Report of the Board of Managers, Medical Superintendent and Treasurer of the Michigan Asylum for Insane Criminals at Ionia, Michigan, for the Biennial Period ended June 30, 1890

Report of the Board of Managers, Medical Superintendent and Treasurer of the Michigan Asylum for Insane Criminals at Ionia, Michigan, for the Biennial Period ended June 30, 1890

Psychiatric hospitals.

Report of the Board of Managers, Medical Superintendent and Treasurer of the Michigan Asylum for Insane Criminals at Ionia, Michigan, for the Biennial Period ended June 30, 1890. Includes details on the appropriation of land, buildings and other equipment for the facility's use. Report was delivered to Governor Cyrus G. Luce.

Board of Managers, Michigan Asylum for Insane Criminals at Ionia, Michigan

Original held by the Traverse Area District Library, Traverse City (Mich.)

Lansing: Robert Smith & Co., State Printers and Binders.

1890

Medical Superintendent and Treasurer of Michigan Asylum for Insane Criminals at Ionia, Michigan

This document is in the public domain.

See other reports from the Board of Trustees in the "Traverse City State Hospital" Digital Collection.

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English.

Document

MSH0003

Ionia, Ionia County, Michigan

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF MANAGERS,
MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENT
TREASURER

IONIA, MICHIGAN,

BIENNIAL PEKIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 1890.

BY AUTHORITY.

LANSING:
EGBERT SMITH & CO., STATE PRINTERS AND BINDERS,
1890.

BOARD OF MANAGERS.

H. RICH, PRESIDENT,
JEEOME CEOUL,
MOBEAU 8. CEO8BY,

IONIA.
DETROIT.
GRAND EAPIDS.

OFFICEES.

O. E. LONG, M. D.,
A. S. DOLAN, M. D.,
P. D. CUTLEE, W. D, AENOLD,

MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENT.
- ASSISTANT PHYSICIAN.
TREASURER.
- CLERK AND STEWARD.

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF MANAGERS.

OFFICE OF THE
)
ASYLUM FOB DANGEROUS AND CKIMINAL INSANE, >
Ionia, Michigan, August 8, 1890.
}
HON. CYBUS G. LUCE, Governor of Michigan :
SIR—In conformity with the requirements of law, we, the undersigned,
managers of said institution, herewith present for your consideration, our
biennial report, ending with June, 1890.
The period which has elapsed since our last report, has been well
improved in all departments of work pertaining to the care of patients and
property under the supervision of our efficient Superintendent.
The mortality among the patients, and the small amount of sickness are
quite phenomenal, when we consider the physical and mental condition of
these unfortunates as they come to us.
The accidents to patients referred in the Superintendent's report to us,
which is here furnished, is of course greatly to be regretted, and would
not have occurred, but for a positive disobedience of orders on the part of
attendants, which was promptly and properly followed, by their dismissal.
Great care has always been taken by the Superintendent, that the
patients are carefully cared for and kindly treated, and it has been a matter
•of great surprise to us, that they have been so quiet and manageable, considering the slight restraint placed upon them here as compared with what
it was considered necessary to put them under, before coming here. We
consider the institution in all departments a model of cleanliness and good
order, growing out of the excellent executive ability and vigilence of Doctor
Long.
The total appropriation made by the last Legislature, for buying a farm,
building a cottage, building a barn, and furnishing the cottage, and various
other needed expenditures was twenty-four thousand one hundred and
seventy-five dollars, which amount has been disbursed as shown by the
treasurer's report herewith; in the appropriation for a barn was five hundred dollars, which sum was all expended for a basement wall and material, leaving the work all to be paid for from the current expenses. You
are conversant with the fact that with your consent, we bought a portion
of the Freeman farm, on the south side of Grand river for the location of
the asylum cottage. The farm consisted of ninety-eight acres, without
any timber for a grove, which we all deemed of great importance. This
induced us to buy ten acres of a beautiful grove of timber from Mr. James
Loomis, lying contiguous and adjoining, and seventy acres of the Freeman
farm, making eighty acres, all the law permitted us to buy. The remaining twenty-eight acres of said farm was bought by Mr. W. D. Arnold at
our request, for which he paid eight hundred dollars, giving us a contract

6

MICHIGAN ASYLUM FOR INSANE CRIMINALS.

