.
We would recommend that the heating and ventilating systems be.
entirely separated so that proper heating could be supplied depending
upon the demands of the weather and proper ventilation afforded at
all times irrespective of the operation of the heating system. With
such a system the best results would be secured with the greatest
possible economy.
PROPOSED HEATING SYSTEM.
We would recommend a heating system consisting of radiators located
so as to maintain proper temperatures in all of the various rooms and
for economy these radiators should be equipped with a vacuum system
and automatic temperature regulation. The cost of installing this
system complete will be $36,960.
PROPOSED VENTILATING SYSTEM.
We would recommend a ventilating system operated by motor driven
fans which would be capable of giving the guaranteed air supply to
18
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
each and every room under all conditions of weather. This air supply
would be at the same temperature as the rooms so that the ventilating
system could be operated according to requirements for ventilation and
entirely independent of the heating. The cost of installing this system
would'be 126.250.
HOT WATER SYSTEM.
The apparatus for heating water for domestic purposes has not been
increased to meet the growth of the institution and is too small to
meet the present condition. The present apparatus does not remove
the objectionable scale forming substances from the water, which substance accumulate in the pipes and obstruct the same and they have
to be frequently replaced. A proper apparatus would precipitate these
solids where they could be easily removed before entering the pipes.
We would recommend the installing of a heater and purifier with
circulating pumps which would cost complete f 5,200.
BOILER PEED PUMPS.
At present you are supplied with but one boiler feed pump. A duplicate pump should be installed in order to guarantee a continuous service, and permit the repairing of the present pump when necessary. We
would recommend the installing of this pump at a cost complete of
$630.
Respectfully submitted,
'BRUSH, ALLEN & ANDERSON.
Per Fredk. F. Brush, H. C. Anderson.
We would respectfully call your attention to this report, and would
request your honorable body to make an appropriation of f 69,040 to
meet the expenses of the betterments specified by the architects.
CARRIAGE BARN.
We would renew our request for a carriage barn for the use of the
institution. The barn in use is imperfectly constructed, is much out
of repair and does not meet the needs of the institution. The carriage
horses are stabled in this building, the horses are coming and goingall times of day and night, in all kinds of weather. The institution
should provide a barn, properly warmed, to care for the coachmen,
the horses, the carriages, sleighs and other utensils in a proper manner. An appropriation of $5,000 is respectfully asked for this purpose.
FENCING.
The fence along the west side of Elmwood avenue and on the west
side of Division street and on both sides of the avenue leading from
Division street to Elmwood avenue, will need to be rebuilt. The present fence was built nearly twenty years ago; the posts are rotted
and many of the fence boards are worthless. We would recommend
that a wire fence Avith cast posts be used to replace it, and would
respectfully ask the sum of $3,000 for the construction of one mile
of fence with gates, etc.
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
19
/
ARTESIAN WELLS.
Your honorable body is respectfully requested to appropriate the
sum of $1,000 to sink artesian wells to increase the domestic water
supply of the institution. The institution is outgrowing its supply
of water and it is of great economic importance that an additional
artesian supply be secured, if possible.
EE-EOOFING OF COTTAGES TWENTY-EIGHT AND THIETY-TWO.
The roofs on these buildings were laid with shingles and have been
in service respectively since 1887 and 1889. They are in bad condition
and will have to be re-covered. It is proposed to replace them with slate,
and we would respectfully ask for this purpose an appropriation of
$2,100.
EXTENSION TO LAUNDRY, REPAIE OF LAUNDRY EOOF AND ADDITIONAL LAUNDRY
MACHINERY.
Your honorable body is respectfully asked to appropriate the sum
of $1,025 to build an extension to the laundry, to be vised as a general
repair room, and as an enlargement to the ironing room of that department. A further sum of $1,275 is requested for the purchase of one
washing machine, one extractor and one body ironer. The laundry has
been in use since 1895 and much of the machinery is practically worn
out. We would also request the further appropriation of $500 for
repairing the roof of the laundry building. The present roof is a tin
one and it has rusted through in so many places that it is practically
worthless as a covering for the building.
ENLARGEMENT OF SWITCH BOARD.
The electric switch board is too small, and the sum of $750 is respectfully requested to install an additional panel to the board with
necessary switch to accommodate circuits for new buildings, etc., etc.
If this appropriation is granted the switch board will be of ample size
to carry the institution a number of years.
IMPROVEMENT OF ASYLUM AVENUE.
Your honorable body is requested to appropriate the sum of $7,550
for paving the main driveway of the institution from the administration
building to Division street. It is 1,000 feet in length and should be
paved not less than 30 feet wide. The institution has an elevation of
HO feet above Division street, and as the grade is quite steep it is
difficult to prevent washing and cutting out of the roadway during
heavy rainstorms, and also from cutting or rutting during the heavy
teaming of fall and spring. A bitulithic pavement will cost $2.25 per
square yard, which will make the cost of this improvement $7,550.
The interest on the money at 3 per cent would amount to $226.50, and
doubtless the amount of money spent every year in repairing the driveway much exceeds this sum. It is of the utmost importance to the institution to have a perfect roadway, since all its freight and supplies
20
STATE OP MICHIGAN.
have to be teamed from the city, the State never having provided a
railway side track for it. It is especially hard on teams during the
rainy season to pull heavy loads through the mud and slush of:' the
dirt roadways. This improvement should be authorized.
RECAPITULATION OF APPROPRIATIONS REQUESTED.
Eoof for boiler room
Carpenter and paint shop
Cold storage room
Extension to cottage 34
Heating plant
Carriage barn
Fencing
Artesian wells
Ee-roofing of cottages 28 and 32
Laundry
Enlargement of switch board
Improvement of Asylum avenue
Total
f2,955 00
5,500 00
5,500 00
500 00
69,040 00
5,000 00
3,000 00
1,000 00
2,100 00
2,80000
750 00
7,550 00
'
•
1105,695 00
FARM,, GARDEN, STOCK AND GROU5S7DS.
By the act of the last legislature provision was made authorizing the
purchase and addition of 60 acres to the asylum farm, increasing the
acreage of the farm to 728 acres. This addition was all cleared highland, 32 acres of which was an old apple orchard, 20 acres of which
had been cut down too old to be productive, leaving 12 acres of thrifty
apple trees mainly of the Duchess and Oldenburg variety, yielding each
year from 300 to 800 bushels of good fruit.
The orchards, vineyards and small fruit plantations now occupy about
36 acres. The gardens and fields under cultivation and in meadow cover
about 422 acres, while the forest, lawns and grounds occupy 210 acres
and there are about 60 acres of uncleared, undrained land, making the
total 728 acres.
The products from the farm during the last biennial period have exceeded those of any former period, and with the improved methods of
management employed they will increase each coming period.
The dairy herd of the asylum continues to meet the needs of the institution. There are now 125 head of pure-bred Holstein-Friesians
upon the asylum farm. The young cattle sell readily, there being a
great demand for them. During the past two years 40 head have been
sold, for which |3,412.12 have been received. They have been sold in
18 different counties in the State to become the foundation of herds.
Ten of these counties in their purchases have bought their first purebred stock. The milk yield of the herd in the biennial period has
been 1,251,989 pounds, or 625,994 pounds per year, or over 26 tons of
milk per month. During the period the quality as well as the quantity
of milk has increased, and by a late test the herd is entirely free from
tuberculosis.
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
21
RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS.
The total receipts of the asylum for the fiscal year ending Jnne 30,
1907, including cash on hand and credits on special appropriations accounts, were $245,861.74; and the total disbursements for the same
period, including special appropriations, were $254,469.51.
The total receipts of the asylum for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1908, including cash on hand and credits and cash on special appropriations accounts, were $314,292.15; and the total disbursements for the
same period, including special appropriations, were $294,153.76.
There was at the close of the biennial period ending June 30, 1908,
$40,237.72 in the hands of the treasurer; $4,767.86 of which amount was
to the credit of the current expense account and the balance of $34,469.86
unexpended balances to the credit of special appropriations accounts.
OFFICERS.
In 1907, Hon. T. T. Bates of Traverse City, Mich., was reappointed
to the board. Mr. Bates has served continuously on the board since
1885.
In 1907, Hon. William Lloyd of Manistee, Mich., was appointed on
the board. Mr. Lloyd's business experience well qualifies him for the
duties of the office.
On July 26, 1907, Dr. J. F. Canavan died after a brief illness. Dr.
Canavan had been a member of the medical staff for a number of
years, and had made himself of great value to the institution. He was
a man of fine attainments, an earnest student in liis profession, and a
faithful and conscientious worker. His death was greatly regretted
by the Board of Trustees, by his associates on the staff, and by all who
knew him.
In July, 1907, Eobert E. Wells, M. D., was appointed to the staff.
He came to us highly recommended, and he has proved very efficient
in his duties.
The period just closed has been an important one in the history of
the institution. We can only express our appreciation of the efforts
of the officers and all other employes.
T. T. BATES,
H. C. DAVIS,
M. F. QUAINTANCE,
A. F. TEMPLE,
W. W. MITCHELL,
WILLIAM LLOYD,
Traverse City, Mich., June 30, 1908.
Trustees.
4
22
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
TREASURER'S REPORT.
ABSTRACTS
OF (THE
ACCOUNTS CURRENT OF THE RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF^THE
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM FOR THE FISCAL YEAR
ENDING JUNE 30, 1907.
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the'Northern Michigan Asylum,
for month ending July 31, 1906.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand July 1, 1906
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account current expense
Cash from other sources
'.'.
$28,707 10
20,645 07
1,274 65
$50,626 82
DEBITS.
To account of artesian wells
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$91 00
16,894 53
33,641 29
$50,620 82
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for month ending August 31, 1906.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand August 1, 1906
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources.
To account of artesian wells
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$33,641 29
20,645 07
1,271 06
:
DEBITS.
$283 66
20,575 39
34,698 37
$55,557 42
$55,557 42
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for month ending September SO, 1906.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand September 1, 1906
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
$34,698 37
20,645 08
469 31
:
$55,812 76
DEBITS.
To account of artesian wells
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$317 29
20,209 96
35,285 51
$55,812 76
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
23
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for month ending October 21, 1906.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand October 1, 1906
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
$35,285 51
18,736 49
685 33
$54,707 33
DEBITS.
To account of artesian wells
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$117 23
21,215 59
33,374 51
$54,707 33
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for month ending November SO, 1906.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand November 1, 1906
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
$33,374 51
18,736 49
534 62
$52,645 62
DEBITS.
To account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$19,792 46
32,853 10
'
$52,645 62
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for month ending December S I , 1906.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand December 1, 1906
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other, sources
$32,853 16
18,736 48
785 13
$52,374 77
DEBITS.
To account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$20,454 48
31 ,920 29
S52.374 77
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending January 31, 1907.
By balance on hand January 1, 1907
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
CREDITS.
,
:
•
$31,920 29
21,175 22
917 18
854,012 69
DEBITS.
To account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$21,125 59
32 ,887 10
$54,012 69
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending February 28, 1907.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand February 1, 1907
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
• $32 ,887 10
21,175 21
489 14
$54,551 45
24
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
DEBITS.
To account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$20,308 07
34,243 38
$54,551 45
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for month ending March S I , 1907.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand March 1, 1907
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
134,243 38
21,175 21
612 48
$56,031 07
DEBITS.
To account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$25,906 39
30,124 68
$56,031 07
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending April SO, 1907.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand April 1, 1907
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
$30,124 68
17,428 35
919 09
$49,472 12
DEBITS.
To account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$20,951 11
28,521 01
$49,472 12
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending May SI, 1907.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand May 1, 1907
$28,521 01
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
18,428 35
Cash from other sources
470 84
J47,420 20
DEBITS.
To account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
'.
$26,280 52
21,139 68
•
$47,420 20
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending June SO, 1907.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand June 1, 1907
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
$21,139 68
18,428 34
477 55
$40,045 57
DEBITS.
To account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$19,946 24
20,099 33
$40,045 57
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
25
SUMMARY.
THE STATE or MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the fiscal year ending June SO, 1907.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand July 1, 1906
828,707 10
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
236,955 36
Cash from other sources
8,906 38
1274,568 84
DEBITS.
To disbursements:
Account of artesian wells
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
......
$809 18
253,660 33
20,099 33
S274.568 84
26
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
ABSTRACTS
OF ACCOUNTS CURRENT OF THE RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF THE NORTHERN
MICHIGAN ASYLUM FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING .JUNE 30, 1908.
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending July 31, 1907.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand July 1, 1907
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of land
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
To account of addition to store
Account of addition to greenhouse
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$20,099 33
6,000 00
20,343 35
825 70
...................................
..............................
....................................
.................................
$202
279
20 ,042
26 ,744
$47,268 38
09
50
14
65
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum.
for the month ending August 31, 1907.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand August 1, 1907
...............................
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of addition to store
..................................
Account of addition to greenhouse
............................
Account of extension to south wing
...........................
Account of boiler and automatic stoker
........................
Account of current expense ........... .
......................
Cash from other sources
........................................
$26 ,744 65
----
To account of addition to store
...................................
Account of addition to greenhouse
.........................
s
.....
Account of extension to south wing
.......................
.N
.....
Account of land
..............................................
Account of additional fire protection
............................
Account of repairs on reservoir
.............................
....
Account of current expense
....................................
Balance on hand to new account
................................
2 , 500
2 , 100
45 ,000
2 ,300
20,343
620
00
00
00
00
35
34
$99,608 34
_ $846 86
1 ,268 71
1 ,472 50
6,000 00
8 23
1 05 00
1 7 , 926 00
71 ,981 04
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending September 30, 1907.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand September 1, 1907
............................
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of piggeries
.........................................
Account of current expense
..................................
Cash from other sources. . .
......
$71 ,981 04
1 , 200 00
20 , 317 49
608 23
------
$94,106 76
$428
551
505
84
83
22 , 105
70 , 348
-----
$94,106 76
DEBITS.
To account of addition to store
Account of addition to greenhouse
Account of extension to south wing
Account of repairs on reservoir
Account of additional fire protection
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
...................................
..............................
.............................
...................................
............................
....................................
................................
63
79
00
00
41
39
54
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
27
THE STATE or MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending October SI, 1907.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand October 1, 1907
Casli from State Treasurer:
Account of dry-room for laundry
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
870,348 54
v
•
1,200 00
19,297 85
908 12
$91,754 51
DEBITS.
To account of addition to store
Account of extension to south wing
Account of additional fire protection
Account of piggeries
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
...
—
$350
241
303
1,018
21,314
68,526
10
31
70
12
31
97
$91,754 51
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending November SO, 1907.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand November 1, 1907
808,526 97
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
19,297 84
Casli from other sources
934 96
$88,759 77
DEBITS.
To account of addition to store
Account of repairs on reservoir
Account of piggeries
Account of boiler and automatic stoker
Account of current expense
• Balance on hand to new account
$414
195
181
850
22,983
64,135
-
28
00
88
00
45
16
$88,759 77
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending December 31, 1908.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand December 1, 1907
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
$64,135 16
19,297 83
472 30
$83,905 29
DEBITS.
To account of boiler and automatic stocker
Account of new boilers
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$1,450
700
25,134
56,620
00
00'
70
59
$83,905 29
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending January 31, 1908.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand January 1, 1908
"Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
$56,620 59
22,013 11
763 34
$79,397 04
DEBITS.
To account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
,
§22 ,939 38
56,457 66
$79,397 04
28
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending February £9, 1908.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand February 1, 1908
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
$56,457 66
22,013 11
1,160 57
_$79,631 34
DEBITS.
To account of addition to store
Account of new boilers
Account of new greenhouse boiler
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$67
1,762
560
19,925
57,314
50
94
62
71
67
_S79,631 34
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending March SI, 1908.
DEBITS.
By balance on hand March 1, 1808
$57,314 57
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
22 ,013 10
Cash from other sources
1,870 26
$81,197 93
To account of addition to store
Account of extension of south wing
Account of new boilers
Account of new telephones
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$27 25
100 00
2880
1,000 00
2.3,496 90
56,544 98
$81,197 93
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for month ending April 30, 1908.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand April 1, 1908
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of books and musical instruments
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
To account of extension to south wing
Account of extension to north wing
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$56,544
500
19,195
1,759
:
98
00
75
03
—
$1,420
1,033
18,565
56,980
57
40
18
61
$77,999 76
$77,999 76
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum*
for the month ending May 31, 1908.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand May 1. 1908
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
$56,980 61
19,195 74
549 38
$76,725 73
DEBITS.
To account of addition to store
Account of extension to south wing
Account of repairs on reservoir
Account of new boilers
Account of extension to north wing
Account of dry-room for laundry
Account of boiler and automatic stoker
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$163
481
92
8
2,785
1,200
374
25,853
45,767
29
69
37
26
06
00
60
22
24
$76,725 73
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
29
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending June 30, 1908.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand June 1, 1908
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
$45,767 24
19,195 74
495 66
To account of extension to south wing
Account of repairs on reservoir
Account of extension to north wing
Account of books and musical instruments
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$733 92
18 91
3,448 14
175 00
20,844 95
40,237 72
$65,458 64
$65,458 64
SUMMARY.
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the fiscal year ending June SO, 1908.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand July 1, 1907
$20,099 33
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of land
6,000 00
Account of addition to store
2,500 00
Account of addition to greenhouse
2,100 00
Account of extension to south wing
45,000 00
Account of boiler and automatic stoker
2,300 00
Account of piggeries
1,200 00
Account of dry-room for laundry
1,200 00
Account of books and musical instruments
500 00
Account of current expense
242,524 26
Cash from other sources
10,967 89
$334,391 48
DEBITS.
To disbursements:
Account of addition to store
Account of addition to greenhouse
Account of extension to south wing
Account of land
Account of repairs on reservoir
Account of additional fire protection
Account of piggeries
Account of boiler and automatic stoker
Account of new greenhouse boiler
Account of new telephones
Account of extension to north wing
Account of books and musical instruments
Account of dry-room for laundry
Account of boiler and automatic stoker (new account)
Account of new boilers
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$2 ,500 00
2,100 00
4,954 99
6,000 00
495 28
395 34
1,200 00
2 ,300 00
560 62
1,000 00
7,266 60
175 00
1,200 00
374 60
2,500 00
261,131 33
40,237 72
$334,391 48
We have carefully examined the accounts of Samuel Garland, treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum, for the biennial period ending
June 30, 1908, and have compared the same with the books and vouchers;
and verified the same by further comparison with the books of the
steward and hereby certify to the entire correctness of them.
T. T. BATES,
WM. LLOYD,
A. F. TEMPLE,
Auditing Committee.
5
30
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
STEWARD'S REPORT.
FOR THE BIENNIAL PERIOD ENDING JUNE 30, 1908.
ANALYSIS OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS FOR THE BIENNIAL PERIOD ENDING
JUNE 30, 1908.
RECEIPTS.
Maintenance, etc., State patients
Maintenance, etc., private patients
Farm
Sundry accounts
Special appropriations:
Land
Addition to store
Addition to greenhouse
Extension to south wing
Boiler and automatic stoker
Piggeries
Dry room for laundry
Additional fire protection
Books and musical instruments
$479,479
9,510
4,383
4,980
62
75
44
08
6,000
2,500
2,100
45,000
2,300
1,200
1,200
1,000
500
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
$560,153 89
DISBURSEMENTS.
1. Salaries and wages
Officers' salaries
J72,010 48
13,062 71
—
2. Food:
Meat and
Butter
Flour
Tea and coffee
Wages
Fuel
Miscellaneous
Sugar
fish
3. Clothing:
Wages of clerks
Cost of clothing
4. Laundry expenses:
Wages
Soap making
Fuel
Starch
Machinery
Soda
Electric irons
Gasoline
Gas
Blueing
Tallow
5. Heating and light:
Wages
Coal
Electrical supplies
Gas
Oil
'.
Wicking
Candles
Coke
$49,457
27,982
13,095
6,205
8,837
1,117
25,130
5,327
•
$501 97
24,219 97
$9,023
1,746
375
327
269
203
157
34
1
25
670
'
•
79
28
66
91
06
08
57
81
90
26
00
50
82
28
19
40
40
36
23
$9,170 66
48 ,024 30
947 76
134 37
49 92
1 20
1 08
23 80
•
185,073 19
137,154 16
24,721 94
12,834 34
58,353 09
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
6. Floral greenhouse and grounds:
Wages
Seeds
Garden hose
Implements
Drain pipe
Flower pots
Paris green
Manure
Seats
Wheelbarrows
Trees
Glass
SI ,771 75
101 42
82 50
88 51
30 44
29 63
60 00
22 20
14 10
924
7 86
5 28
7. Medical department:
Wages
Drugs, etc
Medical books
Expenses of pathologist
Laboratory supplies
•
8. Office, stationery, etc.:
Wages
Telephones
Typewriters and supplies
Postage stamps
Printing
Stationery
Blanks
Rule books
Filing cases
Treasurer's stationery account
City Directory
9. Amusement and instruction:
Music for dances
Medical books
Billiard table
Christmas toys, candies, etc
Billiard balls and chalk
Games
Entertainment
Hymn books
Express
Tuning pianos
Magazines
10. Furniture and household supplies:
Wages
Dry goods
Bedding
Blankets
Hardware
:
Crockery
Furniture
Brooms
Ranges and castings
Soap
Utensils
Toilet paper
Carpet
Upholstering
Sewing machines
Gas range
Insect powder
Carpet linings
Window shades
Refrigerator
Clothes truck
Shelf paper
Seating
Curtains
,
Carpet sweeper
Iron bedstead
Baskets
Freight
Grates
Leather
11. Carriage barn and vehicles:
Wages
Feed
Harness
Blacksmithing
Buggy repairs
Horseshoes
Veterinary
Telephone message
31
$46,111
4,929
50
12
3
—
82
14
66
95
80
$2,041
806
734
510
487
341
221
225
190
97
3
90
45
82
00
19
85
80
75
80
10
00
$354
146
316
124
27
30
25
23
1
22
6
50
18
53
14
22
12
00
07
75
00
00
$2,222 93
51,108 37
5,660 66
1,07651
$1,158 62
4,619 53
5,292 27
1,273 61
1,669 27
1,003 61
945 77
918 58
657 92
633 72
468 12
411 94
177 97
135 00
91 80
78 00
74 17
45 75
35 75
26 46
23 76
15 51
9 22
6 00
6 50
7 00
5 79
1 85
1 46
98
J
19,795193
:
.
$701
429
23
22
19
10
5
84
63
77
68
85
69
09
10
1,21.3 65
32
12. Improvements and repairs:
Wages
r
Pipe and
Lumber
Lime and cement
Iron and castings
Paints and oils
Hardware
Hoist for coal
Steel beams
Tiling
Coal
Boiler, etc
Material for coal bunkers
Consulting engineer account
Wire screens
Roofing
Wall paper
Brick
:
Sewer pipe
Glass
Moving paint shop
Awnings
Tools
Blacksmith coal
Felt
13. Machinery:
Automatic stokers
Machinery for handling coal
Boilers and
Machine fittings and supplies
Lubricating oil
Potato peeling machine
Pump, etc
Vertical engine
Boiler insurance
Wages
Tools
Freight
Packing
Steam trap
Repairs to gas engine
Meat cutter
Belting
Pump
Repairs to laundry machinery
Hose and packing
Gauge charts
Valves
Steam gauge
Gaskets
Mud pipe
14. Farm, garden and stock:
Wages
Feed
Steers (or beef
Hay
Stock, cows
Implements
Blacksmithing
Seeds
Cattle tests
Oats
Horses
Manure
Straw
Veterinary
Harness.."
Wagon and sleighs
Cattle registering
Carriage
Paris green, etc
Trees
•.
Hogs
Sewer pipe
Advertising cattle
Fence
Freight on calf
Milk tester
Photos of cows
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
fittings
".
fittings
:
fittings
•
....
.....
—
S29.472 28
4,036 13
2,866 26
2,710 55
2,637 87
2,438 54
1,677 65
1,210 00
1,267 40
591 91
464 48
289 60
283 37
361 43
233 75
180 63
123 70
167 75
48 04
25 13
25 00
19 85
16 31
5 94
11 15
—
$51,164 72
$4,568 19
1,072 00
663 32
338 17
312 76
250 00
505 00
200 04
218 00
184 90
147 17
115 58
69 51
51 97
46 75
117 90
28 98
26 78
23 25
.
31 22
12 00
11 91
10 60
20 15
3 75
—
9,029 90
$19,235 70
13,396 88
5,600 79
3,699 99
2,030 41
716 82
573 55
448 61
17148
480 04
50000
381 76
323 86
324 83
289 86
180 50
130 42
175 73
113 73
62 47
63 30
52 25
4110
26 35
19 50
12 60
7 75
49,060 28
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
33
15. Miscellaneous expenses:
Tobacco
Wages of watchmen
Elopement expenses
Undertaker's fees
Refunded money
Purchases for patients
Steward's expenses purchasing supplies
Patients' expenses home
Messages, etc
Money refunded tor old boiler
Superintendent's expenses to Board meetings, etc
Accountant's expenses to Board meetings, etc
Assistant superintendent's expenses visiting hospitals, e t c . . ..
Wages for housecleaning
Nurses pins
Chief engineer's expenses to Chicago
Surveying
Pipes
Fruit
Express
Recording deed
Miscellaneous
$2,487 31
1,049 10
563 71
404 64
366 21
319 45
301 85
170 57
132 16
100 00
80 23
34 08
117 96
26 00
56 25
20 00
15 00
4 12
2 13
1 75
1 65
67 82
Special appropriations:
Extension north wing
Extension south wing
Repairs to reservoir
Boiler and automatic stoker
Land
Addition to greenhouse
New boilers
Addition to store
Dry-room for laundry
Piggeries
New telephones
Artesian wells
'New greenhouse boiler
Books and musical instruments
Additional fire protection
$7,266 60
4,954 99
495 28
2,674 60
6,000 00
2,100 00
2,500 00
2,500 00
1,200 00
1,200 00
1,000 00
809 18
560 62
175 00
395 34
$6,321 99
33,831 61
$548,623 27
34
STATE OP MICHIGAN.
FARM REPORT.
FOR THE BIENNIAL PEKJOD ENDING JUNE 30, 1908.
Asparagus, pounds
Apples, bushels
Beans, bushels
Bedding, tons
Beef, Ibs
Beets, bushels
Beet greens, Ibs
'
Cabbage, heads
Carrots, bushels
Cauliflower, heads
Celery, heads
Chicken, Ibs
Corn, bushels
Cucumbers, dozen
Eggs, vegetable, dozen
Fodder,, tons
Feed, green, tons
Grapes, bushels
Hay, tons
Kohlrabi, bushels
Lettuce, pounds
Milk, pounds
Musk-melon, pounds
Onions, dozen
Onions, bushels
Parsnips, bushels
Peas
Peaches
Pepper, bushels
Potatoes, bushels
Pork, Ibs
Potatoes, sweet, bushels
Plums, bushels
Pumpkins, tons
Radishes, dozens
Rhubarb, pounds
Strawberries, quarts
Squash, tons
Sage, bunches
Savory, bunches
Salsify, bushels
Spinach
Tomatoes, ripe, bushels
Tomatoes, green, bushels
Turnips, bushels
Veal, pounds.
Watermelon, pounds
Premiums on cattle
Cattle sold
Hides sold
Wheat sold...
I
'.
2,160
579
378
33
75,960
769
75
27,760
7,148
679
17,605
419
1,341
1,059
5
40i
25
202i
329
J
15,025
1,214,613
5,670
11,882
144
6,001
339
526
8
9,000
36,904
88
ISO}
11
15,167
10,635
4,579
25t
350
100
205
4,720
1,292i
105
1,340
2 ,249
1,250
$77 00
3,341 12
887 84
83 48
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
35
SUMMARY OF INVENTORY, NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM, JUNE 30, 1908.
Farm and grounds
JS3,160 00
Buildings
770,201 00
Stock on farm
16,160 00
Administration building
7,264 15
Library and chapel
1,244 00
Pathological laboratory
1,200 00
Dispensary
1,259 45
Wards
30,493 06
Cottage 21
2 ,996 33
Cottage 23
3,187 84
Cottage 25
2,499 39
Cottages 24 and 26
4,003 07
Cottage 27
-. .
3 ,200 08
Cottage 28
1,939 23
Cottage 29
:
3,476 75
Cottage 30
3,067 01
Cottage 31
1,753 05
Cottage 32
1,858 65
Cottage 34
3,217 35
Cottage 36
3,333 35
Cottage 38
1,036 42
Engine room and shops
7,147 27
Kitchen and bakery
4,991 24
Laundry
5,909 72
Farm implements, etc
3,363 69
Store
fixtures
252 85
Groceries and meat
4,319 75
Crockery
206 19
Notions
1 ,'235 25
Silver plated ware
37 55
Hardware and miscellaneous
'
916 84
Dry goods
I
3,347 58
Boots and shoes
1,014 10
Clothing
5,907 51
Total
$955,199 72
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
36
EEPOET OF MEDICAL SUPEEINTENDENT.
To the Board of Trustees:
Gentlemen: As required by law, I have the honor to submit for
jour consideration the following report of the principal events of the
asylum for the biennial period ending June 30, 1908. The movement
of population has been as follows:
TABLE I.—For the biennial period.
Males.
Patients.
Discharged
.
Discharged improved
Died
Females.
Total.
699
290
609
215
1,308
989
250
824
226
1,813
739
598
1 ,337
39
50
35
126
56
56
16
98
95
106
51
224
505
476
From the beginning.
Males.
Patients.
Total admitted
f
Discharged recovered . .
Discharged improved
Discharged unimproved
Died
...
Total discharged
Remaining under treatment June 30 1908
Females.
Total.
4,695
2,596
2,099
313
598
200
748
257
595
154
495
1,193
354
1,243
1 857
1 ,501
3,358
739
598
1,337
568
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
37
If these statistics are compared with the last preceding period it
will be found that the admissions were 36 less, and the discharges
67 more, and that there has been a decrease in women of 11, and a
gain in men of 40, or a net gain of 29 patients in the asylum district
during the last two years. This increase has not more than equaled
the growth of population during the same time. The new buildings
under construction will meet the requirements of the district for the
next three or four years.
The number of patients discharged recovered was 5 per cent plus
of the whole number under treatment, and IS 8-10 per cent of the number admitted. This greatly exceeds the recovery rate of any former
period. It shold be stated that these percentages include the manic
depressive cases, in which the recovery from attack is counted without
reference to cure of the disease. The smallest number of patients under
treatment on any one day was 1,294, and the largest number was
1,344.
The death rate for the year ending June 30, 1907, was 7.7 per
cent, and for the year ending June 30, 1908, 6.6 per cent. There were
224 deaths during the period. The following table gives the sex, age,
form of disease and cause of death in each case:
6
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
38
TABLE II.
Sex.
Age.
Nativity.
64
63
97
Female
Female
Female
48
30
"57"
86
30
67
57
67
27
23
50
35
80
62
43
47
Female
B II Senility
B. II, Organic
Apoplexy.
Michigan
Pennsylvania
C. II, Periodical
A. II, Dementia
B II Senility
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Bright's disease.
Michigan
Ohio
Germany
New York
Ohio
Germany
54
57
Michigan
Ohio
Michigan
58
46
61
75
54
England
Ohio
Finland
Michigan
New York
56
74
45
19
33
29
C
B
I Hvsteria
II Senilitv
Sweden
New York
60
78
C. II, Periodical
B II Organic
New York
64
27
37
Female
Cause of death.
Vermont
54
69
60
46
46
50
75
Form of disease.
C III Imbecility
A. II, Dementia
B II Senility
B
B
B
Bright's disease.
II Organic ..
II Senility
II, Organic .
C. II Periodical
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
C. I, Epilepsia
B II Senility
B II Organic
New York
88
62
60
67
50
B
B
II Organic
80
B
II Senility
II Senility
22
61
50
50
Female
Male .
Male
Male.. ,
Male
47
50
83
84
27
Ohio
Male....
Male...
Male
Male ...
Male
50
72
73
27
29
Sweden . .
B II Organic
C III Imbecility
C
I Epilepsia
C III Imbecility
.
. . . .
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
39
TABLE II.—Continued.
Sex.
Male
Male
Male .
Male
Male
.
Age.
.
46
23
77
78
36
Nativity.
Form of disease.
England
New York
England
B II Senility
Organic
Unknown...
Unknown
Bohemia
Germany
B. II, Organic
B. II, Organic
Dementia praecox
B. II, Organic
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male . . . .
"76"
60
Male ..
Male
Male . . .
Male
Male
68
61
67
40
46
Ohio
New York
B.
Unknown
B. II, General paralysis
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
70
36
76
75
65
Canada
Unknown
Massachusetts
Canada
B. II, Organic
C. I, Epilepsia
Orgaaic
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
. . .
"is"
37
86
46
New York
Michigan
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
66
89
54
52
36
Male ...
Male
Male
Male
Male
40
45
54
26
42
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
32
35
32
Michigan
75
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
I, Toxic
B II Senility
B. II, General paralysis
Cause of death.
Peritonitis.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
. . Arterio-s clerosis.
Arterio-sclerosis.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Arterio-sclerosis.
Bright's disease.
Arterio-sclerosis.
Arterio-sclerosis.
Paretic seizure.
Arteriosclerosis.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Apoplexy.
Paretic seizure.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Apoplexy.
Edema of lungs.
Arterio-sclerosis.
Arterio-sclerosis.
Cardiac disease.
Paretic seizure.
Arterio sclerosis.
Paretic seizure.
Arterio-sclerosis.
Paretic seizure.
Arteriosclerosis.
Bright's disease.
Bright's disease.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Status epilepticus.
Ohio
Illinois
Michigan
C.
Michigan
Canada
Manic depressive
C. II, Periodical
Bright's disease.
Pernicious anemia.
Bright's disease.
Exhaustion.
Exhaustion/
Unknown
Germany
C. Ill,
B. II,
B. II,
B. II,
B. II,
Pyaemia.
Paretic seizure.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Paretic seizure.
Bright's disease.
53
Michigan
C. Ill, Imbecility
62
83
52
New York
Canada
B. II, Senility
51
44
67
50
53
Michigan
Ireland
Male....
Male
Male
Male
Male
54
35
69
74
50
Male....
Male
Male
Male
Male....
54
73
43
46
Male
Male
Male
Male...,
Male
32
"41"
„
C.
New York
Unknown
Imbecility
General paralysis
Organic
General paralysis
Senility
I, Epilepsia
Cardiac disease.
Status epilepticus.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Chronic bronchitis.
Cardiac disease.
I, Epilepsia
Edema of lungs.
Status epilepticus.
Cardiac disease.
Gumma brain.
Status epilepticus.
C. I, Epilepsia
C. I, Epilepsia
Organic brain disease
B II Organic
A. II, Dementia
Status epilepticus.
Status epilepticus.
Exhaustion.
Exhaustion.
Bright's disease.
Organic
Bright's disease.
Bright's disease.
Paretic seizure.
Cardiac disease.
Paretic seizure.
B. II, Organic
C.
New Hampshire
Wisconsin
I, Neurasthenia
Unknown
General paralysis
Canada
Epilepsia
Unknown
General paralysis
A. II, Dementia
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Arterio-sclerosis.
Paretic seizure.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
40
TABLE II.—Continued.
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
19
45
48
47
63
.. .
.. .
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
.
Male
Male
Male
Male .
Male
49
35
53
71
•
Cardiac disease.
. .
Paretic seizure.
Edema of lungs.
Pulmonarv tuberculosis.
Exhaustion.
New York
63
57
69
51
64
...
. . . .
59
84
Bright's disease.
Paretic seizure.
Suffocation.
Ohio
Exhaustion.
41
75
88
....
78
50
58
40
75
44
82
60
44
08
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
43
31
63
54
57
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
61
23
44
36
75
Male
Male
50
74
72
39
65
49
18
(S
61
42
Female
Cause of death.
65
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Female
Poland "
Ohio...
50
34
22
38
45
,
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Form of disease.
52
25
79
47
56
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male.
Male
Male
Nativity.
Age.
Sex.
48
41
53
68
62
Ohio
Ohio
Scotland
Senility
Arterio-sclerosis.
Senility
Colitis.
Acute rheumatism.
End o- card itis.
Paretic seizure.
. .
Ohio
Paretic seizure.
Holland
Imbecility
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Paretic seiaure.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Holland
Paretic seizure.
Alter io-sclerosis.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Cardiac disease.
Exhaustion.
Puknonarv tuberculosis.
Carcinoma.
Ohio
Apoplexy.
Ohio
Acute delirium
Exhaustion.
Ohio....
Dementia nrtecox
Erysipelas.
Cardiac disease.
Carcinoma.
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLtJM.
41
TABLE II.—Concluded.
Sex.
Age.
Nativity.
Cause of death.
Form of disease.
Female..
Female..
Female..
Female..
Female..
41
60
54
24
83
Michigan
Michigan
Canada
Michigan
New York
Epilepsia
Dementia prsecox..
Organic
Dementia prsecox..
Senility
Status epilepticus.
Cardiac disease.
Exhaustion.
Pericarditis.
Arterio-sclerosis.
Female..
Female..
Female..
Female..
Female..
49
49
49
26
41
Indiana
Michigan
Canada
Canada
Michigan
Paranoia.,
Organic.
Dementia prsecox..
Acute delirium
Manic depressive...
Pernicious anemia.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Pneumonia.
Exhaustion.
Exhaustion.
Female..
Female..
Female..
Female..
Female..
38 I Michigan
Michigan
66
Michigan
35
Michigan
51
Germany
44
Dementia prsecox..
Imbecility
Dementia prsecox.
Epilepsia
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Apoplexy.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Apoplexy.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Female..
Female..
Female..
Female..
Female..
71
36
54
65
65
Canada
Michigan
Germany
Sweden
New York
Manic depressive
Dementia prEecox
Dementia prsecox
Manic depressive
Epilepsia
Apoplexy.
Chronic meningitis.
Intestinal perforation.
Apoplexy.
Exhaustion.
Female..
Female..
Female..
Female..
Female..
59
37
82
69
30
Ireland
Michigan
Scotland
New York
Prussia
Melancholia
Organic.,
Senility
Senility
Imbecility...
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Exhaustion.
Bright's disease.
Apoplexy.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Female..
Female..
Female..
Female ..
49
48
34
52
New York
Michigan
Michigan
Sweden
Organic
Epilepsia
Dementia prsecox
Organic
Exhaustion.
Status epilepticus.
Endo-carditis.
Diabetes.
SUMMARY.
Males.
General paralysis
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Intestinal tuberculosis
Cardiac disease
Exhaustion
Females.
24
19
8
9
>
Apoplexy
Pneumonia
Status epilepticus
Suffocation
Pernicious anemia
4
'•'
2
1
Bright's disease
Arteriosclerosis
Peritonitis
Enteritis
Edema of lungs
.'.
*
Influenza
Chronic meningitis
Acute rheumatism
Pyaemia
Erysipelas
12
22
2
1
3
2
1
1
Total.
2
24
1
11
15
26
10
3
5
14
3
14
2
2
1
43
1
19
24
10
5
22
27
2
2
3
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
Chronic bronchitis
Brain tumor...,
Aneurism
Intestinal obstruction
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
126
98
224
Total...
1
1
1
1
1
4
Intestinal perforation
Diabetes mellitus
Gastroptosis
".
Carcinoma
.'
.
.
42
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
Eighty-nine of the patients who died were over 55 years old; 14
were between 80 and 90, and one was over 90. The deaths from tuberculosis were 19.6 per cent of the deaths from all causes, about twice
as great as during the former period. It cannot be stated that this
increase of mortality from tuberculosis is an index of the disease among
the patients, since many of the cases were of long standing, and others
were infected before admission to the hospital. There has undoubtedly
been a slight spread of the disease during the last two years. General
paralysis, arterio-sclerosis, cardiac disease, and organic diseases of the
brain and nervous system were the other principal causes of death.
In all cases in which permission could be gained postmortem examinations were made. The results were often of value. Special examinations of various organs were made at the psychopathic laboratory at Ann Arbor, and many more in our own laboratory. Dr. Barrett's
reports of the pathological findings in these cases are of great interest
and frequently confirm the diagnosis of the disease made during life.
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
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44
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
The foregoing table showing the forms of mental disease is no longer
in use, but is inserted to show the classification of the cases up to
June 30, 1906. Parallel with the introduction of the psychopathic ward,
efforts were made to establish uniformity of classification in the various
asylums of Michigan, with the result that the following modification
of the well known classification of Kraepelin has been adopted in the
asylums of this State.
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
45
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46
STATE OP MICHIGAN.
This table shows that nearly 50 per cent of the patients suffered from
incurable mental disease, the largest portion of which was organic.
Of the 138 cases falling in group C, 76 per cent were men and 26 per
cent women. This great difference would indicate that the causes which
bring about these lesions in the brain and nerve centers are several
times more operative in men. The dementia praecox group also shows
that nearly twice as many men as women are afflicted; while in the
manic depressive types of insanity the opposite condition exists. It
is doubtless true that all the cases classified as dementia praecox are
hereditarily unstable, but I am inclined to believe that the hebephrenic
and katatonic forms of this group are toxic in origin rather than
hereditarily degenerative.
Thjs classification has proved quite satisfactory from a clinical standpoint. It is quite possible that many modifications will need to be
made in it as time passes and the toxic origin of mental and nervous
diseases becomes better known and our knowledge of faulty metabolism
of the proteid bodies becomes better established. It does not seem to
us to be outside of the possible to regard hebephrenia and katatonia
and the manic depressive insanities as being caused by a poisonous
proteid, either from the protein of the tissues and inert protein introduced with the food or from poisonous proteids from microbic infection, or to a faulty splitting up of the highly proteid bodies of the
internal secretions. The question of faulty metabolism opens up a
vast field of investigation in the domain of neurology and psychiatry.
Pathological chemistry must take a higher place in the investigation
and treatment of mental diseases.
It is known that the internal secretions play an important part in
the economy and any modification of the amount of these secretions—increase or decrease—or faulty splitting up of these bodies in
the organism, induces changes in the bodily functions. Diabetes and
myxedema are diseases due to abnormal internal secretion from the
pancreas on the one hand and the thyroid on the other. Recently the
thyroid secretion has gained some notoriety in the causation of katatonia,
but sufficient observations have not yet been made to establish a law
in the matter. The removal of a portion of the thyroid gland has
been tried for the cure of katatonia, and one such operation has been
performed here. In this case permanent benefit did not follow, but
several interesting mental states followed. Katatonia and possibly
hebephrenia are toxic diseases and it is not unlikely that a poisonous
proteid originating in defective metabolism of the thyroid secretion may
be the essential etiological factor.
The period just closed has not been marked by any brilliant innovations in the care or treatment of patients, but by progress on many
lines, a development of the forces of the hospital. The care exercised
in the purchase of supplies and the interest of the Governor in the
matter has led to the establishment of conferences at which the superintendents and purchasing agents of all the institutions of the state
take part. These conferences are of value, since the question of the
cost of every supply is considered and comparisons made from actual
samples of all materials purchased, and the statements of the stewards
and others are discussed, which includes the quality, cost, where and
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
47
from whom purchased and everything that tends to the most economic
buying, quality being considered.
Within the period a training school for nurses was established. The
opening of the school was in October, 1906, and the first class graduated in June, 1908. The school added greatly to the work of the staff,
but both the physicians and the nurses carried it on with enthusiasm
and success. Trained mental nurses are an important factor in the
treatment of insanity. By their training they comprehend the patients'
needs much better and can get much nearer to them than can nurses
without knowledge of the simplest psychic processes. A word of kindly
explanation, of encouragement, of assurance, if based on accurate knowledge, frequently is of the greatest aid to the mental patient, since the
conviction gradually forces itself in his mind that the nurse is giving
the true explanation of all his mental distress and suffering. The
professional interest of the nurses in their charges, and the ambition
to succeed in their calling, is helpful and is stimulating to all associated with patients. "Ordinarily there is too much of the presumption
that an insane person cannot reason rightly with regard to anything.
The consequence is a -lack of discrimination in treatment which may
have serious consequences in the resentment evoked by it." (Independent, page 662.) For these reasons a thorough course -in psychology
should be given in connection with the training school. There can
be no doubt in cases of mental disease, in which dissociations are
present, that a nurse trained in psychology is of highest assistance in
the restoration of patient. The most ordinary observer of mental
patients notes that there are currents of mind activities, which completely dominate them and without consciousness on their part of
their morbid nature; or these activities may partially dominate—a portion of the time being subconscious—but ever ready to break through
the crust of consciousness and often with intense and dangerous reactions. Many such patients strive to overcome such morbid activities,
and if they have the direction and sympathy of a nurse who knows
practical psychology and how to explain fundamental operations, may
be often able to replace these insistent activities with others which
induce or are followed by normal mental reactions. • Many
mental reactions which are at their beginning insane or morbid,
may be continued through habit. In these cases the nurse by
suggestion, direction and friendly attention may divert them into
normal channels. It is a kind of re-education of the patient, and the
mental nurse should be thoroughly grounded in psychology and how
to apply it in the care of mental derangements.
During the period there were 182 blood examinations made. Secondary anaemia was found in 28 examinations, pernicious anaemia in
5, surgical leucocytosis in 5, leucocytosis other than surgical 36,
polycythaemia 1, and Widal tests 2. Blood pressure examinations were
made in 118 cases. Increased blood tension was found in 11 cases.
Six hundred thirty-six urinary analyses were made. Nephritis was
found 41 times, glycosuria 10, pyuria 20, and the diazo reaction 2.
During the past year 49 sputum examinations were made. Tuberculosis
was found in 12, pneumonia in 3.
There were 71 autopsies made during the period, and as before men-
48
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
tioned, very many pathological examinations. It would be unprofitable
to detail all the findings in these cases. The most important conditions found were: (1) Metastatic sarcoma of brain and lungs. (2)
Gangrene of intestines. (3) Ulceration of intestines with peritonitis.
(4) Terminal pneumonia. (5) Mitral insufficiency. (6) Syphilis of
brain. (7) Pulmonary tuberculosis. (8) Metastatic sarcoma of osseous
system from primary tumor in breast. (9) Pleurisy and ulceration of
intestines. (10) Aneurism of aorta. (11) Hereditary syphilis.
The chief value of the autopsies and laboratory examinations of
tissue, etc., was found in the verification of diagnoses and in the explanation of the symptoms observed before death. I am not hopeful that
pathology will ever be able to solve psychic problems. It is in the
study of the living tissues, of proteid metabolism and the metabolism
of the internal secretions and poisons of bacterial origin that the
greatest hope of cure of the mentally sick will be discovered. Chemical
pathology and chemical research are beginning to take an important
part in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease, and this
new science promises brilliant results for the mentally afflicted. The
value of scientific research is also becoming apparent and the mental
associations, mental reactions.—normal and abnormal,—the preceptive
powers, the memory, the judgment, etc., are studied with as much,
if not more, care than were formerly the gross symptoms of insanity—
hallucinations and delusions.
The following surgical operations were performed during the period:
Operation.
Number of cases.
Tracheotomy
1
Trachelorrhophy
1
Tonsillotomy
11
Partial Thyreoidectomy
1
Oophorectomy
2
Appendectomy
8
Extirpation of Cervical Lymph Node
4
Extirpation of Sebaceous Cysts
3
Breast amputation
3
Paracentesis Abdominis
4
Paracentesis Thoracis
3
Intestinal obstruction
1
Cellulitis
3
Uterine Curettage
2
Dislocated jaw
1
Dislocated
finger
,
1
Dislocated elbow
1
Fractured femur
2
Fractured clavicle
3
Fractured humerus
2
Fractured metacarpal bone
1
Four children were born to patients during the period.
It is apparent that during the last two years there has been very
marked progress in psychiatry. The most careful methods are used in
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
49
the examination of patients and much pains are taken with each individual from the day of admission to that of discharge, to promote his
welfare and recovery. The institution is gradually becoming hospitalized, and every patient receives direct personal study by the physicians.