to deed the same to the State for same amount, and interest, when we
obtained authority from the Legislature to purchase it, and for which we
expect to ask the Legislature to make an appropriation.
We let the contract to Waterbury & Wright for building the cottage
complete, including steam heating, gas and water piping, bath tubs, water
closets, etc., for the sum of thirteen thousand five hundred dollars, they being
the lowest bidders of four or five who competed, and it gives us pleasure to
be able to say, that they gave us a good building, and have proved themselves
worthy of special mention, although we fear they were not adequately paid
for the job.
In addition to the aforenamed sum, we paid the contractors two hundred
and seventy-four dollars and seventy-six cents for extras. We have paid
for furniture and furnishings, nine hundred and sixty-five dollars and
twenty-four cents; paid the architect for plans and supervision, two hundred and seventy dollars, making the total cost of the cottage, furnished,
fifteen thousand dollars.
The needs of the institution for the next two years, and for which an
appropriation will be asked, in addition to the eight hundred dollars to
pay for the remainder of the Freeman farm, are given in the Superintendent's report, and are fully concurred in by us.
Tour attention is respectfully called to the Superintendent's report for
more minutia of detail than we desire to cover; suffice to say it is very full
and satisfactory, and in closing we cannot but feel grateful to you for the
uniform and earnest interest you have always manifested in behalf of the
most unfortunate class of the wards of the State, also for your advice and
encouragement.
Respectfully,
HAMPTON EICH,
MOEEAU. S. CEOSBY,
JEEOME CEOUL,
Board of Managers*

REPORT OF THE MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENT.

Honorable Board of Managers of the Michigan Asylum for Insane
Criminals:
GENTLEMEN—The biennial report, showing business, important occurrences, etc., for the period ending June 30, 1890, is herewith respectfully
submitted.
I have also taken occasion to call your attention to the needs of the institution for the ensuing two years, with suggestions, and added the usual
statistics of interest to alienists, if not to all for whose benefit the report
is issued.
The following is a summary of the movement of patients for the time
covered by the report:
Population of the asylum June 30, 1888, 111, Admitted during the
period, 46, of which 38 were males and eight females. Discharged males,
30; females, three; total discharged, 33. Remaining June 30, 1890, 124.
Average daily population, 116. Total number under treatment, 157.
The condition of discharged patients at date of discharge was as follows:
Recovered, 18; improved, seven; unimproved, one; died, seven.
The admissions were from the Detroit House of Correction, 12; Michi,n State House of Correction and Reformatory, 14; Michigan State Prison,
1; Michigan Asylum for the Insane, six; Eastern Michigan Asylum, three.
Of the 46 admitted, there were discharged cured, 11; improved, one; by
death, one; by elopement, one; remaining in asylum, 32. Of the patients
admitted, nine had been in other asylums for treatment.
The present population overcrowds the institution and this number
would not have been admitted but for the prospects of speedy relief from
this condition, by our being able to transfer patients to our farm cottage
within 30 days from date.
Two occurrences much to be regretted and the first of the kind since the
organization of the institution we experienced during the year 1889. They
consisted of the death of patient, James T. Jackson, at the hands of patient
Olaf Algren, and that of Margaret Stone by gaining access to medicine
intended for another patient and taking sufficient to produce the result
mentioned.
The following are the circumstances regarding their death: James
Jackson was a demented patient who rendered some assistance in the
patients' kitchen, Olaf Algren was a patient with homicidal tendencies
admitted as a transfer from the Eastern Michigan Asylum, Dec. 31, 1885,
and during the nearly four years in this asylum he was kept almost constantly secluded and never allowed to go to the dining room for meals, or
associate with other patients. It had been the custom to occasionally have

8

MICHIGAN ASYLUM FOR INSANE CRIMINALS.