The old plan of carrying on the work in the administration building in offices has largely disappeared and the physician spends his
time on the ward with the patients carefully noting every symptom
or working up the cases with the aid of a stenographer. "The medical
work has greatly improved; here as in all other lines of human effort,
progress has been slow, but to demonstrate that progress has been made,
one need only to compare the written records of patients of ten years
ago with those of today. With the advent of the laboratory a new
era commenced in psychiatry, a great stride forward was taken for the
relief and cure of mental and nervous conditions. No attempt is made
to take the mental status of a patient in longhand. The mental examination requires accuracy and in order that the questions may be
reported verbatim it must be taken in shorthand. Anything less than
verbatim reports of these examinations render the work worthless from
a scientific standpoint. Every physician to the institution, if not a
shorthand writer himself, should be furnished a stenographer to assist
in his work and to write out the examinations. This has been done
during the last two years at this institution with great advantage to
the patients; it has been stimulating to all of us to further and better
efforts, and certainly tends to increase our insight into the activities
of the mind whether normal or abnormal." It is our object to establish offices in connection with the hospital, on both sides of the house,
in which the physicians can perform their work and in which the examinations of patients, the mental status, etc., can be taken, and in
which the physician will come in constant contact with his charges and
personally direct the mental cure of each and every one.
The needs of the asylum have been thoroughly discussed in your report and I need not speak of them, nor of the improvements that have
been made during the period, since you are thoroughly familiar with
them.
We append herewith the usual statistical tables:
TABLE V.—Degree of heredity.
From the beginning.
For the biennial period.
Males.
Total
Females.
Total.
Males.
Females.
Total.
6
18
15
20
18
4
12
6
22
10
10
30
21
42
28
36
119
87
165
99
33
129
66
217
115
69
248
153
382
214
29
9
.99
76
19
9
41
92
48
18
140
168
183
68
715
1,124
191
60
611
677
374
128
1,326
1,801
290
215
505
2,596
2,099
4,695
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
50
TABLE VI.—Occupation of those admitted.
For the biennial period.
Males.
Females.
From the beginning.
Total.
Males.
Females.
Total.
"'2
2
4
1
3
4
8
1
5
7
7
4
11
1
15
11
6
8
22
18
10
19
1
Bakers, cooks, confectioners
5
4
"i
5
5
Blacksmiths and metal workers
8
4
2
12
44
15
5
49
6
19
12
8
23
3
63
27
13
72
9
1
1
13
2
"'3'
3
1
16
1
9
99
3
3
5
4
62
2
6
13
161
5
3
1
.....
1
4
60
2
2
20
1
1
3
6
80
2
5
7
6
869
5
9
3
355
1
1
2
Farmers, gardeners and florists
98
4
60
4
158
1
1
2
8
763
Farm laborers
28
2
10
..„.
38
2
8
'1
1
Accountants, private secretaries
2
4
Apothecaries and chemists
Carpenters and woodworkers
Civil engineers and surveyors
Coachmen and teamsters
Housekeepers
1
Journalists
2
Laundrymen and laundresses
2
2
3
Liverymen, stablemen and jockeys
Machinists, gunsmiths, locksmiths
3
Marine engineers, firemen, sailors
1
Milliners, dressmakers, seamstresses
2
"'3'
4
2
6
1
2
1
5
1
1
2
1
2
13
25
Physicians
2
4
"T
Policemen, firemen, watchmen
1
Stenographers
1
Stone and marble workers
Tailors
4
1
12
Veterinary
5
Total...,
. '
290
'"as
2
5
.....
8
561
3
1
2
16
1,324
5
1
20
4
159
2
1
53
9
159
7
2
'"9
17
4
38
1
5
14
4
34
1
14
31
8
72
1
5
27
2
8
1
12
42
5
24
10
15
39
123
4
16
15
109
216
4
3
9
22
28
1
4
3
33
5
7
15
4
16
6
"'?0'
93
19
19
1
3
2
13
13
1
2
'.'••'«'
11
17
1
20
.....
4
2
31
12
4
216
7
"'si'
19
"'2'
215
505
2
2
10
16
9
1,224
2.596
•
1
1
164
2
15
"'55'
164
2
32
1
75
9
2
213
1
25
21
6
429
1
56
2.099
4.695
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
TABLE VII.—Nativity
of patients admitted.
For the biennial period.
Males.
Females.
1
Holland
Italy
From the beginning.
Males.
Total.
..
. . . .
1
1
22
1
1
"9'
5
1
1
1
31
6
243
3
25
1
53
569
8
57
2
137
1
2
23
1
2
21
24
1
2
7
4
11
326
5
32
1
84
4
16
6
2
2
6
1
8
6
22
7
10
7
71
170
29
95
4
35
144
18
81
11
106
314
47
176
6
1
3
1
2
1
13
3
4
1
7
33'
17
9
1
2
50
16
4
2
9
83
33
13
3
2
8
6
1
612
10
16
12
3
1,238
4
4
42
3
4
1
'"«'
4
5
4
83
7
4
3
1
193
2
10
1
452
4
1
126
44
19
1
1
254
102
37
1
8
155
24
"'2'
128
14
2
S
"'io'
i
283
38
2
2
18
1
1
90
193
4
1
1
3
1
7
2
1
2
1
3
7
33
18
51
259
2
1
24
7
1
19
3
1
43
10
2
128
58
18
4
3
3
6
1
1
1
Utah
1
Total
10
4
1
1
i
Wales
8
8
6
2
626 »
103
3
South Dakota
Total.
1
....
Poland
Females.
1
1
1
Ohio
51
1
7
"i
i
1
1
4
10
4
27
3
258
145
5
50
3
403
2,596
2,099
4,695
1
1
22
18
2
1
40
290
215
505
2
12
1
23
2
1
6
22
RECAPITULATION.
Unascertained
Total
..
322
133
40
2,349
1,943
403
505
4,695
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
52
TABLE VIII.—Duration of disease previous to admission.
For the biennial period. .
Males.
Total
Females.
Total.
From the beginning.
Males.
Females.
Total.
58
31
14
8
19
55
17
12
7
10
113
48
26
15
29
469
248
142
45
262
389
207
127
44
169
858
455
269
89
431
42
25
23
10
60
32
20
11
20
31
74
45
34
30
91
368
212
195
132
523
314
216
205
124
304
682
428
400
256
827
290
215
505
2,596
2,099
4,695
TABLE IX.—Civil condition.
From the beginning.
For the biennial period.
Males.
Widowed
Total
. . .
Females.
Total.
Males.
Females.
Total
118
127
30
6
9
126
47
25
15
2
244
174
55
21
11
1,020
1,212
158
59
147
1,339
457
208
72
23
2,359
1,669
366
131
170
290
215
505
2,596
2,099
4,695
TABLE X.—Age of patients.
For the biennial period.
Males.
Females.
From the beginning.
Total.
Males.
Females.
Total.
16 to 20
21 to 25
26 to 30
31 to 35
2
17
25
23
30
12
22
28
29
2
29
47
51
59
17
148
267
337
280
13
113
206
278
291
30
261
473
615
571
36 to 40
41 to 45
46 to 50
51 to 55
18
33
29
27
19
24
19
15
37
57
48
42
273
271
185
168
273
229
190
131
546
500
375
299
56 to 60
61 to 70
19
36
25
6
14
22
11
33
58
36
6
129
195
128
198
105
127
73
70
234
322
201
268
290
215
505
2,596
2,099
4,695
Total
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
53
TABLE XI.—Probable exciting cause.
For the biennial period.
Females.
Males.
11
21
4
Fright
Ill-health
Phthisis
Total
2
17
From the beginning.
Total.
Males.
Females.
Total.
9
4
13
38
4
16
4
74
103
12
99
84
101
53
37
36
56
175
156
49
135
140
1
3
22
1
10
19
2
13
41
8
2
10
12
38
204
4
53
23
135
132
5
24
35
173
338
9
77
14
30
5
3
19
1
1
33
31
6
3
8
195
285
27
15
18
326
7
4
18
26
521
292
31
33
4
2
8
12
2
9
9
1
53
7
3
2
37
14
29
211
3
90
21
32
211
3
3
2
2
24
2
5
4
29
3
7
65
38
114
23
31
10
16
56
26
23
34
17
SI
94
140
5
26
7
87
2
1
16
2
83
1
6
42
9
170
3
31
147
65
694
155
5
9
116
11
507
21
5
40
263
76
1,201
176
290
215
505
2,596
2,099
4,695
2
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
54
TABLE XII.—Residence of patients admitted.
From the beginning.
For the biennial period.
Males.
Bay
.
Clare
Clinton
Females.
Total.
Males.
6
8
4
4
1
5
3
7
13
7
4
74
60
29
15
6
4
10
1
11
33
17
5
22
61
3
2
1
1
4
3
30
17
15
2
17
90
15
13
8
21
2
2
Delta
1
Gratiot
2fi
20
.
Kent
Ottawa
. . .
20
15
5
4
7
3
12
7
19
10
29
1
2
3
1
2
5
3
8
14
14
136
125
45
34
1
5
33
13
40
1
16
66
13
101
14
15
1
51
7
44
32
1
141
22
15
9
61
2
5
38
31
132
2
5
20
125
123
97
5
21
94
120
60
12
41
219
243
157
49
35
2
2
1
52
30
1
2
1
101
65
3
3
78
23
22
71
10
89
1
29
8
21
8
13
167
1
50
16
1
5
13
4
17
49
2
1
2
28
.44
3
1
6
45
93
5
28
11
106
87
53
1
13
87
57
60
1
24
193
144
113
88
88
52
39
70
31
66
21
1
158
119
118
60
1
'
10
(i
10
11
13
24
4
8
4
1
8
9
10
1
27
7
16
14
7
26
1
41
14
140
11
183
57
1
119
4
158
58
259
15
341
115
1
G
3
11
2
17
5
7
4
9
2
16
6
59
20
7
58
16
68
13
6
62
16
127
33
13
120
32
.
.
Total.
62
65
16
19
1
1
46
35
Females.
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
55
TABLE XII.—Concluded.
From the beginning.
For the biennial period.
Females.
- Males.
Hales.
Total.
1
11
10
2
7
2
9
25
21
7
15
5
1
23
1
1
20
1
65
8
107
51
7
2
57
2
25
54
27
3
122
10
132
105
215
505
2,590
2,099
4,695
3
1
4
1
1
1
2
14
1
9
290
State....
Total
Females.
8
14
11
5
8
3
1
Ft Clair
Wexford
Total.
ESTIMATES OF SPECIAL APPROPRIATIONS.
The following are the estimates of special appropriations requested
by the Board of Trustees and submitted to the State Board of Corrections and Charities for its approval:
To the State Board of Corrections and Charities:
Gentlemen: As required by section 2228, Compiled Laws of 1897. I
submit below, estimates of special appropriations requested by the Board
of Trustees of the Northern Michigan Asylum for new roof of boiler
room; for carpenter and paint shop; for cold storage room; extension
to cottage 34; for heating plant; for carriage barn; fencing; for artesian
wells; for re-roofing cottages 28 and 32; extension to laundry and
laundry machinery, enlargement of switch board, and paving of Asylum
avenue.
I.
NEW ROOF FOR BOILER ROOM.
5 iron girders or trusses, each 80 feet long
Steel beams
Gravel roof
Lumber
Brick work, labor, etc
fl,125
1(55
350
800
515
00
00
00
00
00
|2,955 00
II.
CARPENTER AND PAINT SHOP.
Excavation, 2,000 cubic yards, at 25 cents
Stone and concrete work
Gravel roof
Lumber
Doors and windows, door jams, window jams, complete
Shafting and belting
Electric motor, 30 H. P
foOO
1,000
200
500
500
500
550
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
56
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
Sewer connection
Electric wiring and electric light
fixtures
Heating and plumbing
Carpenter work, labor, nails, hinges, sash and door locks...
$150 00
100 00
600 00
900 00
$5,500 00
III.
COLD STORAGE ROOM.
Eefrigerating apparatus, etc., complete as per estimates of
the Boland Machinery Company
Enlargement and alterations in present ice house
$4,600 00
900 00
$5,500 00
IV.
EXTENSION TO COTTAGE 34.
Stone and concrete work
:
Brick work and cut stone
Window frames, glass, carpenter work, etc
V.
$100 00
200 00
200 00
HEATING PLANT.
For vacuum system, automatic temperature regulation,
radiators, etc., and installing heating system complete. .
For the proposed ventilating system
For hot-water system, heater and purifier, with circulating
pumps, complete
Boiler feed pump, one pump in duplicate of one in use
$36,960 00
26,250 00
5,200 00
630 00
$69,040 00
VI.
CARRIAGE BARN. .
Concrete and stone work
125,000 brick, at $12 per M
4,000 feet concrete floor, at 9 cents
5,000 feet matched pine flooring
5,000 feet matched ceiling
50,000 shingles, at $3.00 per M
36,000 feet lumber
10 windows, complete, at $10.00
15 windows, complete, at $3.00
6 doors and frames, at $10.00
3 doors, at $15.00
200 yards plastering, at 20 cents
1,200 yards painting, at 20 cents
Hardware, etc
Labor and carpenter work
Electric wiring and sewers
$216 00
1,500 00
360 00
125 00
125 00
150 00
570 00
100 00
45 00
60 00
45 00
40 00
240 00
300 00
624 00
500 00
$5,000 00
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
VII.
57
FENCING.
5,357 feet iron fencing, at 56 cents per foot
VIII.
f3,000 00
ARTESIAN WELLS.
2 wells, estimated cost of each f 500.00, including pipe, driving shoe, cap, etc
IX.
fl,000 00
RE-ROOFING COTTAGES 28 AND 32.
200 squares No. 1 slate laid complete
12% squares tin laid complete
f 2,000 00
100 00
.
X.
$2,100 00
LAUNDRY EXTENSION, LAUNDRY ROOF AND MACHINERY.
Concrete, brick and stone work; window frames, door
frames, doors, windows, sewers, electric lighting, plumbing, carpenter work and labor
Washing machine
Extractor
Body ironer
All completely installed.
95 squares gravel roofing
$1,025
685
375
215
00
00 ,
00
00
500 00
$2,800 00
XI.
ENLARGEMENT OF SWITCH BOARD.
Enlargement of switch board
XII.
$750 00
PAVING OF ASYLUM AVENUE.
3,000 square yards bitulithic pavement, at $2.25 per square
yard
2,000 running feet gutter, at 40 cents
$6,750 00
800 00
$7,550 00
RECAPITULATION.
New roof for boiler room .......
Carpenter and paint shop
Cold storage room
Extension to cottage 34
Heating plant
Carriage barn
Fencing
Artesian wells
Ee-roonng of cottages 28 and 32
Laundry
Enlargement of switch board
Paving of Asylum avenue
:
$2,955 00
5,500 00
5,500 00
500 00
69,040 00
5,000 00
3,000 00
1,000 00
2,100 00
2,800 00
750 00
7,550 00
Total
All of which is respectfully submitted,
$105,695 00
JAMES D. MUNSON,
Medical Superintendent.
58
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
The following is the report of the State Board of Corrections and
Charities on the above requests for appropriations:
BOARD OF CORRECTIONS AND CHARITIES,
LANSING, OCT. 29, 1908.
James D. Munson, M. D., Medical Superintendent, Northern Michigan
Asylum, Traverse City, Michigan:
Dear Sir: Your communication to the State Board of Corrections
and Charities, submitting for its consideration and opinion the proposed appropriations for the Northern Michigan Asylum for the years
1910 and 1911, was duly received. The asylum -was visited and its
conditions and needs investigated. The board has carefully considered
the appropriations proposed, and agrees in the recommendations herewith submitted notwithstanding the large amount in the aggregate.
The necessity of the institution arising from the outworn heating equipment can only be met by the installation of an entirely new pla'nt.
New roof for boiler room
f2,955 00
The present roof is worn out and a new roof seems to the Board to
be a necessity. The item is approved.
Carpenter and paint shop
$5,500 00
The need for this shop is very apparent and the board gives it approval, but in the interest of economy approves the expenditure of but
$4,000 for such purpose.
Cold storage room
$5,500 00
The present provision for cold storage is, in the judgment of the
Board, only to be condemned, and the item is approved.
Extension to cottage 34
$500 00
Approved.
Heating plant
69,040 00
The board has given this item most careful consideration and has
thoroughly examined the existing conditions, and regards the installation of a new plant as an imperative necessity. The present plant is
a peril to the institution and by reason of frequent leakage is thoroughly
unsanitary. Repairs are a constant necessity, not only entailing large
expenditure, but causing great temporary discomfort. The item is approved.
Carriage barn
Approved.
$5,000 00
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
Fencing
59>
|3,000 00
Approved to the amount of $1,500.
He-roofing of cottages 28 and 32
2,100 00
Approved.
Laundry
2,800 00
The present laundry and furnishings are entirely inadequate to meet
the demands of the asylum, and the item is approved.
Enlargement of switch board
$750 00
Approved.
Paving of Asylum avenue .
7,550 00
The Board appreciates the economic value to the asylum of a good
road-bed, but believes that the necessary expenditures involved should
receive the careful attention of the board of control, and we recommend
that this item be given further consideration and investigation by
your board. The item is, therefore, not approved.
Yours respectfully,
JOHN P. SANDERSON,
HENRY P. MOWBY,
Secretary.
Chairman.
CHAPEL SERVICES.
Religious services have been conducted by the chaplain, Rev. D.
Cochlin, assisted by Revs. Mr. Dutton, Mr. Lockhart, Mr. Canby, and
Mr. Gay, all of Traverse City.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.
The institution would again renew its thanks to the editors of the
following papers for donation of their journals for the use of the
patients:
Germania
Big Rapids Herald
Michigan State Democrat
Grand Traverse Herald
Deaf Mute Mirror
Huron Tribune
Native Copper Times
Der Sonntagsbote, of Grand Rapids
Alpena Argus
Cheboygan Tribune
Triumphs of Faith
To Mr. and Mrs. W. O. Holden, Mrs. Elsie Hannah, Senator and
Mrs. O. C. Moffat and Mr. Asa Hale, our thanks are particularly due
for contribution of periodicals and papers for the use of patients. We
would also extend our thanks to Dr. and Mrs. Benn of Bay City,
Michigan, who so kindly sang for the patients, not only in chapel but
on several of the wards.
60
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
Death for the first time entered the ranks of the staff during the
period. On the 26th day of July, 1907, Dr. James F. Ganavan, who
had been on the staff of the institution since 1899, passed away following an attack of appendicitis. The doctor came to the institution well
equipped from the University and his services on the staff were of the
highest order. He became very enthusiastic from the start in the study
of insanity, both from the clinical and from the laboratory standpoint.
His early death, with such a promising future, was a great loss to his
family and associates, and the institution has also lost a most valuable,
conscientious and efficient officer.
It is apparent to many of us that the period just closed has marked
a change from conservative asylum methods to the newer and up-todate methods of the research laboratory. I am also pleased to state
that the relations between the public and the institution and between'
the asylum and the officials of the various counties of the district, have
been cordial; all of which has been of mutual benefit.
I am under renewed obligations to the members of the staff and to
all employes of the institution for personal kindnesses. Every employe,
without exception, has put forth his best effort in the work. The trustees have been especially careful in the business management of the
institution and have taken a great personal interest in every movement
that tends to the betterment of the hospital. I believe we all feel a
personal pride and interest in the hospital. Whatever progress the asylum has achieved is very largely due to your intelligent direction.
All of which is respectfully submitted,
JAMES D. MUNSON,
Medical Superintendent.
Northern Michigan Asylum, Sept., 1908.
61
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
OFFICERS AND EMPLOYES
OF THE NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM, AND THE WAGES OR SALARIES
PAID EACH, JUNE 30, 1908, AS REQUIRED BY SECTION 2, ACT 206, LAWS 1881.
Service.
Name.
Medical superintendent
: . . . Asst. medical superintendent. .
James D. Munson
A. S.Rowley
W D Mueller
H D Purdum
R. E Wells
C L Whitnev
Demas Cochlin
T.H. A.Tregea
Chaplain
Accountant
C M Prall
A. Newman
C W Nesbitt
Chief engineer
A Hinsdill
Addie AIcMuIlen
A W Hamel
S G Howard
H Leutholtz
Clerk
Clerk
E C Kent
Effie Bixbv
Nettie Blank
,. .
L M Bigbee
piovd Bliss
Emil E Barth
C \r
E L Butler
Arline N Cook.
....
Attendant
Edna M. Crandell
Nettie Cutting.
Chas. Grouse
....
Attendant
Rate.
Period.
S3, 500
2,800
1,500
1,200
1,100
00
00
00
00
00
Per
Per
Per
Per
Per
800
1,800
200
106
50
00
00
00
00
00
Per annum. Resident.
1 ,500 00
l,b'00 00
55 00
50 00
45 00
annum. Resident.
annum. Resident.
annum. Resident.
annum. Resident.
annum. Resident.
Per annum. Non-resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
Per annum. Noil -resident.
35 00
70 00
1 000 00
50 00
33 00
50
65
31
18
28
00
00
00
00
00
18
40
29
16
24
00
00
00
00
00
27
24
28
28
24
00
00
00
00
00
28
24
44
17
18
00
00
00
00
00
24
31
18
42
17
00
00
00
00
00
20
40
20
24
18
00
00
00
00
00
Per month.
Resident.
Per month.
Resident.
STATE
62
OF MICHIGAN.
OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES—Continued.
Service.
Name.
Attendant
4lbert Coryelle
F P Downer .
George Dell
Nellie Ellsworth
Kay Elliott
Geo Fate
H Fletcher
Rose Fletcher
.1. 0. Hoppes
Attendant
Ethel Hanes
Esther Keller
IJbbie Kelley
. . .
\ Kennedy.. .
•Ubert Howard
C H Leutholtz
W Laskev .
Ole Miller
...
Rate.
Period
$24
24
26
24
17
00
00
00
00
00
29
28
32
40
28
00
00
00
00
00
24
17
20
38
38
00"
75
00
00
00
20
24
18
40
37
00
00
00
00
00
33
38
26
44
17
00
00
00
00
00
26
28
35
17
36
00
00
00
00
00
23
38
26
24
20
00
00
00
00
00
38
37
17
25
24
00
00
00
00
00
18
34
24
25
23
00
00
00
00
00
18
26
27
44
17
00
00
00
00
00
24
26
17
28
14
00
00
00
00
00
18
24
18
38
23
00
00
00
00
00
17
31
24
31
28
00
00
00
00
00
Per month.
Resident.
Per month.
Resident.
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
63
OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES.—Continued.
Attendant
Ella J Miller
Clifford Mull
R. H. McKenzie
Night supervisor
Gladvs McWharters
Attendant
.Sadie E. Nichola
Domestic
V. A. Patrick
Attendant
W Delia Pepper
"Hattie H Parr
F G Park
F G Sutherland
Sadie Scott
Hose Veit
Charlotte Smith
Rob't Tobey
Madge Tissue
Attendant
W.J.Wilson
L <V Wright
Lvllian F Walsh ...
Kunice Walsh
Hattie Walsh
Attendant
'.. Attendant
Attendant
Thomas Whitfield . .
Helen J Whitfield
William J Weiler
Lu cy Wilson
,
Attendant
Telephone operator
Chef
Baker
Georgia Baker
C J Leland
11 F Herkner
W Williamson
.
.
. .
.Joseph Kutnohorsky
EarlMcEvoy
Assistant cook
Assistant cook
Arthur Thompson
Assistant cook
Period.
Rate.
Service.
Name.
,
§18
27
17
40
46
00
50
75
00
00
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month
Per month.
17
17
21
20
20
00
00
50
00
00
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
38
14
33
34
23
00
00
00
00
00
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
40
26
17
31
26
00
00
00
00
00
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
18
20
18
17
14
00
00
00
00
00
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
17
18
26
17
24
00
00
00
00
00
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
23
17
17
IS
24
00
00
00
00
00
26
22
18
40
27
00
00
00
00
00
Per month.
Resident.
24
34
29
31
31
00
00
00
00
00
Per month.
Resident.
44
39
34
27
24
00
00
00
00
00
Per month. Non-resident.
20 00
1 100 00
70 00
56 00
15 00
20
30
24
32
33
00
00
00
00
00
30
24
35
24
40
00
00
00
00
00
Resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Non-resident. •
Non-resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Non-resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month.
Resident.
Per month.
Per month.
Resident.
Resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month.
Per month.
Resident.
Resident.
Per month.
Resident.
Per month.
Per month.
Resident.
Resident.
Per month. Resident.
STATE
04
OF MICHIGAN.
OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES.—Concluded.
Service.
Name.
Rate.
Matthew Sleder
Robert Turek
S -V Conrad . .
Geo F Dell
Charlotte Zitka
W A Western
.
. .