Algren taken to the airing court by a special attendant, at a time when
no other patient was in the court, and strict orders had been given that the
accompanying attendant should keep constantly at his side, and use every
precaution to prevent his getting possession of anything that could be used
as a weapon. On the morning of July 12, 1889, attendant J. L. Clark,
who had been in charge of Algren for three preceding months, and knew
of his dangerous proclivities, took him to the airing court, and at the
patient's suggestion accompanied him to the kitchen to get a drink of
water; after drinking Algren seized a carving knife and without provocation, and only because Jackson was the nearest person, he stabbed him, the
knife entered the heart and death resulted almost instantly. It was with
difficulty the knife was wrested from Algren, as the sight of it and the act
incited him to kill all within reach. Jackson was 55 years of age, had
been an inmate of an asylum for seven and a half consecutive years, and
was incurably insane.
Margaret Stone's death was due to her taking a poisonous dose of the Fl.
Ex't of Gelsemium, under the impression it was whiskey. Nov. 18,1889,
Dr. Dolan, the assistant physician of the institution prepared for a patient
a recipe consisting of five drachms of Fl. Ex't of Gelsemium and four
ounces of water, with directions to administer one teaspoonful at a dose
three times daily. The medicine was placed in the chief attendant's room
which is a room that under the printed rules should be locked at all times.
About 3 o'clock, p. m., the-18th, the seamstress and an attendant were in
the room, both leaving at the same time, and by a misunderstanding each
depended upon the other to lock the door, and both failed to do so. About
4:45 p. m., nearly half the medicine was missing, and almost at the same
time, Mrs. Stone was found suffering from its affects. The medical officers
were summoned at once, and every effort put forth to counteract the effects
of the drug, but it was of no avail, death resulted within 45 minutes, and
as near as could be estimated about two and a half hours after taking the
Gelsemium. Mrs. Stone was subject to attacks of Recurrent Mania, and
from the frequent attacks had become demented. She was 56 years of age,
had been an inmate of an asylum for eleven consecutive years, the last four
of which were spent in this institution. She was incurable.
The mortality rate for the period was very low for a hospital of this
character. Including the two accidental deaths it was but 3 % of the whole
number treated for the two years.
THE COTTAGE SITE.

The land purchased by you for a cottage site is admirably adapted for
the purpose and could not be improved upon as a site for the entire
institution, which it will probably ultimately be.
The building site is a plauteau of about 30 acres, 130 feet above Grand
river, which it overlooks-, and affords one of the finest views of its
valley and the city of Ionia to be had in this vicinity. Adjoining this is a
grove of oak, beech, and maple that for a park and recreation grounds
cannot be excelled.
While the beautiful view afforded, and facilities for perfect drainage,
etc., are desiderata, not always obtainable, one of the rarest and most
important advantages here afforded is the natural spring water supply
within 100 rods of and 33 feet above grade at the building site. Two
of these springs now empty into a reservoir connected with the cottage

REPORT OF MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENT.

9

building and will supply at least four hundred barrels daily, the natural
pressure being sufficient to permit its distribution to all parts of the building, which is three stories in height. As we have utilized but a small
fraction of the water available the supply is unquestionably ample for the
demands of the entire institution, and as no pump is necessary for its distribution one of the largest single items of expense of an institution is dispensed with, while a supply of pure spring water is of inestimable value.
COTTAGE BUILDING.

The cottage building, now almost completed, is situated about threequarters of a mile on an air line from the main building, is of brick with
stone foundation—block work above grade—and main partitions, brick. It
•will accommodate 50 patients easily and consists of a main building three
stories above the basement, and a wing two stories above basement. The
extreme length is 95 feet and greatest width 59 feet. The basement story
is nine feet in height, being four feet below and five feet above grade, and
•contains the general dining room, kitchen, cold storage room, two rooms
for supplies, boiler room, two fuel rooms, emergency laundry, lavatory,
water closet, and one broom and mop closet. The first floor contains vestibule, reception room, principal keeper's bed room, private bath room and
water closet, one day room for patients, 18x44 feet, an eight foot hall the
entire length of building, nine single rooms for patients, attendants' room,
lavatory and water closet, and one broom closet. The second floor contains 11 single rooms for patients, one four-bed dormitory, one eight-bed
dormitory, one attendant's room, one servant's room, one clothes room, one
bath room, lavatory and water closet and one broom closet. The third
story contains seven single rooms for patients, one eight-bed dormitory,
one three-bed dormitory and one broom closet. The attic of the wing
serves for general storage room.
Hot and cold water on all floors, stand pipe with hose connection on
•each floor. An iron fire escape at rear of building connects with each flat.
The building is heated by steam, supplied by a Bates automatic damper,
self feed boiler. The radiators for indirect radiation are the gold pin
radiators.
All sewage is conveyed to a catch basin within 20 feet of the building,
and from this an eight-inch sewer extends to Grand river.
A private telephone line connects it with the main building.
OTHEB NEW BUILDINGS.