Iva Elliott
Ethel White
Barnrnan
Alfred Annitage
B S Sayre
Barnman
Period.
S24
30
24
24
40
00
00
00
00
00
Per
Per
Per
Per
Per
month.
month.
month.
month.
month.
Resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Non-resident.
20
17
75
35
16
00
00
00
00
00
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Resident.
Resident.
13
14
17
19
23
00
00
00
00
00
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Resident.
Resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
22
17
21
19
19
00
00
00
00
00
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident,
15
13
19
19
60
00
00
00
00
00
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident,
Per month. Non-resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
Per month Non-resident.
33
31
30
34
34
00
00
00
00
00
Per month. Non-resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
29 00
32 00
31 00
29 00
1 75
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per day.
E Stanwick
2 00
50 00
1 75
50 00
40 00
Per day.
Non-resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
Per day.
Non-resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
Per month. Resident.
ffhos Dumbrille
60 00
50 00
35 00
60 00
1 75
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
Per day.
Non-resident.
W Wildfong . . .
\ Leache .
.
.
Fred E. Davis
Teamster
B. P. Hawkins
M Nolan . .
Assistant engineer
Albert Truka
Peter Hkluzak
H Bu trick
C C Cooper
... -
3 H McMiehael
T B King
Y Na^el
Painter
Laborer
Thos. Pilkington
Pig pens
Teamster
V G Lockwood
Henry Brown
Teamster
-.
Resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Non-resident.
1 75
1 75
2 25
1 50
1 75
Per day.
Per day.
Per day.
Per day.
Per day.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
4
2
2
2
2
50
25
25
25
70
Per
Per
Per
Per
Per
day.
day.
day.
day.
day.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
2 70
2 25
1 75
45 00
34 00
31 00
Per
Per
Per
Per
Per
Per
day. Non-resident.
day. Non-resident.
day. Non-resident.
month. Resident.
month. Non-resident.
month. Non-resident.
31
31
30
29
29
29
29
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Resident..
Resident.
APPENDIX.
APPENDIX.
The asylums of Michigan are organized and governed under Organic law.
an act known as Act 217, Laws of 1903. This act has for its
title "An Act to revise and consolidate the laws organizing
asylums for the insane, and to regulate the care, management
and use thereof, and to provide for the apprehension of persons believed to be insane, and for their care and custody."
The above act was modified in no essential respect as regards commitment of patients by the Laws of 1907, but Section 72, Public Acts of 1907, contains very important provisions regarding the care of persons who are not legal residents of the State of Michigan. The act is too long to
justify its insertion, but all officers and persons interested
in the commitment of patients, whose residence is in doubt,
are requested to study the different sections of this act.
The government of asylums is vested in boards of trustees Government.
appointed by the Governor. (Section 3.)
The State is divided into districts by the Joint Board of Asylum
Trustees. (Section 8.) The counties comprising the district districts.
of the Northern Michigan Asylum are:
Alpena
Antrim
Arenac
Alcona
Benzie
Charlevoix
Clare
Crawford
Cheboygan
Emmet
Gladwin
Grand Traverse
Gratiot
Isabella
losco
Ionia
Kalkaska
Lake
Leelanau
Manistee
Mason
Mecosta
Midland
Missaukee
Montcalm
Montmorency
Muskegon
Newaygo
Oceana
Ogemaw
Osceola
Otsego
Oscoda
Presque Isle
Eoscommon
Wexford
Provision is made by Section 7 for the transfer of patients Transfer from
from one asylum to another when conditions make such trans- Bother*"01 to
fer desirable.
68
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
A patient is not to be committed to an asylum of a district other than that of which he is a resident, unless the
court adjudicates that there is no room in the latter, and that
there is in the former. (Section 8.)
Classes of
Patients are divided into three classes: Public patients,
patients.
private patients, and voluntary patients. (Section 13.)
Voluntary
Voluntary patients are patients who are not insane. They
patients.
are kept and maintained without expense to the State, but
cannot be received so long as there may be applications for
the admission of public or private patients not cared for because of lack of room. In other words, there must be room
for all others seeking admission before any voluntary patients
can be received.
I'ublic and
Both public and private patients can be received only on
private
an order from a probate court declaring the patient insane
patients.
and stating the method of support,—whether public or priOrder void
after thirty
vate. Such an order is void unless patient is sent to the asydays
lum within thirty days after it is issued. (Section 16.)
Bonds.
Besides the order of commitment from the court, there
must accompany a private patient a bond guaranteeing the
payment of his bills. The law (Section 16) makes it incumbent upon the court to see that this bond is furnished.
Advance
Until this bond is furnished the patient is regarded as a
payment.
public charge. There is also required an advance payment
of fifty dollars. Future payments are made at the close of
each quarter.
. New bonds.
ISiew bonds may be called for at any time by the medical
superintendent, and the law requires the court to see that
such new bonds are provided. (Section 16.)
Temporary
P'rovision is made (Section 16) for the reception of both
orders.
public and private patients on temporary orders wherever
conditions demand immediate attention.
Transfer from
Section 21 provides for the transfer of a patient from priprivate to
public.
vate expense to public expense where conditions warrant such
a change.
Non-resident.
Section 30 provides for the temporary reception and care of
insane who are not residents of this State.
Provisional
Section 32 provides for the return to the asylum without a
discharge and
reaclmission of new order of patients who have been discharged on trial,
patients.
where the duration of the temporary absence does not exceed
six months.
Insane women
The attention of county officers is particularly called to the
to he accompanied by female provisions of Section 40 regarding the state of bodily cleanliattendant.
ness and the clothing of patients brought to the asylum, and
more particularly to that clause of the section providing for
a female attendant for insane women.
Removal of
In conveying a patient to the asylum do not deceive him.
patients from
home.
Truth should not be compromised by professing a visit to the
institution, and, on arrival, suggesting to the patient the idea
of staying, when his admission has already been decided upon;
nor should patients be induced to come and "stay a few days
to see how they like it,'' under the impression that they can
Insane to be
committed to
asylum of
their district.
APPENDIX.
69
leave at pleasure. This course not only destroys confidence
in friends, but also in the officers of the asylum, by giving
patients an impression that they are parties to the deception.
Removal to the asylum should never be attempted- when the
patient is much prostrated or laboring under severe bodily
illness, and care should lie taken that the excitement attending acute mental disease be not mistaken for physical
strength.
As friends of patients are often in doubt as to what articles clothing,
of clothing it is necessary to provide the following suggestions are made:
Male patients require 3 new shirts, 1 new and substantial
coat and vest, 2 pairs of pantaloons, 3 pairs socks, 2 pairs
drawers, 2 undershirts, 1 hat or cap, 1 cravat, 3 collars, 6
handkerchiefs, 1 pair of shoes or boots, 1 pair slippers, 1
overcoat.
Female patients should have 3 calico dresses, 3 chemies, 3
pairs drawers, 4 pairs hose, 3 night-dresses, 3 cotton-flannel
skirts, 6 handkerchiefs, 4 collars, I pair shoes, 1 pair slippers,
1 shawl or cloak, 1 hat, hood or nubia, 4 aprons.
The outfit should be liberal when circumstances permit. As
nearly all the patients go regularly into the open air each day,
it is desirable that they be furnished with clothing of a character to enable them to go comfortably in all weather, and
also to appear at little social gatherings.' When desired, articles of clothing, etc., will be furnished at the institution.
Jewelry should not be brought with patients. If such articles
are left in their possession the asylum cannot l>e responsible
for their safe keeping.
All letters concerning patients, from individuals having correspondthe right to make inquiry, will be answered at once; and
friends are promptly advised of any severe illness, accident,
or event of moment or interest. The postoffice and telegraphic addresses of one correspondent in each case are recorded, to whom such communications are sent. Letters are
frequently received to which replies cannot be mailed, for the
reason that the postoffice address is not clearly given. A little care on the part of friends will often save them disappointment and the asylum unmerited censure. Information
concerning inmates will not be given to casual visitors, except at the written request of friends.
Where relatives of patients desire friends who are not mem- visiting
bers of the family to visit patients, they should, in every in- patientsstance, furnish these friends with a letter of introduction,
authorising the interview.
Application for admission should be made before the patient Application
7
T , i
n
i
ii i
«n t
f
. 1 - 1 , 1 for admission
is brought
to the
asylum.
A* blank
will
be furnished
the Of patients.
friends which provides for a complete history of the patient's
trouble.
All correspondence in reference to patients should be addressed to Dr. James D. Munson, Northern Michigan Asylum,
Traverse City.
INDEX.
PAGE.
Accounts, classification of
Accounts, current
Acknowledgments
Additional buildings, recommendations for
Additional buildings, built
Admission of private patients
Admission of indigent and pauper patients
Admissions and discharges
Age of patients. Table
Appropriations, report on
Artesian wells
Barns
Boiler feed pumps
Carpenter and paint shop
Civil conditions. Table
Classification. Table
Correspondence
Cost of maintenance
*
Clothing
Chapel services
Cold storage room
Deaths, causes, etc
Duration of disease. Table
Estimates of special appropriations
Extension to cottage 34
Extension of laundry
Exciting causes. Table
Farm and garden products
Farm and garden
Fencing
Form of disease. Table
Government of asylum
Heredity. Table
Heating plant
Hot water system
Improvements
Improvement of Asylum avenue
Increase of patients
Inventory, summary of
Movement of population. Table
Nativity of patients. Table
,
Names of officers and employees, etc
•
26
26-29
59
11
32
68
68
37
52
12-14
19
56
18
14
52
43
69
10
69
59
15
38-41
52
55
15
19
53
34
20
18
45
67
49
15
18
11
19
10-11
35
36
51
61-64
72
INDEX.
Needs of the asylum
'.
Officers
Occupations. Table
.•
Report of trustees
Report of treasurer
Report of medical superintendent
Report of steward
Report of auditing committee
Report of State Board of Corrections and Charities
Removal of patients to asylum
Roof for boiler room
Re-roofing of cottages
Receipts and disbursements
Residence of patients. Table
Recapitulation
Special appropriations
Support of patients by counties
Switch board, enlargement of
Ventilating system
PAGE.
14
3, 5, 6, 21
50
7-21
22-25
36-60
30-33
29
58-59
68
14
19
21
54
20
12-14
9
19
17
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
TRAVERSE CITY
JUNE 30, 1908
BY AUTHORITY.
LANSING, MICHIGAN
WYNKOOP HALLENBECK CRAWFORD COMPANY, STATE PRINTERS
1908
OFFICERS OF THE NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
TRUSTEES.
THOS. T. BATES
H. C. DAVIS
W. W. MITCHELL
A. F. TEMPLE
M. F. QUAINTANCE
W. LLOYD
TRAVERSE CITY
TRAVERSE CITY
CADILLAC
MUSKEGON
PETOSKEY
MANISTEE
RESIDENT OFFICERS.
JAMES D. .MUNSON, M. D
A. S. ROWLEY, M. D
W. D. MUELLER, M. D
]
BEATRICE STEVENSON, M. D.
}•
H. D. PURDUM, M. D
R. E. WELLS, M. D
MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENT
ASST. MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENT
ASST. PHYSICIANS
NON-RESIDENT OFFICERS.
C. L. WHITNEY
'.
W. P. MANTON, M. D
STEWARD
DETROIT, MICH., GYNECOLOGIST
CHAPLAIN.
REV. D. COCHLIN
,
TRAVERSE CITY
TREASURER.
SAMUEL GARLAND..
.TRAVERSE CITY
OFFICERS OF THE NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM FROM ITS
ORGANIZATION IN 1881.
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS APPOINTED TO SELECT SITE FOR THE
MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
Date of appointment.
Retired.
Work of board completed Sept 30 1882
1881
1881
1881
M.H.Butler
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
Detroit.
APPOINTED TO ERECT THE- NORTHERN
ASYLUM.
Name.
Date of appointment.
1881
1881
1881
1881
1885
Residence.
Name.
NORTHERN
Residence.
MICHIGAN
Retired.
1885.
M H Butler
H. H. Rilev
Thos.T. Bates
St. Joseph.
Traverse City
Vice Perry Hannah.
The work of the building commission was finished Nov. 10, 1886.
MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
Date of
appointment.
Name.
Term
expires.
President
from to
Traverse City
Detroit
Three Rivers
Traverse City
Elk Rapids.
1887
1887
1889
1913
1897
1885 to 1886.
1891
1893 •
1899
1897 to 1899.
1891
1895
Residence.
1885
1885
1885
1885
1885
C. M. Wells
1885
1887
1887
1889
1891
Geo. A. Fair
Varnum B. Cochran
C.L.Whitney
Muskegon
1891...
1889
1895
1897
1897
H.C.Davis
G A Hart
Traverse City
1889
1901
1901
1902
H. D.Campbell
W.W.Mitchell
H D Birgham . .
D. B. Butler
Traverse City
Cadillac
1901
1910
1901
1903
1901
1903
1905
1907
G. A. Hart
A. F. Temple
M F Quaintance
William Lloyd
Manistee
Muskegon
Petoskev
Manistee
1907
1908
1911
1913
,1 W. French
Thos. T. Bates
H.H. Noble
Cadillac
C F Backus . . .
1908
1897
1901
1901
1905
1885 to 1892.
1892 to 1897.
1899 to 1902.
Remarks.
Present member.
Deceased.
Resigned.
Present member.
Resigned.
Resigned.
Ad. interim appt.
Present member.
Resigned.
1902 to 1907.
Present member.
Present member.
Present member.
Medical Superintendent :
James D. Munson, M. D., 1885.
Assistant Medical Superintendents:
J. H. Dawson, M. D.—1885 to 1890. Resigned.
C. G. Chaddock, M. D.—1890 to 1892. Resigned.
A. S. Rowley, M. D.—1895
.
Assistant Physicians:
C. G. Chaddock, M. D.—1885 to 1890. Promoted to Assistant Superintendency.
W. M. Stone, M. D.—1886 to 1891. Resigned to accept the Assistant Superintendency of the Michigan Asylum for the Insane.
Henry Hulst, M. D.—1888 to 1889.
I. L. Harlow, M. D.—1889 to 1891.
G. C. Crandall, M. D.—1890 to 1894.
A. S. Rowley, M. D.—1891 to 1895. Promoted to Assistant Superintendency.
M. Rockwell, M. D.—1891 to 1892.
G. G. Speer, M. D.—1892 to 1896.
Robert Howell, M. D.—1893 to 1898.
H. J. Kennedy, M. D.—1894 to 1895.
L. C. Stillings, M. D.—1894 to 1895.
E. L. Niskern, M. D.—1895 to 1898.
G. L. Noyes, M. D.—1895 to 1900.
G. B. Furness, M. D.—1896 to 1897.
F. P. Lawton, M. D—1898 to 1901.
C. A. Good, M. D.—1898 to 1900.
Fonda Nadeau, M. D.—1898 to 1899.
J. F. Canavan, M. D.—1899 to 1907. Died.
D. L. Harris, M. D.—1899 to 1899.
W. D. Mueller, M. D.—1900.
Minta P. Kemp, M. D.—1900 to 1903.
W. J. Kirkbride, M. D—1901 to 1902.
F. H. Newberry, M. D.—1902 to 1904.
Beatrice A. Stevenson, M. D.—1903 •
.
B. F. Sargeant, M. D.—1904 to 1905.
H. D. Purdum, M. D.—1906
.
R. E. Wells, M. D—1907 •
.
TITLE AND ADDRESS.
THE NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
TRAVERSE CITY,
Grand Traverse County, Michigan.
ESTABLISHMENT.
The Northern Michigan Asylum for the Insane was organized in 1881, and
located at Traverse City, Mich. Its first cost was $522,430.68, and its present
value is 1955,221.20. The property consists of 42 buildings, occupying a tract or
land containing 728 acres. It cares for 1,337 patients.
REPOET OF THE BOAED OF TEUSTEES.
To the Governor and Legislature of the State of Michigan:
The trustees of the Northern Michigan Asylum have the honor to
siibmit their report for the biennial period ending June 30, 1908, together with the reports of the medical superintendent, treasurer and
steward.
The board held twenty-three regular meetings during the period.
The last year required most careful attention, owing to the high prices
of supplies which prevailed and the low per diem rate which was charged
for the maintenance of patients. Although the net cost of maintenance exceeded the 48 cents per day allowed for each patient, yet no
deficiency appropriation will be required, since the working capital of
the institution has been sufficient to take care of the loss. The increased cost in maintenance, besides the higher prices paid for supplies,
was due to the greater amounts spent in repairs, or the up keep of the
asylum during the period. Greater attention than ever was given to
the purchase of foods and to their economic preparation, and the standard of living was not lowered.
As required by law, a committee of trustees has regularly inspected
the asylum each month, and a written report of its findings and recommendations is submitted to the board at each regular meeting.
We have only words of commendation for the officers and employes
who have so faithfully and efficiently carried out the work of the asylum. We would especially commend the newer and better clinical
methods, since we believe they have made the medical treatment more
comprehensive and brought about an increased number of cures. The
examination of patients is thorough, is oftentimes of extreme value to the
patient and always of scientific interest.
A training school was established two years ago and the first class
of twenty-four was graduated in June, 1908. This measure marks another step forward in the care of the insane. As in the medical care
so with the nursing of insane minds, the modern spirit demands the
best trained doctors and nurses to care and direct the insane.
Another step forward in the interest of economy as well as the greater
welfare of patients is promised in the greater attention to dietetics.
This insures better preparation of food, greater economy in food supplies, a greater variety of foods, and trains or educates the nurses as
well as willing workers in the art of dietetic science. The advantages
of this department are manifested by greater contentment among patients
and enthusiasm on the part of employes. It fosters more faithful per-
8
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
vice and greater efficiency in the performance of lionseliold duties as well
as in the duties of the sick-room.
The period just closed will mark the transition from the asylum, with
its conservatism, routinism and unscientific methods, to the hospital in
the widest sense of the word, where.every patient is studied and brought
in the closest observation of trained doctors and nurses. Everyone
who has watched the trend of the care of the insane in Michigan knows
that with the advent of the Psychopathic Ward at Ann Arbor, the study
and treatment of mental diseases has rapidly advanced. A mental
clinic is held nearly every morning, at which every new case is presented,
and at which all forms of diseased conditions are presented and discussed.
This has been of value to patients, and stimulating to greater efforts
on the part of the staff and brings the doctors, nurses and patients
in that relationship which is of the highest interest and value to all.
We have watched the scientific growth of the work and believe that more
patients are improved and cured than ever before; that mental diseases
are better understood, and that the atmosphere of the institution is
one of activity and interest and that all that pertains to the welfare
of its people.
We are glad to report that the hospital was free from epidemic diseases during the period and that no violent deaths from homicide or
suicide occurred.
One patient was transferred to the State Hospital at Ionia, by direction of the Governor, and one patient was transferred to the Eastern
Michigan Asylum at Pontiac, and one patient was deported to his home
in Europe, by authority of the United States government.
The institution has been able to care for all patients within its
boundaries. As a rule commitments have been prompt, and as a result
the recovery rate has been greater than ever before. There were eleven
less women patients in the institution on June 30, 1908, than there were
June 30, 1906, and the gain in male patients during the same time
was forty.
We regret to report that the department for men is overcrowded; but
are pleased to say that the hospital will be able to receive all patients
until the new wing, which is under construction, is completed.
The number of patients treated during the period was: Men, 290;
women, 215; total, 505. There were thirty-six less admissions than during the preceding two years.
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
The several counties committed patients as follows:
7
Alpena
Antrim
13
7
Arenac .
4
Alcona
Beuzie .
10
0
Bay .
oo
Charlevoix
4
Clare
3
Crawford
Clieboygau
. . . . 17
21
Emmet
2
Genesee
-1
Gladwin
46
Grand Traverse
Gratiot
. . . 35
Isabella . .
. . .
12
7
Tosco
29
Ionia . . . .
...
0
•Ta ckson
3
Kalkaska
1
Kent
. . .
Lake
.... 5
Leelanau
. . . 13
No legal settlement
State .
Manistee
Mason
Mecosta .
Midland • • •
Missaukee
Montcalm
Moutmorencv
Muskegon
Newavgo
Ottawa
Oceana
Ogeinaw
Osceola
Otsego
Oscoda
Presque Isle .
Roscommon
Shiawassee
Saginaw . . .
St. Glair
Wexford . .
Wayne
....
28
16
24
8
9
26
1
41
14
0
17
£i
16
6
0
4
1
0
o
0
2.°,
1
1
0
Of the 505 patients admitted:
25 had been confined in county-houses.
30 had been confined in jails.
10 had been treated in other asylums.
60 were said to have been destructive.
20 had attempted or threatened suicide.
15 were homicidal or had threatened homicidal assaults.
23 had been confined or restrained at home.
The number of patients confined in county-houses, jails and other
asylums exceeded the last biennial period by 17, the number of suicidal
cases was less by 15, and the number of homicidal cases was greater by
6. Since June 30, 1892. these statistics have been regularly kept, and
show out of a total of 3,211 admissions:
119
364
221
392
300
460
352
( 3.7%)
(11.3%)
( 6.8%)
(12.2%)
( 9.3%)
(14.2%)
(10.9%)
were confined in county-houses.
had been confined in jails.
had been treated in other asylums.
were destructive.
were suicidal.
were homicidal.
required some sort of restraint at home.
These statistics may be without practical value, but are sufficiently
10
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
extensive to establish the averages to be anticipated for the conditions
stated in the insane of this district at least.
COST OF MAINTENANCE.
The daily cost of maintenance per patient for the last 23 years has
been as follows:
Cents.
1886
53
1887
52
1888
51
1889
50
1890
49
1891
49
1892
48
1893
48
1894
48
1895
47
1896
46
1897
44
1898
42
1899
44
1900
44
1901
,
44
1902
44
1903 (The above exclusive of officers' salaries).... 44
1904 (Inclusive of officers' salaries)
48
1905 (Inclusive of officers' salaries)
49
1906 (Inclusive of officers' salaries)
48
1907 (Inclusive of officers' salaries)
47
1908 (Inclusive of officers' salaries)
48
•
INCREASE OF PATIENTS.
The average yearly net increase of patients for a period of 20% years
has been 45.1. The net increase of patients for the district for the
period ending June 30, 1908, was 40.
There were 476 patients discharged during the period, 250 men and
226 women. Of this number 95 were discharged recovered, 106 improved, 51 unimproved, and 224 died. The percentage of recoveries on
the whole number under treatment was 5.2 per cent; on the number
admitted 18.8 per cent.
The death rate 77 per thousand 1906-07, and in 1907-08, 66 per thousand.
The readmissions for the period were, men, 41; women, 28; total, 69.
The readmissions from the beginning have been, men, 237; women, 211;
total, 448,—hence the total number of admissions, 4,695, represents
4,247 individuals.
The daily average number of patients for the period was 1,314. The
number of weeks spent in the institution by patients was 136,656.
This was an increase of 77 in the daily average, and an increase of
7,607 weeks' board over the preceding period.
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
11
On June 30, 1908, there were 1,328 patients under treatment at State
expense and 25 at private expense.
There were 267 persons employed at the asylum on June 30, 1908, in
the positions and at the wages given in the schedule accompanying this
report.
ORDINARY REPAIRS AND IMPROVEMENTS.
During the period many necessary and important improvements were
made. The cost of repairs for the vear ending June 30, 1907, was
120,511.69, and for the year ending June 30, 1908, $30,653.03. The
expenditures exceeded the preceding period by $20,632.97. The greater
part of this excess was due to repairs and additions in the boiler room
and heating appliances. The heating plant is antiquated and practically
worn out.
When the placing of the boiler, for which an appropriation was available, had to be determined it was found that to locate it in line with
the other boilers would not only use up much of the room used for storage of fuel, but would also make the conveying of coal to it and to the
other boilers awkward and expensive and would also necessitate the
construction of a new breeching to the smoke stack; all of which would
have to be done again in the near future. Before deciding upon the
location of the new boiler it was decided to employ Mr. J. E. Allen,
of the firm of Brush, Allen & Anderson, architects of Detroit, Mich.,
to look over the plant and to recommend to the board the most economical method of locating and setting the boiler and arranging the boiler
room, so that additional boilers could be erected without further expense for space, etc., in the room. Mr. Allen presented plans which incorporated these ideas and which also provided for a mechanical method
of handling fuel. These plans, which after most careful deliberation
were adopted, necessitated the re-setting of the old boilers and changing from an unwieldy, complicated system of heating to a simple, upto-date method. The cost of the changes necessiated in carrying out
these plans was considerable, but in reality the cost was not much
greater than would have been incurred had the new boiler been located
outside the boiler house and a new room built for it and new breeching
to connect it with the smoke stack. In either case the machinery for
conveying coal and ashes would have been imperative unless the cost
of labor for doing this work was no object.