The other new buildings erected during the period were, one farm barn,
an addition to ice house, and greenhouse. The barn is 36x46 feet, with
basement, and 20 feet posts. The addition to ice house is 16x36 feet and
gives ample storage capacity for the ice required at the main building.
The greenhouse is small but enables us to furnish all wards with plants,
adding to the cheerfulness of wards and conducing to the benefit of
patients in many ways.
IMPROVEMENTS.

The principal improvements made during the period were laying
encaustic tile floors in the general kitchen and a majority of the bath
2

10

MICHIGAN ASYLUM FOR INSANE CRIMINALS.

rooms and water closets, furnishing some water closets with automatic
flushing tanks, adding to the battery of boilers one 4x12 feet high pressure
boiler used to supply steam for cooking purposes, running laundry
machinery, machines in engineer's shop, sewing machine, and heating
water for bathing. A John Van range was placed in the general kitchen^
making our cooking apparatus complete.
The windows of the general kitchen, attic, fire and boiler room, fuel
room, engineer's machine shop, carpenter's shop, and paint shop, were all
securely barred, enabling us to assign patients to work in these various
departments whom it has heretofore been necessary to confine to the
wards, as they had an unexpired sentence to serve and the facilities for
escape were too great to assume the risk. The present arrangement is a
decided benefit to the patients and a financial gain to the state. The
walls of the administration building were papered, or painted and kalsomined. Minor improvements too numerous to mention, but aggregating a
large amount of labor, were made in all departments.
NEEDS.
The needs of the institution are numerous, some are imperative, others
depend upon the policy it is deemed best to adopt in regard to the continuance of the care of patients in the present main building.
Four hundred dollars is needed for fencing farm, all fences require
rebuilding, and at least three hundred and fifty rods of new board fence
is needed.
Five hundred dollars should be appropriated for improving grounds, this
includes laying all necessary walks.
One hundred and fifty dollars expended for fruit and ornamental trees,,
grape and berry vines, would be a profitable investment.
Tool sheds, hog pens, a root cellar, and other out buildings, will be a
necessity, and six hundred dollars should be the minimum asked for, for
these purposes.
The institution now owns seven cows, the milk supply is not sufficient,
and as the population increases the shortage will be considerable, and as
there is sufficient pasture on lands not tillable, at least five or six cows
should be added to our herd, and the cost would be about one hundred
and seventy-five dollars.
The cornices of main building, and all painted portions, require repainting. And in almost every department more or less repairs are required
that to neglect would be extravagance. Three hundred dollars could be
judiciously expended under the head of General Repairs.
The institution has now attained such a size as to make it no longer
economical to purchase the bread consumed, therefore an oven should be
provided. There are patent ovens manufactured that can be purchased
for $150 to $200 that would serve our purpose well. Other than economic
reasons could be adduced to show the necessity of this appropriation.
Soft water for culinary and steam purposes is desirable, and one hundred
and twenty dollars should be appropriated for two cisterns and connections.
As is well known Governors Alger, and Luce, the State Board of Corrections and Charities, all Legislative committees to the institution, and
other officers that have given the subject attention, were of the unanimous
opinion that the original building was not properly located for asylum
purposes, and opposed its extension. The reason for this conclusion have

REPOKT OF MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENT.

11

been so fully set forth and frequently alluded to that it is unnecessary torepeat them. The farm recently purchased by you was selected with special reference to its fitness for the location of the entire institution at any
time it is deemed advisable to do so. And as to the advisability of an
appropriation sufficient for the erection of a building or buildings of sufficient capacity to accommodate all of the patients now in the asylum and
the probable increase for four years, and abandon the present main building for asylum purposes, or provide for the erection of a single cottage to
care for the prospective increase only, are questions that it would probably
be advisable to leave to a consensus of opinion of the Governor, the Legislative committees to the institution, and your Honorable Board, after a full
consideration of the best interests of the State and inmates. That it will
be necessary to provide for the accommodations of more patients than can
be properly cared for with our present available room there can be no
question.
As the expense of the measure adopted will be an important factor to beconsidered I submit what in my judgment would be the cost of both.
For accommodation of all patients on the cottage plan:
Three cottages with a combined capacity of 160 patients
$60,000 OO1
Administration building and Superintendent's residence
10,000 00
Laundry building
1,500 00
Boiler and fuel building
3,000 00
General dining hall
2,500 00
Reservoir and water distribution, including pumps for fire
protection
_
5,000 00
Boilers and engine
3,000 00
Steam heat
3,000 00
Total

r

$88,000 00

Cost of building with capacity of 160 patients, and detached
Administration building and Superintendent's residence.- $88,000 00'
Cost of single cottage for accommodation of 60 patients
20,000 00'
COST OP MAINTENANCE.

In accordance with the statutes, at the beginning of each year an estimate of the cost of maintenance of patients for the ensuing year has been
made, and each year we have been enabled to make a considerable reduction. We are now charging 52 cents per capita per day for the maintenance of patients, which includes, wages and expenses of all employes about
the institution, medicines furnished, etc. I would recommend a further
reduction of charges for maintenance for the ensuing year of at least three
cents per day, notwithstanding the prospective increase of cost of commissary supplies.
There could be a further decrease of cost of maintenance, with increaseof population, as it would not be necessary to increase that class of employes
who receive the highest salaries. With double the number now in the
asylum, those now in charge of departments could meet the demands made^
upon them.

12

MICHIGAN ASYLUM FOR INSANE CRIMINALS.
CASE OF PATIENTS.

In the appendix of this report will be found the asylum rules, and as
every effort is made to enforce them, the care the patients receive can be
fairly estimated. All mechanical restraint on male wards has been practically abolished, and on the female wards has been reduced to a minimum
consistent with safety, considering the limited number of female employes,
and the large per cent of homicidal patients. Where patients are dominated by the desire to commit homicide, tact and vigilence will accomplish
much, but a test of strength will often be found necessary, and nonrestraint can in such cases be resorted to only where help sufficient for
safety, is at all times available.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

Revs. J. J. Phelps, W. H. Scott and A. M. Gould, of Ionia City have
conducted our religious services, and Miss Winnie Hersey presided at the
organ. All connected with the institution appreciate their kindness, and
the sacrifices they made for our benefit.
We are under special obligations to Mr. John L. Pierson, of 150 Nassau
street, New York, for his interest in our patients, and his generosity. At
Christmas time he sent illustrated cards containing greetings, and compliments of the season, to all who had any appreciation of them. He also
presented for our patients' library, 80 volumes of bound books and a number of periodicals. To add to the cheerfulness of the wards and the
amusements of patients he presented us 48 chromos, 20x28 inches, and two
sets of dominos.
No charitable act is more fully appreciated by the inmates of the asylum,
as well as the officers, than is the contribution of the regular weekly issue
of the following newspapers by their publishers:
Argus, Hart, Mich.
Allegan Journal, Allegan, Mich.
Barry County Democrat, Hastings, Mich.
Big Rapids Herald, Big Rapids, Mich.
Cassopolis Vigilant, Cassopolis, Mich.
Charlotte Republican, Charlotte, Mich.
Detroit Courier, Detroit, Mich.
De Gronduet, Holland, Mich.
Flint Globe, Flint, Mich.
Germania, Grand Rapids, Mich.
Grand Rapids Eagle, Grand Rapids, Mich.
Grand Traverse Herald, Traverse City,
Mich.
Hart Journal, Hart, Mich,
Hillsdale Standard, Hillsdale, Mich.
Herald Times, West Branch, Mich.
Inter Lake, Vernon, Mich.
Ionia Sentinel, Ionia, Mich.
Kalamazoo Gazette, Kalamazoo, Mich.
Kalamazoo Leader, Kalamazoo, Mich.
Lapeer Clarion, Lapeer, Mich.
Le Patriot, Bay City, Mich.

Manistique Tri-Weekly Pioneer, Manistique, Mich.
Northville Record, Northville, Mich.
Ontonagon Miner, Ontonagon, Mich,
Otsego County Herald, Gaylord, Mich.
Owosso Weekly Press, Owosso, Mich.
Plain Dealer, Detroit, Mich.
Pilgrims Progress, Elk Rapids, Mich.
Public Leader, Detroit, Mich.
Reform Press, Dunnville, Canada.
Saginaw Valley News, Saginaw, Mich.
Shelby Republican, Shelby, Mich.
South Haven Messenger, So. Haven, Mich.
St. Glair Republican, St. Clair, Mich.
State Republican, Lansing, Mich.
Traverse Bay Eagle, Traverse City, Mich.
Wayne County Review, Wayne, Mich.
Weekly Expositor, Yale, Mich.
Weekly Globe, Mendon, Mich.
Wolverine Citizen, Flint, Mich.
Weekly Palladium, Benton Harbor, Mich.
Ypsilantian, Ypsilanti, Mich.