In addition to these"improvements the farm house was enlarged sufficiently to provide accommodations for the teamsters and all help employed in carrying on the farm operations. This improvement was
indispensable from the fact that the help's hall in the administration
building was too small to provide room for the greatly increased number of helpers during the last few years. We can scarcely realize ourselves how rapid has been the growth of the asylum population. This
provision of a separate farm house has proved economical, not only in
cost of maintenance; but in the facilitation of carrying out the farm
work .and team work of the institution. Formerly the men had to
walk from the barns to the administration building for their meals,
a distance of one-half mile, which consumed much time as well as
adding much to the labors of the men.
The greenhouse boiler, which had been used sixteen years, developed
12
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
a leak and when an attempt was made to replace the defective part all
the other sections of the boiler resented the interference and went
to pieces. A new boiler became imperative as the greenhouse contents
were too valuable to be allowed to waste for lack of heat. Consequently
a new boiler was installed in the place of the old one, but the cost,
$560.62, was not allowed in the Auditors Department, and your honorable body should pass an act enabling the institution to pay this money
from its current expense fund.
Owing to the toppling over of the greenhouse chimney during a wind
storm a portion of the middle section of the greenhouse was destroyed and
necessitated quite a large outlay to repair the damage done.
We would also report that as the institution was without storage
room for coal and that during the last few years the fuel was thrown
in heaps about the institution at a great loss from rain and snow and
from increased cost of handling, it was decided to enlarge the old
coal bunker, which held about seven hundred tons, to a capacity of
twenty-five hundred tons. These concrete bunkers, with the exception of
the roof, were built by patient labor, and the roof which is also used for
a driveway, was superintended by Mr. Knapp of the Trussed Concrete
Steel Company of Detroit, Mich.
We would most earnestly invite your honorable body and all persons
interested to inspect these improvements, and ask approval of them.
The ordinary repairs have been very numerous, chief among which
has been the replacing of kitchen and toilet room wood floors, wherever
decayed, by tile floors. The cost of renovation of wards, painting of
woodwork both inside and out, repair of roofs, etc., has been unusually
great, but not greater than is to be expected in so large a plant. ,
SPECIAL APPROPRIATION, 82,000.00.
This appropriation was made by the legislature of 1905, to repair
the reservoir. Several artesian wells have been sunk in connection with
it, and its efficiency has been greatly increased thereby. There still remains in the hands of the treasurer credited to this fund $1,287.22.
This balance will be used in the near future in general repair work
to the reservoir and in connecting it with the fire mains.
,
SPECIAL APPROPRIATION, S2.500.00.
The legislature of 1905 appropriated this sum to improve the fire
protection, to "enlarge and extend the mains and to connect same
with the water mains of Traverse City." The work has been completed
with the exception of connecting the asylum and city mains. The
money originally appropriated was not sufficient to complete the work
and the legislature of 1907 authorized the Auditor General to transfer
the special appropriation of $1,000 for a telephone system, to the fund
for additional fire protection. The work will be completed within the
near future. There still remains in the hands of the treasurer to the
credit of this fund the sum of $1,796.95.
SPECIAL APPROPRIATION, $2,500.00.
This appropriation was passed by the last legislature for additions
to the store. We are glad to report that the additions have been com-
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
13
pleted as contemplated by the act, and within the amount appropriated
for the purpose. The enlargement of the store has greatly increased
its efficiency, and also has lessened the cost of caring for the large
stock of groceries, clothing and general supplies that has to be carried
to meet the needs of the hospital.
SPECIAL APPROPRIATION, $1,200.00.
This sum was appropriated by the last legislature for the removal of
the piggeries to a site just south of the farm barns. The buildings
have been moved and repaired, and within the amount appropriated for
the purpose.
SPECIAL APPROPRIATION, $2,100.00.
This appropriation was granted by the last legislature for the construction of an additional section to the greenhouse. We are glad to
report that the new section has been completed, and within the amount
appropriated. The building is constructed of cement and iron, the
only wood used in its construction being the rafters which support
the glass of the roof. The walls, the supports and the benches are of
concrete, and the building presents an exceedingly attractive appearance. This department is of vast service to the institution as it enables it to have a constant supply of vegetables nearly the year around.
SPECIAL APPROPRIATION, $2,300.00.
This appropriation was passed by the last legislature, to be added
to the sum of |2,500 appropriated by the legislature of 1905, for the
purchase of a water tube boiler and automatic stoker. We would respectfully report that a Stirling boiler of 400 H. P. capacity, and a
Detroit stoker, were purchased at a cost of $5,300. This amount exceeded the appropriation by $500. This additional expense was not
authorized until after the advice of heating experts had been secured.
The board did not deem it wise to install a smaller unit than 400 H.
P.. as the space to be occupied by the boiler was too valuable not to be
used to its full extent. It should be stated that the stoker cost $700
more than was estimated. The boiler and stoker have been in operation
about a year, and have proved so satisfactory that we are assured
that the added expenditure has been more than justified. It cannot
be stated at this time whether the several appropriations will be more
than sufficient to meet all the improvements contemplated by the act,
and that there will not be a surplus left in one or the other of them
sufficient to meet the deficiency in the appropriation for the boiler
and stoker.
SPECIAL APPROPRIATION, $1,200.00,
This appropriation was granted by the last legislature for a new dry
room for the laundry. WTe are glad to say that the apparatus was purchased for the amount named in the appropriation.
SPECIAL APPROPRIATION, $500.00.
This appropriation was passed by the last legislature for the purchase
of books and musical instruments. There has thus far been expended
3
14
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
$175 on account of musical instruments. The balance is in the hands
of the treasurer and will be expended from time to time for additions
to the library.
SPECIAL APPROPRIATION, $6,000.00.
This appropriation was authorized by the last legislature for the
purchase of 60 acres of land adjoining the asylum property. The
land was purchased from the Hannah & Lay Company, and the State
came into possession of it in the spring of 1907. It is a valuable addition to the farm and is well adapted for fruit raising as well as other
general farm purposes.
SPECIAL APPROPRIATION,
$90,000.00.
This appropriation was made by the last legislature for an extension
to the south wing, $45,000, and an extension to the north wing, f45,000.
We would respectfully report that these buildings are in process of
construction. They are planned to be up-to-date hospitals in every
respect, including heat, light, ventilation, special diet kitchens, offices
for doctors and stenographers, hydrotherapeutic rooms, mortuary rooms,
electric elevators, etc. There has been spent on account of extension
to the south wing $4,954.99, and on account of extension to the north
wing $7,266.60. There remains in the hands of the treasurer to the
credit of appropriation for extension to south wing $40,045.01, and to
the credit of extension to north wing $37,733.40.
NEEDS OF THE
ASYLUM.
There are many needed repairs and betterments for the institution
which are imperative and which your honorable body is respectfully
requested to provide for. We would recall to you that the institution
is nearing a quarter century of continuous work and growth, and in
order to keep it in condition almost constant repairs and betterments
are required.
ROOF FOR BOILER ROOM.
The roof over the boiler room is too low, in some places not clearing
the boilers, and dormer windows have been constructed in it to house
the valves of the main steam pipes. The roof is a wooden one and
is a constant menace by fire to the safety of the institution. This roof
should be replaced with an iron one, not only to lessen the danger
from fire, but to increase the usefulness of the plant. In its present
condition it is difficult to get at and in case of accident serious consequences might result. We would respectfully request of your honorable body an appropriation of $2,955.00 for the purpose of replacing
this roof.
CARPENTER AND PAINT SHOP.
Your honorable body is respectfully requested to appropriate the
sum of $5,500 to be used in the construction of a carpenter and paint
shop for the use of the institution. From the beginning of the asylum
the blacksmith shop and the carpenter shop have been associated in small
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
15
rooms connected to the engine and boiler rooms. They are too small for
either purpose. There is loss in time and money and in the waste that
is inseparable from lack of storage room. The carpenter shop is too
small for any amount of modern machinery. There is a small planer in
it, but in order to use it the lumber often has to be passed out through
a window, as there is not sufficient space in the room to handle a
long board. There has never been a proper place to care for lumber,
for carpenter utensils, for paints, oils and glass, for lockers for workmen, for merchandise such as is used in these departments, and no
place in which the blacksmith or engineering departments can store
and properly care for the thousand and one fittings that have to be
carried in stock. It is almost imperative in the interest of economy
and of safety from fire to have a building for a carpenter and paint
shop and a general storeroom for material used in-these departments,
and located at a safe distance from the main building. The present
blacksmith shop and carpenter shop can be converted into a blacksmith
shop and store room for engineering materials.
COLD STORAGE ROOM.
Many years ago a small building was constructed just outside of
the kitchen building for keeping meats, milk, butter, eggs and other
supplies. This building was arranged with ice storage overhead and
cold storage below. It has never been satisfactory and the institution
has never been able to stock, during the low prices of spring and
summer, with butter, eggs aiid other food supplies. Many plans have been
suggested and carried out for improving this store room, but all have
proved failures. We believe that the only remedy is to erect a cold
storage plant, similar to the one at the State Hospital at Ionia, and
other institutions, in which the temperature can be regulated and the
conditions of ventilation controlled, and in which food supplies can be
kept for almost an indefinite period. For this purpose you are respectfully requested to grant an appropriation of $5,500.
EXTENSION TO COTTAGE THIRTY-FOUR.
This cottage was built to accommodate 50 patients, but by enlarging
the dining room and making a few alterations in its general arrangement, 75 patients can be comfortably cared for in it. We would respectfully request an appropriation of $500 to enlarge the dining room
to accommodate 75 people.
HEATING PLANT.
The heating plant exclusive of the boilers is antiquated and mnchof it is beyond repair. The heating and ventilation of the building
are combined, the latter being by the natural method. It has been found
by experience that this is an expensive method of heating as well as
a very uncertain one so far as ventilation is concerned. It probably costs
twice as much to heat the building as it should,- and the ventilation
is imperfect in portions of the building, depending largely on atmospheric conditions. Brush, Allen & Anderson, architects of Detroit,
16
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
Mich., were employed to examine the plant and to prepare plans and
furnish estimates of the cost of re-arranging the heating, ventilating
and hot-water systems of the institution with the most up-to-date systems. The following is their report, which is respectfully submitted:
BRUSH, ALLEN & ANDERSON
ENGINEERS
1330-32 Penobscot Building
DETROIT
August 21, 1908.
Board of Trustees, Traverse City, Michigan:
Gentlemen: We beg herewith to submit our report upon the necessary immediate changes required in the mechanical equipment at your
institution.
The reasons for considering a change of the present heating system
are as follows:
1st. The present system does not adequately heat the buildings, and
provision should be made to take care of this difficulty.
2nd. The present system has exhausted itself in part, and will require constant and excessive repairing annually from now on.
3rd. The present system does not serve as a consistent ventilating
system, and proper ventilation is by no means secured.
4th. The present system is extravagant in the extreme regarding
the expense of operation in comparison with results given.
These conditions are going to require a continual expenditure in
patching up, repairing and making temporary arrangements to give
more adequate results. The ultimate expense of these changes will
become very great year by year. Providing it is possible to make the
investment in an entire new system immediately, the total cost in the
long run will be much less than the running expense of constantly
patching up the old system, especially when considering the benefits of
economy realized providing the system is rectified.
PRESENT HEATING & VENTILATING SYSTEM IN MAIN BUILDING.
The present system consists of indirect radiators located in the basement, these being connected by flues to the various halls. The system
was provided with two long tunnels connecting the basement from
power house at which location a large steam "driven fan was provided,
the fan to deliver fresh air into basement. The use of this fan is entirely impractical and the result has been that it was never used, having been abandoned shortly after the plant was installed. Air is
supposed to enter the basement through open windows or the equivalent,
pass through the indirect radiators where it is heated and after being
heated rises through flues into the building where it is supposed to
provide ventilation and warm the building by means of its excess
heat. This means that the ventilation of the rooms is dependent upon
the amount of heating required, that is, on cold days an excessive
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
17
amount of air would be necessary to heat the rooms, while on moderate
days the same amount of air would overheat them, consequently, as
less heat is demanded the ventilation must be proportionately reduced.
As applied to modern practice, this principle is obviously incorrect,
as the ventilation should be constant and provide fresh air irrespective
of the degree of heating required.
All power for circulating air for ventilating purposes must be derived from the tendency of heated air to rise in the flues after passing
the radiators. This force is entirely inadequate to circulate sufficient
air for ventilation. On account of the failure of the fan system and
its inability to properly supply the basement, instead of drawing fresh
air from the basement proper, the flues tend to draw air down the
shorter flues and up the long ones; this simply passes the foul air
of one room into another room which is a decidedly objectionable feature,
for instance, air from the tuberculosis section may be distributed
through a large part of the building. In addition, we find the radiation
provided is inadequate to heat, and even meagerly ventilate the building which would account for your statement that it is necessary for
the patients to resort to overcoats in cold weather.
The present system has been in constant operation for twenty-four
years, and through corrosion the piping is constantly leaking and giving out. This renders the system so unreliable as to put it in danger
of becoming inoperative Avhen required. A large part of the system
would have to be replaced immediately to make it reliable. Under these
conditions the system is extravagant in its operation and a large amount
of energy is being wasted in obtaining the inadequate result this system is now giving.
After due consideration of these difficulties, we are satisfied that
proper results can be secured only by abandoning the principle of the
present system and installing apparatus capable of giving proper results. Also, in view of the extensive repairs required immediately, it
would be more advisable to make this change now.
PRINCIPLE OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM.
We would recommend that the heating and ventilating systems be.
entirely separated so that proper heating could be supplied depending
upon the demands of the weather and proper ventilation afforded at
all times irrespective of the operation of the heating system. With
such a system the best results would be secured with the greatest
possible economy.
PROPOSED HEATING SYSTEM.
We would recommend a heating system consisting of radiators located
so as to maintain proper temperatures in all of the various rooms and
for economy these radiators should be equipped with a vacuum system
and automatic temperature regulation. The cost of installing this
system complete will be $36,960.
PROPOSED VENTILATING SYSTEM.
We would recommend a ventilating system operated by motor driven
fans which would be capable of giving the guaranteed air supply to
18
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
each and every room under all conditions of weather. This air supply
would be at the same temperature as the rooms so that the ventilating
system could be operated according to requirements for ventilation and
entirely independent of the heating. The cost of installing this system
would'be 126.250.
HOT WATER SYSTEM.
The apparatus for heating water for domestic purposes has not been
increased to meet the growth of the institution and is too small to
meet the present condition. The present apparatus does not remove
the objectionable scale forming substances from the water, which substance accumulate in the pipes and obstruct the same and they have
to be frequently replaced. A proper apparatus would precipitate these
solids where they could be easily removed before entering the pipes.
We would recommend the installing of a heater and purifier with
circulating pumps which would cost complete f 5,200.
BOILER PEED PUMPS.
At present you are supplied with but one boiler feed pump. A duplicate pump should be installed in order to guarantee a continuous service, and permit the repairing of the present pump when necessary. We
would recommend the installing of this pump at a cost complete of
$630.
Respectfully submitted,
'BRUSH, ALLEN & ANDERSON.
Per Fredk. F. Brush, H. C. Anderson.
We would respectfully call your attention to this report, and would
request your honorable body to make an appropriation of f 69,040 to
meet the expenses of the betterments specified by the architects.
CARRIAGE BARN.
We would renew our request for a carriage barn for the use of the
institution. The barn in use is imperfectly constructed, is much out
of repair and does not meet the needs of the institution. The carriage
horses are stabled in this building, the horses are coming and goingall times of day and night, in all kinds of weather. The institution
should provide a barn, properly warmed, to care for the coachmen,
the horses, the carriages, sleighs and other utensils in a proper manner. An appropriation of $5,000 is respectfully asked for this purpose.
FENCING.
The fence along the west side of Elmwood avenue and on the west
side of Division street and on both sides of the avenue leading from
Division street to Elmwood avenue, will need to be rebuilt. The present fence was built nearly twenty years ago; the posts are rotted
and many of the fence boards are worthless. We would recommend
that a wire fence Avith cast posts be used to replace it, and would
respectfully ask the sum of $3,000 for the construction of one mile
of fence with gates, etc.
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
19
/
ARTESIAN WELLS.
Your honorable body is respectfully requested to appropriate the
sum of $1,000 to sink artesian wells to increase the domestic water
supply of the institution. The institution is outgrowing its supply
of water and it is of great economic importance that an additional
artesian supply be secured, if possible.
EE-EOOFING OF COTTAGES TWENTY-EIGHT AND THIETY-TWO.
The roofs on these buildings were laid with shingles and have been
in service respectively since 1887 and 1889. They are in bad condition
and will have to be re-covered. It is proposed to replace them with slate,
and we would respectfully ask for this purpose an appropriation of
$2,100.
EXTENSION TO LAUNDRY, REPAIE OF LAUNDRY EOOF AND ADDITIONAL LAUNDRY
MACHINERY.
Your honorable body is respectfully asked to appropriate the sum
of $1,025 to build an extension to the laundry, to be vised as a general
repair room, and as an enlargement to the ironing room of that department. A further sum of $1,275 is requested for the purchase of one
washing machine, one extractor and one body ironer. The laundry has
been in use since 1895 and much of the machinery is practically worn
out. We would also request the further appropriation of $500 for
repairing the roof of the laundry building. The present roof is a tin
one and it has rusted through in so many places that it is practically
worthless as a covering for the building.
ENLARGEMENT OF SWITCH BOARD.
The electric switch board is too small, and the sum of $750 is respectfully requested to install an additional panel to the board with
necessary switch to accommodate circuits for new buildings, etc., etc.
If this appropriation is granted the switch board will be of ample size
to carry the institution a number of years.
IMPROVEMENT OF ASYLUM AVENUE.
Your honorable body is requested to appropriate the sum of $7,550
for paving the main driveway of the institution from the administration
building to Division street. It is 1,000 feet in length and should be
paved not less than 30 feet wide. The institution has an elevation of
HO feet above Division street, and as the grade is quite steep it is
difficult to prevent washing and cutting out of the roadway during
heavy rainstorms, and also from cutting or rutting during the heavy
teaming of fall and spring. A bitulithic pavement will cost $2.25 per
square yard, which will make the cost of this improvement $7,550.
The interest on the money at 3 per cent would amount to $226.50, and
doubtless the amount of money spent every year in repairing the driveway much exceeds this sum. It is of the utmost importance to the institution to have a perfect roadway, since all its freight and supplies
20
STATE OP MICHIGAN.
have to be teamed from the city, the State never having provided a
railway side track for it. It is especially hard on teams during the
rainy season to pull heavy loads through the mud and slush of:' the
dirt roadways. This improvement should be authorized.
RECAPITULATION OF APPROPRIATIONS REQUESTED.
Eoof for boiler room
Carpenter and paint shop
Cold storage room
Extension to cottage 34
Heating plant
Carriage barn
Fencing
Artesian wells
Ee-roofing of cottages 28 and 32
Laundry
Enlargement of switch board
Improvement of Asylum avenue
Total
f2,955 00
5,500 00
5,500 00
500 00
69,040 00
5,000 00
3,000 00
1,000 00
2,100 00
2,80000
750 00
7,550 00
'
•
1105,695 00
FARM,, GARDEN, STOCK AND GROU5S7DS.
By the act of the last legislature provision was made authorizing the
purchase and addition of 60 acres to the asylum farm, increasing the
acreage of the farm to 728 acres. This addition was all cleared highland, 32 acres of which was an old apple orchard, 20 acres of which
had been cut down too old to be productive, leaving 12 acres of thrifty
apple trees mainly of the Duchess and Oldenburg variety, yielding each
year from 300 to 800 bushels of good fruit.
The orchards, vineyards and small fruit plantations now occupy about
36 acres. The gardens and fields under cultivation and in meadow cover
about 422 acres, while the forest, lawns and grounds occupy 210 acres
and there are about 60 acres of uncleared, undrained land, making the
total 728 acres.
The products from the farm during the last biennial period have exceeded those of any former period, and with the improved methods of
management employed they will increase each coming period.
The dairy herd of the asylum continues to meet the needs of the institution. There are now 125 head of pure-bred Holstein-Friesians
upon the asylum farm. The young cattle sell readily, there being a
great demand for them. During the past two years 40 head have been
sold, for which |3,412.12 have been received. They have been sold in
18 different counties in the State to become the foundation of herds.
Ten of these counties in their purchases have bought their first purebred stock. The milk yield of the herd in the biennial period has
been 1,251,989 pounds, or 625,994 pounds per year, or over 26 tons of
milk per month. During the period the quality as well as the quantity
of milk has increased, and by a late test the herd is entirely free from
tuberculosis.
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
21
RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS.
The total receipts of the asylum for the fiscal year ending Jnne 30,
1907, including cash on hand and credits on special appropriations accounts, were $245,861.74; and the total disbursements for the same
period, including special appropriations, were $254,469.51.
The total receipts of the asylum for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1908, including cash on hand and credits and cash on special appropriations accounts, were $314,292.15; and the total disbursements for the
same period, including special appropriations, were $294,153.76.
There was at the close of the biennial period ending June 30, 1908,
$40,237.72 in the hands of the treasurer; $4,767.86 of which amount was
to the credit of the current expense account and the balance of $34,469.86
unexpended balances to the credit of special appropriations accounts.
OFFICERS.
In 1907, Hon. T. T. Bates of Traverse City, Mich., was reappointed
to the board. Mr. Bates has served continuously on the board since
1885.
In 1907, Hon. William Lloyd of Manistee, Mich., was appointed on
the board. Mr. Lloyd's business experience well qualifies him for the
duties of the office.
On July 26, 1907, Dr. J. F. Canavan died after a brief illness. Dr.
Canavan had been a member of the medical staff for a number of
years, and had made himself of great value to the institution. He was
a man of fine attainments, an earnest student in liis profession, and a
faithful and conscientious worker. His death was greatly regretted
by the Board of Trustees, by his associates on the staff, and by all who
knew him.
In July, 1907, Eobert E. Wells, M. D., was appointed to the staff.
He came to us highly recommended, and he has proved very efficient
in his duties.
The period just closed has been an important one in the history of
the institution. We can only express our appreciation of the efforts
of the officers and all other employes.
T. T. BATES,
H. C. DAVIS,
M. F. QUAINTANCE,
A. F. TEMPLE,
W. W. MITCHELL,
WILLIAM LLOYD,
Traverse City, Mich., June 30, 1908.
Trustees.
4
22
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
TREASURER'S REPORT.
ABSTRACTS
OF (THE
ACCOUNTS CURRENT OF THE RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF^THE
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM FOR THE FISCAL YEAR
ENDING JUNE 30, 1907.
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the'Northern Michigan Asylum,
for month ending July 31, 1906.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand July 1, 1906
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account current expense
Cash from other sources
'.'.
$28,707 10
20,645 07
1,274 65
$50,626 82
DEBITS.
To account of artesian wells
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$91 00
16,894 53
33,641 29
$50,620 82
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for month ending August 31, 1906.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand August 1, 1906
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources.
To account of artesian wells
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$33,641 29
20,645 07
1,271 06
:
DEBITS.
$283 66
20,575 39
34,698 37
$55,557 42
$55,557 42
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for month ending September SO, 1906.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand September 1, 1906
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
$34,698 37
20,645 08
469 31
:
$55,812 76
DEBITS.
To account of artesian wells
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$317 29
20,209 96
35,285 51
$55,812 76
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
23
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for month ending October 21, 1906.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand October 1, 1906
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
$35,285 51
18,736 49
685 33
$54,707 33
DEBITS.
To account of artesian wells
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$117 23
21,215 59
33,374 51
$54,707 33
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for month ending November SO, 1906.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand November 1, 1906
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
$33,374 51
18,736 49
534 62
$52,645 62
DEBITS.
To account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$19,792 46
32,853 10
'
$52,645 62
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for month ending December S I , 1906.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand December 1, 1906
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other, sources
$32,853 16
18,736 48
785 13
$52,374 77
DEBITS.