REPORT OF MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENT.

13

I have endeavored to promptly and fully carry out your directions, and
realize that the task might have been otherwise than the pleasure that it
was, had those in charge been less considerate or without practical knowledge of business. To the existence of these qualities in you, is to be
attributed the perfect harmony that has existed between us, and while we
may hope to improve in other directions, in this there is room for none.
Very respectfully yours,
O. E. LONG,
July 1, 1890.
Medical Superintendent.

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1

15

MEDICAL STATISTICS.

TABLE No. 2.—Showing the class of patients admitted during the biennial period
ended June 30, 1890, the length of sentence imposed and the form of insanity.

3
5
1
1
4

2

57

510

11

5

6

6
3
60
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1
1
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2
2
4
1

4
5
6

1
1
1
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10
12
25
Life.

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6

17

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6
6

1

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1
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3
1

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1

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1

1

1

1
2
1
1

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Masturbatic
insanity.

6

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dementia.

3
1
5

2

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Melancholia.

38

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Acute mania.

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Indefinite.

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Months.

Homicidal,

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Form of insanity.

Term of sentence.

Dementia.

Class.

1
1

1
1
1
1

NOTE.—To obtain the totals under "Term of Sentence" multiply the number of years, months or days
respectively by the corresponding number of patients and add the results.

16

MICHIGAN ASYLUM FOR INSANE CRIMINALS.

TABLE No. 3.—Showing the educational condition of patients received during the
biennial period ended June 30,1890, their religious proclivities and age at date of
reception.

7

4

5

1

4

10

9

7

46

Totals

.

46

16

1
1

1

22
54
23
30

1
1
1
1

43
43

Unknown

1

26
21

11

44
22
26
49

1

1

31
32
28
54
26

1
1

1
1
1
1

1

1

1
1

1
1
1

1

1
1
1

1
1

1

1
1

1
1
1

1
1

20
26
19
35
18
30

36
27
35
21

1

1

1

Unknown
30
35
41
85
32

8

1
1

1

i
i
i
i

i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i

1

1

1
1
1
1

1
1

i

11

1
1
1

22
29
28
38
23
36
49
51
88
27

Pa

1

1
1
1

Unknown

1
1
1

1
I

Irreligious.

Catholic.

Protestant.

4
I

Ages.

Unknown

1

1

Aggregate.

•S"|

Religious proclivities.

Common school.

Bead and write.

1

Bead only.

Illiterate.

Unascertained.

Educational condition.

1

1
1
1

i
i
1

i

1

i
1
1

i

1
1

17

MEDICAL, STATISTICS.

TABLE No. 4.—Showing the conjugal relations, color and sex of those admitted during
the biennial period ended June 30, 1890, and their habits in the use of tobacco and
intoxicants.

1

1
1

1

1
1
1
1
1

1

1
1

1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1

1

1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1

1
1

1
1
1

1
1

44
1
1
1

1
1

1
1
1
1
1

3

1

1

1

O>

Totals.
1
2
3
4
5

i

38
1
1

i
I
8

1
1
1

21
1
1

6
7
8
9
10

1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1

11
12
13
U
15

1
1
1
1
1

1

1
1
1
1
1

16
17
18
19
20

1
1
1
1
1

1

1
1
1
1

21
22
23
24
25

1
1
1

1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1

26
27
28
29
30

1
1
1
1
1

31
32
33
34
35

1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1

36
87
38
39
40

1
1
1
_____

1
1
1
1
1
1

41
42
43
44
45
46

1
1
1
1
1
1

14

1

1
1

1

1
1
1

1
1
1

11

1

S
S

B*

21
1
1

I
1
l

1

1
1
1
1

1

o

1

1
1
1
1
1

1

I

l
1
1

1

1
1

1
1

1
1
1

1

1
1
1

1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1

I
1

1

1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1

l

1
1

1
1
1

1

1
1

1

1

1

1
1

4
1

10

1
1
1

1

1
1
1

1
1

15

Unascertained.

1

tobacco.
Dse Tobacco.

10

ii

Use of

intoxicants
Intemperate.

31

g
a
>

Number.

1

Mulatto.

«
1
ft

Widowed.

b

Married and
separated.