To account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$20,454 48
31 ,920 29
S52.374 77
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending January 31, 1907.
By balance on hand January 1, 1907
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
CREDITS.
,
:
•
$31,920 29
21,175 22
917 18
854,012 69
DEBITS.
To account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$21,125 59
32 ,887 10
$54,012 69
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending February 28, 1907.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand February 1, 1907
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
• $32 ,887 10
21,175 21
489 14
$54,551 45
24
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
DEBITS.
To account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$20,308 07
34,243 38
$54,551 45
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for month ending March S I , 1907.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand March 1, 1907
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
134,243 38
21,175 21
612 48
$56,031 07
DEBITS.
To account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$25,906 39
30,124 68
$56,031 07
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending April SO, 1907.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand April 1, 1907
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
$30,124 68
17,428 35
919 09
$49,472 12
DEBITS.
To account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$20,951 11
28,521 01
$49,472 12
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending May SI, 1907.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand May 1, 1907
$28,521 01
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
18,428 35
Cash from other sources
470 84
J47,420 20
DEBITS.
To account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
'.
$26,280 52
21,139 68
•
$47,420 20
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending June SO, 1907.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand June 1, 1907
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
$21,139 68
18,428 34
477 55
$40,045 57
DEBITS.
To account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$19,946 24
20,099 33
$40,045 57
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
25
SUMMARY.
THE STATE or MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the fiscal year ending June SO, 1907.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand July 1, 1906
828,707 10
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
236,955 36
Cash from other sources
8,906 38
1274,568 84
DEBITS.
To disbursements:
Account of artesian wells
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
......
$809 18
253,660 33
20,099 33
S274.568 84
26
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
ABSTRACTS
OF ACCOUNTS CURRENT OF THE RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF THE NORTHERN
MICHIGAN ASYLUM FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING .JUNE 30, 1908.
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending July 31, 1907.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand July 1, 1907
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of land
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
To account of addition to store
Account of addition to greenhouse
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$20,099 33
6,000 00
20,343 35
825 70
...................................
..............................
....................................
.................................
$202
279
20 ,042
26 ,744
$47,268 38
09
50
14
65
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum.
for the month ending August 31, 1907.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand August 1, 1907
...............................
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of addition to store
..................................
Account of addition to greenhouse
............................
Account of extension to south wing
...........................
Account of boiler and automatic stoker
........................
Account of current expense ........... .
......................
Cash from other sources
........................................
$26 ,744 65
----
To account of addition to store
...................................
Account of addition to greenhouse
.........................
s
.....
Account of extension to south wing
.......................
.N
.....
Account of land
..............................................
Account of additional fire protection
............................
Account of repairs on reservoir
.............................
....
Account of current expense
....................................
Balance on hand to new account
................................
2 , 500
2 , 100
45 ,000
2 ,300
20,343
620
00
00
00
00
35
34
$99,608 34
_ $846 86
1 ,268 71
1 ,472 50
6,000 00
8 23
1 05 00
1 7 , 926 00
71 ,981 04
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending September 30, 1907.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand September 1, 1907
............................
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of piggeries
.........................................
Account of current expense
..................................
Cash from other sources. . .
......
$71 ,981 04
1 , 200 00
20 , 317 49
608 23
------
$94,106 76
$428
551
505
84
83
22 , 105
70 , 348
-----
$94,106 76
DEBITS.
To account of addition to store
Account of addition to greenhouse
Account of extension to south wing
Account of repairs on reservoir
Account of additional fire protection
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
...................................
..............................
.............................
...................................
............................
....................................
................................
63
79
00
00
41
39
54
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
27
THE STATE or MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending October SI, 1907.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand October 1, 1907
Casli from State Treasurer:
Account of dry-room for laundry
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
870,348 54
v
•
1,200 00
19,297 85
908 12
$91,754 51
DEBITS.
To account of addition to store
Account of extension to south wing
Account of additional fire protection
Account of piggeries
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
...
—
$350
241
303
1,018
21,314
68,526
10
31
70
12
31
97
$91,754 51
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending November SO, 1907.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand November 1, 1907
808,526 97
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
19,297 84
Casli from other sources
934 96
$88,759 77
DEBITS.
To account of addition to store
Account of repairs on reservoir
Account of piggeries
Account of boiler and automatic stoker
Account of current expense
• Balance on hand to new account
$414
195
181
850
22,983
64,135
-
28
00
88
00
45
16
$88,759 77
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending December 31, 1908.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand December 1, 1907
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
$64,135 16
19,297 83
472 30
$83,905 29
DEBITS.
To account of boiler and automatic stocker
Account of new boilers
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$1,450
700
25,134
56,620
00
00'
70
59
$83,905 29
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending January 31, 1908.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand January 1, 1908
"Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
$56,620 59
22,013 11
763 34
$79,397 04
DEBITS.
To account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
,
§22 ,939 38
56,457 66
$79,397 04
28
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending February £9, 1908.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand February 1, 1908
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
$56,457 66
22,013 11
1,160 57
_$79,631 34
DEBITS.
To account of addition to store
Account of new boilers
Account of new greenhouse boiler
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$67
1,762
560
19,925
57,314
50
94
62
71
67
_S79,631 34
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending March SI, 1908.
DEBITS.
By balance on hand March 1, 1808
$57,314 57
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
22 ,013 10
Cash from other sources
1,870 26
$81,197 93
To account of addition to store
Account of extension of south wing
Account of new boilers
Account of new telephones
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$27 25
100 00
2880
1,000 00
2.3,496 90
56,544 98
$81,197 93
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for month ending April 30, 1908.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand April 1, 1908
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of books and musical instruments
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
To account of extension to south wing
Account of extension to north wing
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$56,544
500
19,195
1,759
:
98
00
75
03
—
$1,420
1,033
18,565
56,980
57
40
18
61
$77,999 76
$77,999 76
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum*
for the month ending May 31, 1908.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand May 1. 1908
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
$56,980 61
19,195 74
549 38
$76,725 73
DEBITS.
To account of addition to store
Account of extension to south wing
Account of repairs on reservoir
Account of new boilers
Account of extension to north wing
Account of dry-room for laundry
Account of boiler and automatic stoker
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$163
481
92
8
2,785
1,200
374
25,853
45,767
29
69
37
26
06
00
60
22
24
$76,725 73
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
29
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the month ending June 30, 1908.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand June 1, 1908
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of current expense
Cash from other sources
$45,767 24
19,195 74
495 66
To account of extension to south wing
Account of repairs on reservoir
Account of extension to north wing
Account of books and musical instruments
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$733 92
18 91
3,448 14
175 00
20,844 95
40,237 72
$65,458 64
$65,458 64
SUMMARY.
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, In account with Samuel Garland, Treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum,
for the fiscal year ending June SO, 1908.
CREDITS.
By balance on hand July 1, 1907
$20,099 33
Cash from State Treasurer:
Account of land
6,000 00
Account of addition to store
2,500 00
Account of addition to greenhouse
2,100 00
Account of extension to south wing
45,000 00
Account of boiler and automatic stoker
2,300 00
Account of piggeries
1,200 00
Account of dry-room for laundry
1,200 00
Account of books and musical instruments
500 00
Account of current expense
242,524 26
Cash from other sources
10,967 89
$334,391 48
DEBITS.
To disbursements:
Account of addition to store
Account of addition to greenhouse
Account of extension to south wing
Account of land
Account of repairs on reservoir
Account of additional fire protection
Account of piggeries
Account of boiler and automatic stoker
Account of new greenhouse boiler
Account of new telephones
Account of extension to north wing
Account of books and musical instruments
Account of dry-room for laundry
Account of boiler and automatic stoker (new account)
Account of new boilers
Account of current expense
Balance on hand to new account
$2 ,500 00
2,100 00
4,954 99
6,000 00
495 28
395 34
1,200 00
2 ,300 00
560 62
1,000 00
7,266 60
175 00
1,200 00
374 60
2,500 00
261,131 33
40,237 72
$334,391 48
We have carefully examined the accounts of Samuel Garland, treasurer of the Northern Michigan Asylum, for the biennial period ending
June 30, 1908, and have compared the same with the books and vouchers;
and verified the same by further comparison with the books of the
steward and hereby certify to the entire correctness of them.
T. T. BATES,
WM. LLOYD,
A. F. TEMPLE,
Auditing Committee.
5
30
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
STEWARD'S REPORT.
FOR THE BIENNIAL PERIOD ENDING JUNE 30, 1908.
ANALYSIS OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS FOR THE BIENNIAL PERIOD ENDING
JUNE 30, 1908.
RECEIPTS.
Maintenance, etc., State patients
Maintenance, etc., private patients
Farm
Sundry accounts
Special appropriations:
Land
Addition to store
Addition to greenhouse
Extension to south wing
Boiler and automatic stoker
Piggeries
Dry room for laundry
Additional fire protection
Books and musical instruments
$479,479
9,510
4,383
4,980
62
75
44
08
6,000
2,500
2,100
45,000
2,300
1,200
1,200
1,000
500
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
$560,153 89
DISBURSEMENTS.
1. Salaries and wages
Officers' salaries
J72,010 48
13,062 71
—
2. Food:
Meat and
Butter
Flour
Tea and coffee
Wages
Fuel
Miscellaneous
Sugar
fish
3. Clothing:
Wages of clerks
Cost of clothing
4. Laundry expenses:
Wages
Soap making
Fuel
Starch
Machinery
Soda
Electric irons
Gasoline
Gas
Blueing
Tallow
5. Heating and light:
Wages
Coal
Electrical supplies
Gas
Oil
'.
Wicking
Candles
Coke
$49,457
27,982
13,095
6,205
8,837
1,117
25,130
5,327
•
$501 97
24,219 97
$9,023
1,746
375
327
269
203
157
34
1
25
670
'
•
79
28
66
91
06
08
57
81
90
26
00
50
82
28
19
40
40
36
23
$9,170 66
48 ,024 30
947 76
134 37
49 92
1 20
1 08
23 80
•
185,073 19
137,154 16
24,721 94
12,834 34
58,353 09
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
6. Floral greenhouse and grounds:
Wages
Seeds
Garden hose
Implements
Drain pipe
Flower pots
Paris green
Manure
Seats
Wheelbarrows
Trees
Glass
SI ,771 75
101 42
82 50
88 51
30 44
29 63
60 00
22 20
14 10
924
7 86
5 28
7. Medical department:
Wages
Drugs, etc
Medical books
Expenses of pathologist
Laboratory supplies
•
8. Office, stationery, etc.:
Wages
Telephones
Typewriters and supplies
Postage stamps
Printing
Stationery
Blanks
Rule books
Filing cases
Treasurer's stationery account
City Directory
9. Amusement and instruction:
Music for dances
Medical books
Billiard table
Christmas toys, candies, etc
Billiard balls and chalk
Games
Entertainment
Hymn books
Express
Tuning pianos
Magazines
10. Furniture and household supplies:
Wages
Dry goods
Bedding
Blankets
Hardware
:
Crockery
Furniture
Brooms
Ranges and castings
Soap
Utensils
Toilet paper
Carpet
Upholstering
Sewing machines
Gas range
Insect powder
Carpet linings
Window shades
Refrigerator
Clothes truck
Shelf paper
Seating
Curtains
,
Carpet sweeper
Iron bedstead
Baskets
Freight
Grates
Leather
11. Carriage barn and vehicles:
Wages
Feed
Harness
Blacksmithing
Buggy repairs
Horseshoes
Veterinary
Telephone message
31
$46,111
4,929
50
12
3
—
82
14
66
95
80
$2,041
806
734
510
487
341
221
225
190
97
3
90
45
82
00
19
85
80
75
80
10
00
$354
146
316
124
27
30
25
23
1
22
6
50
18
53
14
22
12
00
07
75
00
00
$2,222 93
51,108 37
5,660 66
1,07651
$1,158 62
4,619 53
5,292 27
1,273 61
1,669 27
1,003 61
945 77
918 58
657 92
633 72
468 12
411 94
177 97
135 00
91 80
78 00
74 17
45 75
35 75
26 46
23 76
15 51
9 22
6 00
6 50
7 00
5 79
1 85
1 46
98
J
19,795193
:
.
$701
429
23
22
19
10
5
84
63
77
68
85
69
09
10
1,21.3 65
32
12. Improvements and repairs:
Wages
r
Pipe and
Lumber
Lime and cement
Iron and castings
Paints and oils
Hardware
Hoist for coal
Steel beams
Tiling
Coal
Boiler, etc
Material for coal bunkers
Consulting engineer account
Wire screens
Roofing
Wall paper
Brick
:
Sewer pipe
Glass
Moving paint shop
Awnings
Tools
Blacksmith coal
Felt
13. Machinery:
Automatic stokers
Machinery for handling coal
Boilers and
Machine fittings and supplies
Lubricating oil
Potato peeling machine
Pump, etc
Vertical engine
Boiler insurance
Wages
Tools
Freight
Packing
Steam trap
Repairs to gas engine
Meat cutter
Belting
Pump
Repairs to laundry machinery
Hose and packing
Gauge charts
Valves
Steam gauge
Gaskets
Mud pipe
14. Farm, garden and stock:
Wages
Feed
Steers (or beef
Hay
Stock, cows
Implements
Blacksmithing
Seeds
Cattle tests
Oats
Horses
Manure
Straw
Veterinary
Harness.."
Wagon and sleighs
Cattle registering
Carriage
Paris green, etc
Trees
•.
Hogs
Sewer pipe
Advertising cattle
Fence
Freight on calf
Milk tester
Photos of cows
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
fittings
".
fittings
:
fittings
•
....
.....
—
S29.472 28
4,036 13
2,866 26
2,710 55
2,637 87
2,438 54
1,677 65
1,210 00
1,267 40
591 91
464 48
289 60
283 37
361 43
233 75
180 63
123 70
167 75
48 04
25 13
25 00
19 85
16 31
5 94
11 15
—
$51,164 72
$4,568 19
1,072 00
663 32
338 17
312 76
250 00
505 00
200 04
218 00
184 90
147 17
115 58
69 51
51 97
46 75
117 90
28 98
26 78
23 25
.
31 22
12 00
11 91
10 60
20 15
3 75
—
9,029 90
$19,235 70
13,396 88
5,600 79
3,699 99
2,030 41
716 82
573 55
448 61
17148
480 04
50000
381 76
323 86
324 83
289 86
180 50
130 42
175 73
113 73
62 47
63 30
52 25
4110
26 35
19 50
12 60
7 75
49,060 28
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
33
15. Miscellaneous expenses:
Tobacco
Wages of watchmen
Elopement expenses
Undertaker's fees
Refunded money
Purchases for patients
Steward's expenses purchasing supplies
Patients' expenses home
Messages, etc
Money refunded tor old boiler
Superintendent's expenses to Board meetings, etc
Accountant's expenses to Board meetings, etc
Assistant superintendent's expenses visiting hospitals, e t c . . ..
Wages for housecleaning
Nurses pins
Chief engineer's expenses to Chicago
Surveying
Pipes
Fruit
Express
Recording deed
Miscellaneous
$2,487 31
1,049 10
563 71
404 64
366 21
319 45
301 85
170 57
132 16
100 00
80 23
34 08
117 96
26 00
56 25
20 00
15 00
4 12
2 13
1 75
1 65
67 82
Special appropriations:
Extension north wing
Extension south wing
Repairs to reservoir
Boiler and automatic stoker
Land
Addition to greenhouse
New boilers
Addition to store
Dry-room for laundry
Piggeries
New telephones
Artesian wells
'New greenhouse boiler
Books and musical instruments
Additional fire protection
$7,266 60
4,954 99
495 28
2,674 60
6,000 00
2,100 00
2,500 00
2,500 00
1,200 00
1,200 00
1,000 00
809 18
560 62
175 00
395 34
$6,321 99
33,831 61
$548,623 27
34
STATE OP MICHIGAN.
FARM REPORT.
FOR THE BIENNIAL PEKJOD ENDING JUNE 30, 1908.
Asparagus, pounds
Apples, bushels
Beans, bushels
Bedding, tons
Beef, Ibs
Beets, bushels
Beet greens, Ibs
'
Cabbage, heads
Carrots, bushels
Cauliflower, heads
Celery, heads
Chicken, Ibs
Corn, bushels
Cucumbers, dozen
Eggs, vegetable, dozen
Fodder,, tons
Feed, green, tons
Grapes, bushels
Hay, tons
Kohlrabi, bushels
Lettuce, pounds
Milk, pounds
Musk-melon, pounds
Onions, dozen
Onions, bushels
Parsnips, bushels
Peas
Peaches
Pepper, bushels
Potatoes, bushels
Pork, Ibs
Potatoes, sweet, bushels
Plums, bushels
Pumpkins, tons
Radishes, dozens
Rhubarb, pounds
Strawberries, quarts
Squash, tons
Sage, bunches
Savory, bunches
Salsify, bushels
Spinach
Tomatoes, ripe, bushels
Tomatoes, green, bushels
Turnips, bushels
Veal, pounds.
Watermelon, pounds
Premiums on cattle
Cattle sold
Hides sold
Wheat sold...
I
'.
2,160
579
378
33
75,960
769
75
27,760
7,148
679
17,605
419
1,341
1,059
5
40i
25
202i
329
J
15,025
1,214,613
5,670
11,882
144
6,001
339
526
8
9,000
36,904
88
ISO}
11
15,167
10,635
4,579
25t
350
100
205
4,720
1,292i
105
1,340
2 ,249
1,250
$77 00
3,341 12
887 84
83 48
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
35
SUMMARY OF INVENTORY, NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM, JUNE 30, 1908.
Farm and grounds
JS3,160 00
Buildings
770,201 00
Stock on farm
16,160 00
Administration building
7,264 15
Library and chapel
1,244 00
Pathological laboratory
1,200 00
Dispensary
1,259 45
Wards
30,493 06
Cottage 21
2 ,996 33
Cottage 23
3,187 84
Cottage 25
2,499 39
Cottages 24 and 26
4,003 07
Cottage 27
-. .
3 ,200 08
Cottage 28
1,939 23
Cottage 29
:
3,476 75
Cottage 30
3,067 01
Cottage 31
1,753 05
Cottage 32
1,858 65
Cottage 34
3,217 35
Cottage 36
3,333 35
Cottage 38
1,036 42
Engine room and shops
7,147 27
Kitchen and bakery
4,991 24
Laundry
5,909 72
Farm implements, etc
3,363 69
Store
fixtures
252 85
Groceries and meat
4,319 75
Crockery
206 19
Notions
1 ,'235 25
Silver plated ware
37 55
Hardware and miscellaneous
'
916 84
Dry goods
I
3,347 58
Boots and shoes
1,014 10
Clothing
5,907 51
Total
$955,199 72
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
36
EEPOET OF MEDICAL SUPEEINTENDENT.
To the Board of Trustees:
Gentlemen: As required by law, I have the honor to submit for
jour consideration the following report of the principal events of the
asylum for the biennial period ending June 30, 1908. The movement
of population has been as follows:
TABLE I.—For the biennial period.
Males.
Patients.
Discharged
.
Discharged improved
Died
Females.
Total.
699
290
609
215
1,308
989
250
824
226
1,813
739
598
1 ,337
39
50
35
126
56
56
16
98
95
106
51
224
505
476
From the beginning.
Males.
Patients.
Total admitted
f
Discharged recovered . .
Discharged improved
Discharged unimproved
Died
...
Total discharged
Remaining under treatment June 30 1908
Females.
Total.
4,695
2,596
2,099
313
598
200
748
257
595
154
495
1,193
354
1,243
1 857
1 ,501
3,358
739
598
1,337
568
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
37
If these statistics are compared with the last preceding period it
will be found that the admissions were 36 less, and the discharges
67 more, and that there has been a decrease in women of 11, and a
gain in men of 40, or a net gain of 29 patients in the asylum district
during the last two years. This increase has not more than equaled
the growth of population during the same time. The new buildings
under construction will meet the requirements of the district for the
next three or four years.
The number of patients discharged recovered was 5 per cent plus
of the whole number under treatment, and IS 8-10 per cent of the number admitted. This greatly exceeds the recovery rate of any former
period. It shold be stated that these percentages include the manic
depressive cases, in which the recovery from attack is counted without
reference to cure of the disease. The smallest number of patients under
treatment on any one day was 1,294, and the largest number was
1,344.
The death rate for the year ending June 30, 1907, was 7.7 per
cent, and for the year ending June 30, 1908, 6.6 per cent. There were
224 deaths during the period. The following table gives the sex, age,
form of disease and cause of death in each case:
6
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
38
TABLE II.
Sex.
Age.
Nativity.
64
63
97
Female
Female
Female
48
30
"57"
86
30
67
57
67
27
23
50
35
80
62
43
47
Female
B II Senility
B. II, Organic
Apoplexy.
Michigan
Pennsylvania
C. II, Periodical
A. II, Dementia
B II Senility
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Bright's disease.
Michigan
Ohio
Germany
New York
Ohio
Germany
54
57
Michigan
Ohio
Michigan
58
46
61
75
54
England
Ohio
Finland
Michigan
New York
56
74
45
19
33
29
C
B
I Hvsteria
II Senilitv
Sweden
New York
60
78
C. II, Periodical
B II Organic
New York
64
27
37
Female
Cause of death.
Vermont
54
69
60
46
46
50
75
Form of disease.
C III Imbecility
A. II, Dementia
B II Senility
B
B
B
Bright's disease.
II Organic ..
II Senility
II, Organic .
C. II Periodical
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
C. I, Epilepsia
B II Senility
B II Organic
New York
88
62
60
67
50
B
B
II Organic
80
B
II Senility
II Senility
22
61
50
50
Female
Male .
Male
Male.. ,
Male
47
50
83
84
27
Ohio
Male....
Male...
Male
Male ...
Male
50
72
73
27
29
Sweden . .
B II Organic
C III Imbecility
C
I Epilepsia
C III Imbecility
.
. . . .
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
39
TABLE II.—Continued.
Sex.
Male
Male
Male .
Male
Male
.
Age.
.
46
23
77
78
36
Nativity.
Form of disease.
England
New York
England
B II Senility
Organic
Unknown...
Unknown
Bohemia
Germany
B. II, Organic
B. II, Organic
Dementia praecox
B. II, Organic
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male . . . .
"76"
60
Male ..
Male
Male . . .
Male
Male
68
61
67
40
46
Ohio
New York
B.
Unknown
B. II, General paralysis
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
70
36
76
75
65
Canada
Unknown
Massachusetts
Canada
B. II, Organic
C. I, Epilepsia
Orgaaic
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
. . .
"is"
37
86
46
New York
Michigan
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
66
89
54
52
36
Male ...
Male
Male
Male
Male
40
45
54
26
42
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
32
35
32
Michigan
75
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
I, Toxic
B II Senility
B. II, General paralysis
Cause of death.
Peritonitis.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
. . Arterio-s clerosis.
Arterio-sclerosis.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Arterio-sclerosis.
Bright's disease.
Arterio-sclerosis.
Arterio-sclerosis.
Paretic seizure.
Arteriosclerosis.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Apoplexy.
Paretic seizure.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Apoplexy.
Edema of lungs.
Arterio-sclerosis.
Arterio-sclerosis.
Cardiac disease.
Paretic seizure.
Arterio sclerosis.
Paretic seizure.
Arterio-sclerosis.
Paretic seizure.
Arteriosclerosis.
Bright's disease.
Bright's disease.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Status epilepticus.
Ohio
Illinois
Michigan
C.
Michigan
Canada
Manic depressive
C. II, Periodical
Bright's disease.
Pernicious anemia.
Bright's disease.
Exhaustion.
Exhaustion/
Unknown
Germany
C. Ill,
B. II,
B. II,
B. II,
B. II,
Pyaemia.
Paretic seizure.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Paretic seizure.
Bright's disease.
53
Michigan
C. Ill, Imbecility
62
83
52
New York
Canada
B. II, Senility
51
44
67
50
53
Michigan
Ireland
Male....
Male
Male
Male
Male
54
35
69
74
50
Male....
Male
Male
Male
Male....
54
73
43
46
Male
Male
Male
Male...,
Male
32
"41"
„
C.
New York
Unknown
Imbecility
General paralysis
Organic
General paralysis
Senility
I, Epilepsia
Cardiac disease.
Status epilepticus.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Chronic bronchitis.
Cardiac disease.
I, Epilepsia
Edema of lungs.
Status epilepticus.
Cardiac disease.
Gumma brain.
Status epilepticus.
C. I, Epilepsia
C. I, Epilepsia
Organic brain disease
B II Organic
A. II, Dementia
Status epilepticus.
Status epilepticus.
Exhaustion.
Exhaustion.
Bright's disease.
Organic
Bright's disease.
Bright's disease.
Paretic seizure.
Cardiac disease.
Paretic seizure.
B. II, Organic
C.
New Hampshire
Wisconsin
I, Neurasthenia
Unknown
General paralysis
Canada
Epilepsia
Unknown
General paralysis
A. II, Dementia
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Arterio-sclerosis.
Paretic seizure.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
40
TABLE II.—Continued.
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
19
45
48
47
63
.. .
.. .
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
.
Male
Male
Male
Male .
Male
49
35
53
71
•
Cardiac disease.
. .
Paretic seizure.
Edema of lungs.
Pulmonarv tuberculosis.
Exhaustion.
New York
63
57
69
51
64
...
. . . .
59
84
Bright's disease.
Paretic seizure.
Suffocation.
Ohio
Exhaustion.
41
75
88
....
78
50
58
40
75
44
82
60
44
08
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
43
31
63
54
57
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
61
23
44
36
75
Male
Male
50
74
72
39
65
49
18
(S
61
42
Female
Cause of death.
65
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Female
Poland "
Ohio...
50
34
22
38
45
,
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Form of disease.
52
25
79
47
56
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male.
Male
Male
Nativity.
Age.
Sex.
48
41
53
68
62
Ohio
Ohio
Scotland
Senility
Arterio-sclerosis.
Senility
Colitis.
Acute rheumatism.
End o- card itis.
Paretic seizure.
. .
Ohio
Paretic seizure.
Holland
Imbecility
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Paretic seiaure.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Holland
Paretic seizure.
Alter io-sclerosis.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Cardiac disease.
Exhaustion.
Puknonarv tuberculosis.
Carcinoma.
Ohio
Apoplexy.
Ohio
Acute delirium
Exhaustion.
Ohio....
Dementia nrtecox
Erysipelas.
Cardiac disease.
Carcinoma.
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLtJM.
41
TABLE II.—Concluded.
Sex.
Age.
Nativity.
Cause of death.
Form of disease.
Female..
Female..
Female..
Female..
Female..
41
60
54
24
83
Michigan
Michigan
Canada
Michigan
New York
Epilepsia
Dementia prsecox..
Organic
Dementia prsecox..
Senility
Status epilepticus.
Cardiac disease.
Exhaustion.
Pericarditis.
Arterio-sclerosis.
Female..
Female..
Female..
Female..
Female..
49
49
49
26
41
Indiana
Michigan
Canada
Canada
Michigan
Paranoia.,
Organic.
Dementia prsecox..
Acute delirium
Manic depressive...
Pernicious anemia.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Pneumonia.
Exhaustion.
Exhaustion.
Female..
Female..
Female..
Female..
Female..
38 I Michigan
Michigan
66
Michigan
35
Michigan
51
Germany
44
Dementia prsecox..
Imbecility
Dementia prsecox.
Epilepsia
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Apoplexy.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Apoplexy.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Female..
Female..
Female..
Female..
Female..
71
36
54
65
65
Canada
Michigan
Germany
Sweden
New York
Manic depressive
Dementia prEecox
Dementia prsecox
Manic depressive
Epilepsia
Apoplexy.
Chronic meningitis.
Intestinal perforation.
Apoplexy.
Exhaustion.
Female..
Female..
Female..
Female..
Female..
59
37
82
69
30
Ireland
Michigan
Scotland
New York
Prussia
Melancholia
Organic.,
Senility
Senility
Imbecility...
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Exhaustion.
Bright's disease.
Apoplexy.
Pulmonary tuberculosis.
Female..
Female..
Female..
Female ..
49
48
34
52
New York
Michigan
Michigan
Sweden
Organic
Epilepsia
Dementia prsecox
Organic
Exhaustion.
Status epilepticus.
Endo-carditis.
Diabetes.
SUMMARY.
Males.
General paralysis
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Intestinal tuberculosis
Cardiac disease
Exhaustion
Females.
24
19
8
9
>
Apoplexy
Pneumonia
Status epilepticus
Suffocation
Pernicious anemia
4
'•'
2
1
Bright's disease
Arteriosclerosis
Peritonitis
Enteritis
Edema of lungs
.'.
*
Influenza
Chronic meningitis
Acute rheumatism
Pyaemia
Erysipelas
12
22
2
1
3
2
1
1
Total.
2
24
1
11
15
26
10
3
5
14
3
14
2
2
1
43
1
19
24
10
5
22
27
2
2
3
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
Chronic bronchitis
Brain tumor...,
Aneurism
Intestinal obstruction
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
126
98
224
Total...
1
1
1
1
1
4
Intestinal perforation
Diabetes mellitus
Gastroptosis
".
Carcinoma
.'
.
.
42
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
Eighty-nine of the patients who died were over 55 years old; 14
were between 80 and 90, and one was over 90. The deaths from tuberculosis were 19.6 per cent of the deaths from all causes, about twice
as great as during the former period. It cannot be stated that this
increase of mortality from tuberculosis is an index of the disease among
the patients, since many of the cases were of long standing, and others
were infected before admission to the hospital. There has undoubtedly
been a slight spread of the disease during the last two years. General
paralysis, arterio-sclerosis, cardiac disease, and organic diseases of the
brain and nervous system were the other principal causes of death.
In all cases in which permission could be gained postmortem examinations were made. The results were often of value. Special examinations of various organs were made at the psychopathic laboratory at Ann Arbor, and many more in our own laboratory. Dr. Barrett's
reports of the pathological findings in these cases are of great interest
and frequently confirm the diagnosis of the disease made during life.
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
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44
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
The foregoing table showing the forms of mental disease is no longer
in use, but is inserted to show the classification of the cases up to
June 30, 1906. Parallel with the introduction of the psychopathic ward,
efforts were made to establish uniformity of classification in the various
asylums of Michigan, with the result that the following modification
of the well known classification of Kraepelin has been adopted in the
asylums of this State.
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
45
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46
STATE OP MICHIGAN.
This table shows that nearly 50 per cent of the patients suffered from
incurable mental disease, the largest portion of which was organic.
Of the 138 cases falling in group C, 76 per cent were men and 26 per
cent women. This great difference would indicate that the causes which
bring about these lesions in the brain and nerve centers are several
times more operative in men. The dementia praecox group also shows
that nearly twice as many men as women are afflicted; while in the
manic depressive types of insanity the opposite condition exists. It
is doubtless true that all the cases classified as dementia praecox are
hereditarily unstable, but I am inclined to believe that the hebephrenic
and katatonic forms of this group are toxic in origin rather than
hereditarily degenerative.
Thjs classification has proved quite satisfactory from a clinical standpoint. It is quite possible that many modifications will need to be
made in it as time passes and the toxic origin of mental and nervous
diseases becomes better known and our knowledge of faulty metabolism
of the proteid bodies becomes better established. It does not seem to
us to be outside of the possible to regard hebephrenia and katatonia
and the manic depressive insanities as being caused by a poisonous
proteid, either from the protein of the tissues and inert protein introduced with the food or from poisonous proteids from microbic infection, or to a faulty splitting up of the highly proteid bodies of the
internal secretions. The question of faulty metabolism opens up a
vast field of investigation in the domain of neurology and psychiatry.
Pathological chemistry must take a higher place in the investigation
and treatment of mental diseases.
It is known that the internal secretions play an important part in
the economy and any modification of the amount of these secretions—increase or decrease—or faulty splitting up of these bodies in
the organism, induces changes in the bodily functions. Diabetes and
myxedema are diseases due to abnormal internal secretion from the
pancreas on the one hand and the thyroid on the other. Recently the
thyroid secretion has gained some notoriety in the causation of katatonia,
but sufficient observations have not yet been made to establish a law
in the matter. The removal of a portion of the thyroid gland has
been tried for the cure of katatonia, and one such operation has been
performed here. In this case permanent benefit did not follow, but
several interesting mental states followed. Katatonia and possibly
hebephrenia are toxic diseases and it is not unlikely that a poisonous
proteid originating in defective metabolism of the thyroid secretion may
be the essential etiological factor.
The period just closed has not been marked by any brilliant innovations in the care or treatment of patients, but by progress on many
lines, a development of the forces of the hospital. The care exercised
in the purchase of supplies and the interest of the Governor in the
matter has led to the establishment of conferences at which the superintendents and purchasing agents of all the institutions of the state
take part. These conferences are of value, since the question of the
cost of every supply is considered and comparisons made from actual
samples of all materials purchased, and the statements of the stewards
and others are discussed, which includes the quality, cost, where and
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
47
from whom purchased and everything that tends to the most economic
buying, quality being considered.
Within the period a training school for nurses was established. The
opening of the school was in October, 1906, and the first class graduated in June, 1908. The school added greatly to the work of the staff,
but both the physicians and the nurses carried it on with enthusiasm
and success. Trained mental nurses are an important factor in the
treatment of insanity. By their training they comprehend the patients'
needs much better and can get much nearer to them than can nurses
without knowledge of the simplest psychic processes. A word of kindly
explanation, of encouragement, of assurance, if based on accurate knowledge, frequently is of the greatest aid to the mental patient, since the
conviction gradually forces itself in his mind that the nurse is giving
the true explanation of all his mental distress and suffering. The
professional interest of the nurses in their charges, and the ambition
to succeed in their calling, is helpful and is stimulating to all associated with patients. "Ordinarily there is too much of the presumption
that an insane person cannot reason rightly with regard to anything.
The consequence is a -lack of discrimination in treatment which may
have serious consequences in the resentment evoked by it." (Independent, page 662.) For these reasons a thorough course -in psychology
should be given in connection with the training school. There can
be no doubt in cases of mental disease, in which dissociations are
present, that a nurse trained in psychology is of highest assistance in
the restoration of patient. The most ordinary observer of mental
patients notes that there are currents of mind activities, which completely dominate them and without consciousness on their part of
their morbid nature; or these activities may partially dominate—a portion of the time being subconscious—but ever ready to break through
the crust of consciousness and often with intense and dangerous reactions. Many such patients strive to overcome such morbid activities,
and if they have the direction and sympathy of a nurse who knows
practical psychology and how to explain fundamental operations, may
be often able to replace these insistent activities with others which
induce or are followed by normal mental reactions. • Many
mental reactions which are at their beginning insane or morbid,
may be continued through habit. In these cases the nurse by
suggestion, direction and friendly attention may divert them into
normal channels. It is a kind of re-education of the patient, and the
mental nurse should be thoroughly grounded in psychology and how
to apply it in the care of mental derangements.
During the period there were 182 blood examinations made. Secondary anaemia was found in 28 examinations, pernicious anaemia in
5, surgical leucocytosis in 5, leucocytosis other than surgical 36,
polycythaemia 1, and Widal tests 2. Blood pressure examinations were
made in 118 cases. Increased blood tension was found in 11 cases.
Six hundred thirty-six urinary analyses were made. Nephritis was
found 41 times, glycosuria 10, pyuria 20, and the diazo reaction 2.
During the past year 49 sputum examinations were made. Tuberculosis
was found in 12, pneumonia in 3.
There were 71 autopsies made during the period, and as before men-
48
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
tioned, very many pathological examinations. It would be unprofitable
to detail all the findings in these cases. The most important conditions found were: (1) Metastatic sarcoma of brain and lungs. (2)
Gangrene of intestines. (3) Ulceration of intestines with peritonitis.
(4) Terminal pneumonia. (5) Mitral insufficiency. (6) Syphilis of
brain. (7) Pulmonary tuberculosis. (8) Metastatic sarcoma of osseous
system from primary tumor in breast. (9) Pleurisy and ulceration of
intestines. (10) Aneurism of aorta. (11) Hereditary syphilis.
The chief value of the autopsies and laboratory examinations of
tissue, etc., was found in the verification of diagnoses and in the explanation of the symptoms observed before death. I am not hopeful that
pathology will ever be able to solve psychic problems. It is in the
study of the living tissues, of proteid metabolism and the metabolism
of the internal secretions and poisons of bacterial origin that the
greatest hope of cure of the mentally sick will be discovered. Chemical
pathology and chemical research are beginning to take an important
part in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease, and this
new science promises brilliant results for the mentally afflicted. The
value of scientific research is also becoming apparent and the mental
associations, mental reactions.—normal and abnormal,—the preceptive
powers, the memory, the judgment, etc., are studied with as much,
if not more, care than were formerly the gross symptoms of insanity—
hallucinations and delusions.
The following surgical operations were performed during the period:
Operation.
Number of cases.
Tracheotomy
1
Trachelorrhophy
1
Tonsillotomy
11
Partial Thyreoidectomy
1
Oophorectomy
2
Appendectomy
8
Extirpation of Cervical Lymph Node
4
Extirpation of Sebaceous Cysts
3
Breast amputation
3
Paracentesis Abdominis
4
Paracentesis Thoracis
3
Intestinal obstruction
1
Cellulitis
3
Uterine Curettage
2
Dislocated jaw
1
Dislocated
finger
,
1
Dislocated elbow
1
Fractured femur
2
Fractured clavicle
3
Fractured humerus
2
Fractured metacarpal bone
1
Four children were born to patients during the period.
It is apparent that during the last two years there has been very
marked progress in psychiatry. The most careful methods are used in
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
49
the examination of patients and much pains are taken with each individual from the day of admission to that of discharge, to promote his
welfare and recovery. The institution is gradually becoming hospitalized, and every patient receives direct personal study by the physicians.
The old plan of carrying on the work in the administration building in offices has largely disappeared and the physician spends his
time on the ward with the patients carefully noting every symptom
or working up the cases with the aid of a stenographer. "The medical
work has greatly improved; here as in all other lines of human effort,
progress has been slow, but to demonstrate that progress has been made,
one need only to compare the written records of patients of ten years
ago with those of today. With the advent of the laboratory a new
era commenced in psychiatry, a great stride forward was taken for the
relief and cure of mental and nervous conditions. No attempt is made
to take the mental status of a patient in longhand. The mental examination requires accuracy and in order that the questions may be
reported verbatim it must be taken in shorthand. Anything less than
verbatim reports of these examinations render the work worthless from
a scientific standpoint. Every physician to the institution, if not a
shorthand writer himself, should be furnished a stenographer to assist
in his work and to write out the examinations. This has been done
during the last two years at this institution with great advantage to
the patients; it has been stimulating to all of us to further and better
efforts, and certainly tends to increase our insight into the activities
of the mind whether normal or abnormal." It is our object to establish offices in connection with the hospital, on both sides of the house,
in which the physicians can perform their work and in which the examinations of patients, the mental status, etc., can be taken, and in
which the physician will come in constant contact with his charges and
personally direct the mental cure of each and every one.
The needs of the asylum have been thoroughly discussed in your report and I need not speak of them, nor of the improvements that have
been made during the period, since you are thoroughly familiar with
them.
We append herewith the usual statistical tables:
TABLE V.—Degree of heredity.
From the beginning.
For the biennial period.
Males.
Total
Females.
Total.
Males.
Females.
Total.
6
18
15
20
18
4
12
6
22
10
10
30
21
42
28
36
119
87
165
99
33
129
66
217
115
69
248
153
382
214
29
9
.99
76
19
9
41
92
48
18
140
168
183
68
715
1,124
191
60
611
677
374
128
1,326
1,801
290
215
505
2,596
2,099
4,695
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
50
TABLE VI.—Occupation of those admitted.
For the biennial period.
Males.
Females.
From the beginning.
Total.
Males.
Females.
Total.
"'2
2
4
1
3
4
8
1
5
7
7
4
11
1
15
11
6
8
22
18
10
19
1
Bakers, cooks, confectioners
5
4
"i
5
5
Blacksmiths and metal workers
8
4
2
12
44
15
5
49
6
19
12
8
23
3
63
27
13
72
9
1
1
13
2
"'3'
3
1
16
1
9
99
3
3
5
4
62
2
6
13
161
5
3
1
.....
1
4
60
2
2
20
1
1
3
6
80
2
5
7
6
869
5
9
3
355
1
1
2
Farmers, gardeners and florists
98
4
60
4
158
1
1
2
8
763
Farm laborers
28
2
10
..„.
38
2
8
'1
1
Accountants, private secretaries
2
4
Apothecaries and chemists
Carpenters and woodworkers
Civil engineers and surveyors
Coachmen and teamsters
Housekeepers
1
Journalists
2
Laundrymen and laundresses
2
2
3
Liverymen, stablemen and jockeys
Machinists, gunsmiths, locksmiths
3
Marine engineers, firemen, sailors
1
Milliners, dressmakers, seamstresses
2
"'3'
4
2
6
1
2
1
5
1
1
2
1
2
13
25
Physicians
2
4
"T
Policemen, firemen, watchmen
1
Stenographers
1
Stone and marble workers
Tailors
4
1
12
Veterinary
5
Total...,
. '
290
'"as
2
5
.....
8
561
3
1
2
16
1,324
5
1
20
4
159
2
1
53
9
159
7
2
'"9
17
4
38
1
5
14
4
34
1
14
31
8
72
1
5
27
2
8
1
12
42
5
24
10
15
39
123
4
16
15
109
216
4
3
9
22
28
1
4
3
33
5
7
15
4
16
6
"'?0'
93
19
19
1
3
2
13
13
1
2
'.'••'«'
11
17
1
20
.....
4
2
31
12
4
216
7
"'si'
19
"'2'
215
505
2
2
10
16
9
1,224
2.596
•
1
1
164
2
15
"'55'
164
2
32
1
75
9
2
213
1
25
21
6
429
1
56
2.099
4.695
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
TABLE VII.—Nativity
of patients admitted.
For the biennial period.
Males.
Females.
1
Holland
Italy
From the beginning.
Males.
Total.
..
. . . .
1
1
22
1
1
"9'
5
1
1
1
31
6
243
3
25
1
53
569
8
57
2
137
1
2
23
1
2
21
24
1
2
7
4
11
326
5
32
1
84
4
16
6
2
2
6
1
8
6
22
7
10
7
71
170
29
95
4
35
144
18
81
11
106
314
47
176
6
1
3
1
2
1
13
3
4
1
7
33'
17
9
1
2
50
16
4
2
9
83
33
13
3
2
8
6
1
612
10
16
12
3
1,238
4
4
42
3
4
1
'"«'
4
5
4
83
7
4
3
1
193
2
10
1
452
4
1
126
44
19
1
1
254
102
37
1
8
155
24
"'2'
128
14
2
S
"'io'
i
283
38
2
2
18
1
1
90
193
4
1
1
3
1
7
2
1
2
1
3
7
33
18
51
259
2
1
24
7
1
19
3
1
43
10
2
128
58
18
4
3
3
6
1
1
1
Utah
1
Total
10
4
1
1
i
Wales
8
8
6
2
626 »
103
3
South Dakota
Total.
1
....
Poland
Females.
1
1
1
Ohio
51
1
7
"i
i
1
1
4
10
4
27
3
258
145
5
50
3
403
2,596
2,099
4,695
1
1
22
18
2
1
40
290
215
505
2
12
1
23
2
1
6
22
RECAPITULATION.
Unascertained
Total
..
322
133
40
2,349
1,943
403
505
4,695
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
52
TABLE VIII.—Duration of disease previous to admission.
For the biennial period. .
Males.
Total
Females.
Total.
From the beginning.
Males.
Females.
Total.
58
31
14
8
19
55
17
12
7
10
113
48
26
15
29
469
248
142
45
262
389
207
127
44
169
858
455
269
89
431
42
25
23
10
60
32
20
11
20
31
74
45
34
30
91
368
212
195
132
523
314
216
205
124
304
682
428
400
256
827
290
215
505
2,596
2,099
4,695
TABLE IX.—Civil condition.
From the beginning.
For the biennial period.
Males.
Widowed
Total
. . .
Females.
Total.
Males.
Females.
Total
118
127
30
6
9
126
47
25
15
2
244
174
55
21
11
1,020
1,212
158
59
147
1,339
457
208
72
23
2,359
1,669
366
131
170
290
215
505
2,596
2,099
4,695
TABLE X.—Age of patients.
For the biennial period.
Males.
Females.
From the beginning.
Total.
Males.
Females.
Total.
16 to 20
21 to 25
26 to 30
31 to 35
2
17
25
23
30
12
22
28
29
2
29
47
51
59
17
148
267
337
280
13
113
206
278
291
30
261
473
615
571
36 to 40
41 to 45
46 to 50
51 to 55
18
33
29
27
19
24
19
15
37
57
48
42
273
271
185
168
273
229
190
131
546
500
375
299
56 to 60
61 to 70
19
36
25
6
14
22
11
33
58
36
6
129
195
128
198
105
127
73
70
234
322
201
268
290
215
505
2,596
2,099
4,695
Total
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
53
TABLE XI.—Probable exciting cause.
For the biennial period.
Females.
Males.
11
21
4
Fright
Ill-health
Phthisis
Total
2
17
From the beginning.
Total.
Males.
Females.
Total.
9
4
13
38
4
16
4
74
103
12
99
84
101
53
37
36
56
175
156
49
135
140
1
3
22
1
10
19
2
13
41
8
2
10
12
38
204
4
53
23
135
132
5
24
35
173
338
9
77
14
30
5
3
19
1
1
33
31
6
3
8
195
285
27
15
18
326
7
4
18
26
521
292
31
33
4
2
8
12
2
9
9
1
53
7
3
2
37
14
29
211
3
90
21
32
211
3
3
2
2
24
2
5
4
29
3
7
65
38
114
23
31
10
16
56
26
23
34
17
SI
94
140
5
26
7
87
2
1
16
2
83
1
6
42
9
170
3
31
147
65
694
155
5
9
116
11
507
21
5
40
263
76
1,201
176
290
215
505
2,596
2,099
4,695
2
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
54
TABLE XII.—Residence of patients admitted.
From the beginning.
For the biennial period.
Males.
Bay
.
Clare
Clinton
Females.
Total.
Males.
6
8
4
4
1
5
3
7
13
7
4
74
60
29
15
6
4
10
1
11
33
17
5
22
61
3
2
1
1
4
3
30
17
15
2
17
90
15
13
8
21
2
2
Delta
1
Gratiot
2fi
20
.
Kent
Ottawa
. . .
20
15
5
4
7
3
12
7
19
10
29
1
2
3
1
2
5
3
8
14
14
136
125
45
34
1
5
33
13
40
1
16
66
13
101
14
15
1
51
7
44
32
1
141
22
15
9
61
2
5
38
31
132
2
5
20
125
123
97
5
21
94
120
60
12
41
219
243
157
49
35
2
2
1
52
30
1
2
1
101
65
3
3
78
23
22
71
10
89
1
29
8
21
8
13
167
1
50
16
1
5
13
4
17
49
2
1
2
28
.44
3
1
6
45
93
5
28
11
106
87
53
1
13
87
57
60
1
24
193
144
113
88
88
52
39
70
31
66
21
1
158
119
118
60
1
'
10
(i
10
11
13
24
4
8
4
1
8
9
10
1
27
7
16
14
7
26
1
41
14
140
11
183
57
1
119
4
158
58
259
15
341
115
1
G
3
11
2
17
5
7
4
9
2
16
6
59
20
7
58
16
68
13
6
62
16
127
33
13
120
32
.
.
Total.
62
65
16
19
1
1
46
35
Females.
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
55
TABLE XII.—Concluded.
From the beginning.
For the biennial period.
Females.
- Males.
Hales.
Total.
1
11
10
2
7
2
9
25
21
7
15
5
1
23
1
1
20
1
65
8
107
51
7
2
57
2
25
54
27
3
122
10
132
105
215
505
2,590
2,099
4,695
3
1
4
1
1
1
2
14
1
9
290
State....
Total
Females.
8
14
11
5
8
3
1
Ft Clair
Wexford
Total.
ESTIMATES OF SPECIAL APPROPRIATIONS.
The following are the estimates of special appropriations requested
by the Board of Trustees and submitted to the State Board of Corrections and Charities for its approval:
To the State Board of Corrections and Charities:
Gentlemen: As required by section 2228, Compiled Laws of 1897. I
submit below, estimates of special appropriations requested by the Board
of Trustees of the Northern Michigan Asylum for new roof of boiler
room; for carpenter and paint shop; for cold storage room; extension
to cottage 34; for heating plant; for carriage barn; fencing; for artesian
wells; for re-roofing cottages 28 and 32; extension to laundry and
laundry machinery, enlargement of switch board, and paving of Asylum
avenue.
I.
NEW ROOF FOR BOILER ROOM.
5 iron girders or trusses, each 80 feet long
Steel beams
Gravel roof
Lumber
Brick work, labor, etc
fl,125
1(55
350
800
515
00
00
00
00
00
|2,955 00
II.
CARPENTER AND PAINT SHOP.
Excavation, 2,000 cubic yards, at 25 cents
Stone and concrete work
Gravel roof
Lumber
Doors and windows, door jams, window jams, complete
Shafting and belting
Electric motor, 30 H. P
foOO
1,000
200
500
500
500
550
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
56
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
Sewer connection
Electric wiring and electric light
fixtures
Heating and plumbing
Carpenter work, labor, nails, hinges, sash and door locks...
$150 00
100 00
600 00
900 00
$5,500 00
III.
COLD STORAGE ROOM.
Eefrigerating apparatus, etc., complete as per estimates of
the Boland Machinery Company
Enlargement and alterations in present ice house
$4,600 00
900 00
$5,500 00
IV.
EXTENSION TO COTTAGE 34.
Stone and concrete work
:
Brick work and cut stone
Window frames, glass, carpenter work, etc
V.
$100 00
200 00
200 00
HEATING PLANT.
For vacuum system, automatic temperature regulation,
radiators, etc., and installing heating system complete. .
For the proposed ventilating system
For hot-water system, heater and purifier, with circulating
pumps, complete
Boiler feed pump, one pump in duplicate of one in use
$36,960 00
26,250 00
5,200 00
630 00
$69,040 00
VI.
CARRIAGE BARN. .
Concrete and stone work
125,000 brick, at $12 per M
4,000 feet concrete floor, at 9 cents
5,000 feet matched pine flooring
5,000 feet matched ceiling
50,000 shingles, at $3.00 per M
36,000 feet lumber
10 windows, complete, at $10.00
15 windows, complete, at $3.00
6 doors and frames, at $10.00
3 doors, at $15.00
200 yards plastering, at 20 cents
1,200 yards painting, at 20 cents
Hardware, etc
Labor and carpenter work
Electric wiring and sewers
$216 00
1,500 00
360 00
125 00
125 00
150 00
570 00
100 00
45 00
60 00
45 00
40 00
240 00
300 00
624 00
500 00
$5,000 00
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
VII.
57
FENCING.
5,357 feet iron fencing, at 56 cents per foot
VIII.
f3,000 00
ARTESIAN WELLS.
2 wells, estimated cost of each f 500.00, including pipe, driving shoe, cap, etc
IX.
fl,000 00
RE-ROOFING COTTAGES 28 AND 32.
200 squares No. 1 slate laid complete
12% squares tin laid complete
f 2,000 00
100 00
.
X.
$2,100 00
LAUNDRY EXTENSION, LAUNDRY ROOF AND MACHINERY.
Concrete, brick and stone work; window frames, door
frames, doors, windows, sewers, electric lighting, plumbing, carpenter work and labor
Washing machine
Extractor
Body ironer
All completely installed.
95 squares gravel roofing
$1,025
685
375
215
00
00 ,
00
00
500 00
$2,800 00
XI.
ENLARGEMENT OF SWITCH BOARD.
Enlargement of switch board
XII.
$750 00
PAVING OF ASYLUM AVENUE.
3,000 square yards bitulithic pavement, at $2.25 per square
yard
2,000 running feet gutter, at 40 cents
$6,750 00
800 00
$7,550 00
RECAPITULATION.
New roof for boiler room .......
Carpenter and paint shop
Cold storage room
Extension to cottage 34
Heating plant
Carriage barn
Fencing
Artesian wells
Ee-roonng of cottages 28 and 32
Laundry
Enlargement of switch board
Paving of Asylum avenue
:
$2,955 00
5,500 00
5,500 00
500 00
69,040 00
5,000 00
3,000 00
1,000 00
2,100 00
2,800 00
750 00
7,550 00
Total
All of which is respectfully submitted,
$105,695 00
JAMES D. MUNSON,
Medical Superintendent.
58
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
The following is the report of the State Board of Corrections and
Charities on the above requests for appropriations:
BOARD OF CORRECTIONS AND CHARITIES,
LANSING, OCT. 29, 1908.
James D. Munson, M. D., Medical Superintendent, Northern Michigan
Asylum, Traverse City, Michigan:
Dear Sir: Your communication to the State Board of Corrections
and Charities, submitting for its consideration and opinion the proposed appropriations for the Northern Michigan Asylum for the years
1910 and 1911, was duly received. The asylum -was visited and its
conditions and needs investigated. The board has carefully considered
the appropriations proposed, and agrees in the recommendations herewith submitted notwithstanding the large amount in the aggregate.
The necessity of the institution arising from the outworn heating equipment can only be met by the installation of an entirely new pla'nt.
New roof for boiler room
f2,955 00
The present roof is worn out and a new roof seems to the Board to
be a necessity. The item is approved.
Carpenter and paint shop
$5,500 00
The need for this shop is very apparent and the board gives it approval, but in the interest of economy approves the expenditure of but
$4,000 for such purpose.
Cold storage room
$5,500 00
The present provision for cold storage is, in the judgment of the
Board, only to be condemned, and the item is approved.
Extension to cottage 34
$500 00
Approved.
Heating plant
69,040 00
The board has given this item most careful consideration and has
thoroughly examined the existing conditions, and regards the installation of a new plant as an imperative necessity. The present plant is
a peril to the institution and by reason of frequent leakage is thoroughly
unsanitary. Repairs are a constant necessity, not only entailing large
expenditure, but causing great temporary discomfort. The item is approved.
Carriage barn
Approved.
$5,000 00
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
Fencing
59>
|3,000 00
Approved to the amount of $1,500.
He-roofing of cottages 28 and 32
2,100 00
Approved.
Laundry
2,800 00
The present laundry and furnishings are entirely inadequate to meet
the demands of the asylum, and the item is approved.
Enlargement of switch board
$750 00
Approved.
Paving of Asylum avenue .
7,550 00
The Board appreciates the economic value to the asylum of a good
road-bed, but believes that the necessary expenditures involved should
receive the careful attention of the board of control, and we recommend
that this item be given further consideration and investigation by
your board. The item is, therefore, not approved.
Yours respectfully,
JOHN P. SANDERSON,
HENRY P. MOWBY,
Secretary.
Chairman.
CHAPEL SERVICES.
Religious services have been conducted by the chaplain, Rev. D.
Cochlin, assisted by Revs. Mr. Dutton, Mr. Lockhart, Mr. Canby, and
Mr. Gay, all of Traverse City.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.
The institution would again renew its thanks to the editors of the
following papers for donation of their journals for the use of the
patients:
Germania
Big Rapids Herald
Michigan State Democrat
Grand Traverse Herald
Deaf Mute Mirror
Huron Tribune
Native Copper Times
Der Sonntagsbote, of Grand Rapids
Alpena Argus
Cheboygan Tribune
Triumphs of Faith
To Mr. and Mrs. W. O. Holden, Mrs. Elsie Hannah, Senator and
Mrs. O. C. Moffat and Mr. Asa Hale, our thanks are particularly due
for contribution of periodicals and papers for the use of patients. We
would also extend our thanks to Dr. and Mrs. Benn of Bay City,
Michigan, who so kindly sang for the patients, not only in chapel but
on several of the wards.
60
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
Death for the first time entered the ranks of the staff during the
period. On the 26th day of July, 1907, Dr. James F. Ganavan, who
had been on the staff of the institution since 1899, passed away following an attack of appendicitis. The doctor came to the institution well
equipped from the University and his services on the staff were of the
highest order. He became very enthusiastic from the start in the study
of insanity, both from the clinical and from the laboratory standpoint.
His early death, with such a promising future, was a great loss to his
family and associates, and the institution has also lost a most valuable,
conscientious and efficient officer.
It is apparent to many of us that the period just closed has marked
a change from conservative asylum methods to the newer and up-todate methods of the research laboratory. I am also pleased to state
that the relations between the public and the institution and between'
the asylum and the officials of the various counties of the district, have
been cordial; all of which has been of mutual benefit.
I am under renewed obligations to the members of the staff and to
all employes of the institution for personal kindnesses. Every employe,
without exception, has put forth his best effort in the work. The trustees have been especially careful in the business management of the
institution and have taken a great personal interest in every movement
that tends to the betterment of the hospital. I believe we all feel a
personal pride and interest in the hospital. Whatever progress the asylum has achieved is very largely due to your intelligent direction.
All of which is respectfully submitted,
JAMES D. MUNSON,
Medical Superintendent.
Northern Michigan Asylum, Sept., 1908.
61
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
OFFICERS AND EMPLOYES
OF THE NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM, AND THE WAGES OR SALARIES
PAID EACH, JUNE 30, 1908, AS REQUIRED BY SECTION 2, ACT 206, LAWS 1881.
Service.
Name.
Medical superintendent
: . . . Asst. medical superintendent. .
James D. Munson
A. S.Rowley
W D Mueller
H D Purdum
R. E Wells
C L Whitnev
Demas Cochlin
T.H. A.Tregea
Chaplain
Accountant
C M Prall
A. Newman
C W Nesbitt
Chief engineer
A Hinsdill
Addie AIcMuIlen
A W Hamel
S G Howard
H Leutholtz
Clerk
Clerk
E C Kent
Effie Bixbv
Nettie Blank
,. .
L M Bigbee
piovd Bliss
Emil E Barth
C \r
E L Butler
Arline N Cook.
....
Attendant
Edna M. Crandell
Nettie Cutting.
Chas. Grouse
....
Attendant
Rate.
Period.
S3, 500
2,800
1,500
1,200
1,100
00
00
00
00
00
Per
Per
Per
Per
Per
800
1,800
200
106
50
00
00
00
00
00
Per annum. Resident.
1 ,500 00
l,b'00 00
55 00
50 00
45 00
annum. Resident.
annum. Resident.
annum. Resident.
annum. Resident.
annum. Resident.
Per annum. Non-resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
Per annum. Noil -resident.
35 00
70 00
1 000 00
50 00
33 00
50
65
31
18
28
00
00
00
00
00
18
40
29
16
24
00
00
00
00
00
27
24
28
28
24
00
00
00
00
00
28
24
44
17
18
00
00
00
00
00
24
31
18
42
17
00
00
00
00
00
20
40
20
24
18
00
00
00
00
00
Per month.
Resident.
Per month.
Resident.
STATE
62
OF MICHIGAN.
OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES—Continued.
Service.
Name.
Attendant
4lbert Coryelle
F P Downer .
George Dell
Nellie Ellsworth
Kay Elliott
Geo Fate
H Fletcher
Rose Fletcher
.1. 0. Hoppes
Attendant
Ethel Hanes
Esther Keller
IJbbie Kelley
. . .
\ Kennedy.. .
•Ubert Howard
C H Leutholtz
W Laskev .
Ole Miller
...
Rate.
Period
$24
24
26
24
17
00
00
00
00
00
29
28
32
40
28
00
00
00
00
00
24
17
20
38
38
00"
75
00
00
00
20
24
18
40
37
00
00
00
00
00
33
38
26
44
17
00
00
00
00
00
26
28
35
17
36
00
00
00
00
00
23
38
26
24
20
00
00
00
00
00
38
37
17
25
24
00
00
00
00
00
18
34
24
25
23
00
00
00
00
00
18
26
27
44
17
00
00
00
00
00
24
26
17
28
14
00
00
00
00
00
18
24
18
38
23
00
00
00
00
00
17
31
24
31
28
00
00
00
00
00
Per month.
Resident.
Per month.
Resident.
NORTHERN MICHIGAN ASYLUM.
63
OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES.—Continued.
Attendant
Ella J Miller
Clifford Mull
R. H. McKenzie
Night supervisor
Gladvs McWharters
Attendant
.Sadie E. Nichola
Domestic
V. A. Patrick
Attendant
W Delia Pepper
"Hattie H Parr
F G Park
F G Sutherland
Sadie Scott
Hose Veit
Charlotte Smith
Rob't Tobey
Madge Tissue
Attendant
W.J.Wilson
L <V Wright
Lvllian F Walsh ...
Kunice Walsh
Hattie Walsh
Attendant
'.. Attendant
Attendant
Thomas Whitfield . .
Helen J Whitfield
William J Weiler
Lu cy Wilson
,
Attendant
Telephone operator
Chef
Baker
Georgia Baker
C J Leland
11 F Herkner
W Williamson
.
.
. .
.Joseph Kutnohorsky
EarlMcEvoy
Assistant cook
Assistant cook
Arthur Thompson
Assistant cook
Period.
Rate.
Service.
Name.
,
§18
27
17
40
46
00
50
75
00
00
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month
Per month.
17
17
21
20
20
00
00
50
00
00
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
38
14
33
34
23
00
00
00
00
00
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
40
26
17
31
26
00
00
00
00
00
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
18
20
18
17
14
00
00
00
00
00
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
17
18
26
17
24
00
00
00
00
00
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
23
17
17
IS
24
00
00
00
00
00
26
22
18
40
27
00
00
00
00
00
Per month.
Resident.
24
34
29
31
31
00
00
00
00
00
Per month.
Resident.
44
39
34
27
24
00
00
00
00
00
Per month. Non-resident.
20 00
1 100 00
70 00
56 00
15 00
20
30
24
32
33
00
00
00
00
00
30
24
35
24
40
00
00
00
00
00
Resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Non-resident. •
Non-resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Non-resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month.
Resident.
Per month.
Per month.
Resident.
Resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month.
Per month.
Resident.
Resident.
Per month.
Resident.
Per month.
Per month.
Resident.
Resident.
Per month. Resident.
STATE
04
OF MICHIGAN.
OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES.—Concluded.
Service.
Name.
Rate.
Matthew Sleder
Robert Turek
S -V Conrad . .
Geo F Dell
Charlotte Zitka
W A Western
.
. .
Iva Elliott
Ethel White
Barnrnan
Alfred Annitage
B S Sayre
Barnman
Period.
S24
30
24
24
40
00
00
00
00
00
Per
Per
Per
Per
Per
month.
month.
month.
month.
month.
Resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Non-resident.
20
17
75
35
16
00
00
00
00
00
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Resident.
Resident.
13
14
17
19
23
00
00
00
00
00
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Resident.
Resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
22
17
21
19
19
00
00
00
00
00
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident,
15
13
19
19
60
00
00
00
00
00
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Resident,
Per month. Non-resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
Per month Non-resident.
33
31
30
34
34
00
00
00
00
00
Per month. Non-resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
29 00
32 00
31 00
29 00
1 75
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per day.
E Stanwick
2 00
50 00
1 75
50 00
40 00
Per day.
Non-resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
Per day.
Non-resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
Per month. Resident.
ffhos Dumbrille
60 00
50 00
35 00
60 00
1 75
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
Per month. Resident.
Per month. Non-resident.
Per day.
Non-resident.
W Wildfong . . .
\ Leache .
.
.
Fred E. Davis
Teamster
B. P. Hawkins
M Nolan . .
Assistant engineer
Albert Truka
Peter Hkluzak
H Bu trick
C C Cooper
... -
3 H McMiehael
T B King
Y Na^el
Painter
Laborer
Thos. Pilkington
Pig pens
Teamster
V G Lockwood
Henry Brown
Teamster
-.
Resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Non-resident.
1 75
1 75
2 25
1 50
1 75
Per day.
Per day.
Per day.
Per day.
Per day.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
4
2
2
2
2
50
25
25
25
70
Per
Per
Per
Per
Per
day.
day.
day.
day.
day.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
2 70
2 25
1 75
45 00
34 00
31 00
Per
Per
Per
Per
Per
Per
day. Non-resident.
day. Non-resident.
day. Non-resident.
month. Resident.
month. Non-resident.
month. Non-resident.
31
31
30
29
29
29
29
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
Per month.
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Non-resident.
Non-resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Resident.
Resident..
Resident.
APPENDIX.
APPENDIX.
The asylums of Michigan are organized and governed under Organic law.
an act known as Act 217, Laws of 1903. This act has for its
title "An Act to revise and consolidate the laws organizing
asylums for the insane, and to regulate the care, management
and use thereof, and to provide for the apprehension of persons believed to be insane, and for their care and custody."
The above act was modified in no essential respect as regards commitment of patients by the Laws of 1907, but Section 72, Public Acts of 1907, contains very important provisions regarding the care of persons who are not legal residents of the State of Michigan. The act is too long to
justify its insertion, but all officers and persons interested
in the commitment of patients, whose residence is in doubt,
are requested to study the different sections of this act.
The government of asylums is vested in boards of trustees Government.
appointed by the Governor. (Section 3.)
The State is divided into districts by the Joint Board of Asylum
Trustees. (Section 8.) The counties comprising the district districts.
of the Northern Michigan Asylum are:
Alpena
Antrim
Arenac
Alcona
Benzie
Charlevoix
Clare
Crawford
Cheboygan
Emmet
Gladwin
Grand Traverse
Gratiot
Isabella
losco
Ionia
Kalkaska
Lake
Leelanau
Manistee
Mason
Mecosta
Midland
Missaukee
Montcalm
Montmorency
Muskegon
Newaygo
Oceana
Ogemaw
Osceola
Otsego
Oscoda
Presque Isle
Eoscommon
Wexford
Provision is made by Section 7 for the transfer of patients Transfer from
from one asylum to another when conditions make such trans- Bother*"01 to
fer desirable.
68
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
A patient is not to be committed to an asylum of a district other than that of which he is a resident, unless the
court adjudicates that there is no room in the latter, and that
there is in the former. (Section 8.)
Classes of
Patients are divided into three classes: Public patients,
patients.
private patients, and voluntary patients. (Section 13.)
Voluntary
Voluntary patients are patients who are not insane. They
patients.
are kept and maintained without expense to the State, but
cannot be received so long as there may be applications for
the admission of public or private patients not cared for because of lack of room. In other words, there must be room
for all others seeking admission before any voluntary patients
can be received.
I'ublic and
Both public and private patients can be received only on
private
an order from a probate court declaring the patient insane
patients.
and stating the method of support,—whether public or priOrder void
after thirty
vate. Such an order is void unless patient is sent to the asydays
lum within thirty days after it is issued. (Section 16.)
Bonds.
Besides the order of commitment from the court, there
must accompany a private patient a bond guaranteeing the
payment of his bills. The law (Section 16) makes it incumbent upon the court to see that this bond is furnished.
Advance
Until this bond is furnished the patient is regarded as a
payment.
public charge. There is also required an advance payment
of fifty dollars. Future payments are made at the close of
each quarter.
. New bonds.
ISiew bonds may be called for at any time by the medical
superintendent, and the law requires the court to see that
such new bonds are provided. (Section 16.)
Temporary
P'rovision is made (Section 16) for the reception of both
orders.
public and private patients on temporary orders wherever
conditions demand immediate attention.
Transfer from
Section 21 provides for the transfer of a patient from priprivate to
public.
vate expense to public expense where conditions warrant such
a change.
Non-resident.
Section 30 provides for the temporary reception and care of
insane who are not residents of this State.
Provisional
Section 32 provides for the return to the asylum without a
discharge and
reaclmission of new order of patients who have been discharged on trial,
patients.
where the duration of the temporary absence does not exceed
six months.
Insane women
The attention of county officers is particularly called to the
to he accompanied by female provisions of Section 40 regarding the state of bodily cleanliattendant.
ness and the clothing of patients brought to the asylum, and
more particularly to that clause of the section providing for
a female attendant for insane women.
Removal of
In conveying a patient to the asylum do not deceive him.
patients from
home.
Truth should not be compromised by professing a visit to the
institution, and, on arrival, suggesting to the patient the idea
of staying, when his admission has already been decided upon;
nor should patients be induced to come and "stay a few days
to see how they like it,'' under the impression that they can
Insane to be
committed to
asylum of
their district.
APPENDIX.
69
leave at pleasure. This course not only destroys confidence
in friends, but also in the officers of the asylum, by giving
patients an impression that they are parties to the deception.
Removal to the asylum should never be attempted- when the
patient is much prostrated or laboring under severe bodily
illness, and care should lie taken that the excitement attending acute mental disease be not mistaken for physical
strength.
As friends of patients are often in doubt as to what articles clothing,
of clothing it is necessary to provide the following suggestions are made:
Male patients require 3 new shirts, 1 new and substantial
coat and vest, 2 pairs of pantaloons, 3 pairs socks, 2 pairs
drawers, 2 undershirts, 1 hat or cap, 1 cravat, 3 collars, 6
handkerchiefs, 1 pair of shoes or boots, 1 pair slippers, 1
overcoat.
Female patients should have 3 calico dresses, 3 chemies, 3
pairs drawers, 4 pairs hose, 3 night-dresses, 3 cotton-flannel
skirts, 6 handkerchiefs, 4 collars, I pair shoes, 1 pair slippers,
1 shawl or cloak, 1 hat, hood or nubia, 4 aprons.
The outfit should be liberal when circumstances permit. As
nearly all the patients go regularly into the open air each day,
it is desirable that they be furnished with clothing of a character to enable them to go comfortably in all weather, and
also to appear at little social gatherings.' When desired, articles of clothing, etc., will be furnished at the institution.
Jewelry should not be brought with patients. If such articles
are left in their possession the asylum cannot l>e responsible
for their safe keeping.
All letters concerning patients, from individuals having correspondthe right to make inquiry, will be answered at once; and
friends are promptly advised of any severe illness, accident,
or event of moment or interest. The postoffice and telegraphic addresses of one correspondent in each case are recorded, to whom such communications are sent. Letters are
frequently received to which replies cannot be mailed, for the
reason that the postoffice address is not clearly given. A little care on the part of friends will often save them disappointment and the asylum unmerited censure. Information
concerning inmates will not be given to casual visitors, except at the written request of friends.
Where relatives of patients desire friends who are not mem- visiting
bers of the family to visit patients, they should, in every in- patientsstance, furnish these friends with a letter of introduction,
authorising the interview.
Application for admission should be made before the patient Application
7
T , i
n
i
ii i
«n t
f
. 1 - 1 , 1 for admission
is brought
to the
asylum.
A* blank
will
be furnished
the Of patients.
friends which provides for a complete history of the patient's
trouble.
All correspondence in reference to patients should be addressed to Dr. James D. Munson, Northern Michigan Asylum,
Traverse City.
INDEX.
PAGE.
Accounts, classification of
Accounts, current
Acknowledgments
Additional buildings, recommendations for
Additional buildings, built
Admission of private patients
Admission of indigent and pauper patients
Admissions and discharges
Age of patients. Table
Appropriations, report on
Artesian wells
Barns
Boiler feed pumps
Carpenter and paint shop
Civil conditions. Table
Classification. Table
Correspondence
Cost of maintenance
*
Clothing
Chapel services
Cold storage room
Deaths, causes, etc
Duration of disease. Table
Estimates of special appropriations
Extension to cottage 34
Extension of laundry
Exciting causes. Table
Farm and garden products
Farm and garden
Fencing
Form of disease. Table
Government of asylum
Heredity. Table
Heating plant
Hot water system
Improvements
Improvement of Asylum avenue
Increase of patients
Inventory, summary of
Movement of population. Table
Nativity of patients. Table
,
Names of officers and employees, etc
•
26
26-29
59
11
32
68
68
37
52
12-14
19
56
18
14
52
43
69
10
69
59
15
38-41
52
55
15
19
53
34
20
18
45
67
49
15
18
11
19
10-11
35
36
51
61-64
72
INDEX.
Needs of the asylum
'.
Officers
Occupations. Table
.•
Report of trustees
Report of treasurer
Report of medical superintendent
Report of steward
Report of auditing committee
Report of State Board of Corrections and Charities
Removal of patients to asylum
Roof for boiler room
Re-roofing of cottages
Receipts and disbursements
Residence of patients. Table
Recapitulation
Special appropriations
Support of patients by counties
Switch board, enlargement of
Ventilating system
PAGE.
14
3, 5, 6, 21
50
7-21
22-25
36-60
30-33
29
58-59
68
14
19
21
54
20
12-14
9
19
17
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