1

Use of

Sex.

Temperate.

Color.

Conjugal relations.

1
1
1
1

1
1

1

1

Oheboygan.
Baton _ _ _

Jackson
Kent.

Ottawa _ ...

Washtenaw

^^

35'
5 £,

W'M"
M P

.-

h-I

1-

0,

1-

M

B
o

•*

1-

1-

h^
t*

I

•a 5

1 •4

co

HI

M-

N,

h-

|

K1

|

»—'

ii'
O

!

J

0, M

§

Q_
3*

w

M

|

~

i
|

;

i

|

;

^

]

1-

h-i

15

M
^
-

]

^

K

f-*

^

i

>-

^
B
h-

^

M

-

1

g
|
|
^1

i-

;

MM

!•

M
5

i—i -

-

;

-

M

i-

3
9 U

H H^

M

-

;

i-

?§

M

1

~

i-

r-*

H1

!

i

1 H*

H'

3

r

MM

5-

M

I

1

O

& Unascertained.

-* United States.

~ Pennsylvania.

i- New York.

^

M

CO

Germany.
England.
Sweden.

i- fr Ireland.

^ w a fc>
3 3D §

t

M

Holland.
Euesia.
^
M Sweden.
MEngland.
CO
Germany.
rK
Canada.
^ 0 Ireland.
^ CD Unascertained.
>M.
Maine.
Wisconsin.
1—
Indiana.
w Illinois.
•» Vermont.
c^ Pennsylvania.
CO
1New York.
oo Michigan.
M
! !

•II
o

?a.
1

o

1

1
a
o

i
^

«5 S

a'o

.

•* I

-Ej

B

TABLE No. 6.—Showing Asylum population at the close of each day, the total number of days of Asylum life for each month, and the
daily average for each month, with corresponding totals for the year ended June 30, 1889,
Months.

I)ays of month.

Totals.
July,
1888.

Average daily number, . 114.23+
Totals

1
2
3..
4.
5

6
7..
8

9
10..

11

12..

13
15
IB

17
18..

20 .
2122 .
28...
24
25

26..
27
2829..
30
81-

August, Septemb'r, October, November, December, January, February, March,
1888.
1888.
1888.
1889.
1889.
1889.
1888.
1888.
117 - 116.61+

April,
1889.
118-

May
1889.
117.58+

June,
1889.

110.32+

110.61+

111.03+

110.55+

111.53+

113.90+

115.97+

41,696

3,420

8,429

3,331

3,427

3,346

3,531

8,595

3,276

3,615

3,540

3,646

1,370
1,369
1,368
1,867
1,368
1,368
1,369
1,869

111
111
111
110
110
110
110
110

111
111
111
111
111
111
111
111

110
110
110
110
110
110
109
109

112
111
111
111
111
111
111
111

110
110
110
110
111
111
111
111

118
113
112
112
112
112
115
115

115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115

117
117
117
117
117
117
117
117

117
117
117
117
117
117
116
116

118
118
118
118
118
118
118
118

118
118
118
118
118
118
118
118

118
118
118
118
118
118
118
118

1,368
1,368
1,868
1,369
1,369
1,372
1,370
1,371

110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110

111
111
111
111
111
111
111
111

109
109
109
109
109
112
112
112

112
112
112
112
112
112
110
109

111
• 111
111
112
112
112
112
112

114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114

115
115
115
115
115
115
115
116

117
117
117
117
117
117
117
117

116
116
116
116
116
116
116
117

118
118
118
118
118
118
118
118

117
117
117
117
117
117
117
117

118
118
118
118
118
118
118
118

1,371
1,372
1,372
1,373
1,373
1,373
1,373
1,372

110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110

111
111
111
110
110
110
110
110

112
112
112
113
118
113
113
112

109
109
109
110
110
110
110
110

112
112
112
112
112
112
112
112

114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114

116
117
117
117
117
117
117
117

117
117
117
117
117
117
117
117

117
117
117
117
116
116
llfi
116

118
118
118
118
118
118
118
118

117
117
117
117
118
118
118
118

118
118
318
118
118
118
118
118

1,373
1,373
1,374
1,376
1,259
1,260
799

111
111
111
111
111
111
111

110
110
110
110
110
110
110

112
112
112
112
112
112

110
110
110
110
110
110
110

112
112
112
112
112
113

114
114
115
115
115
115
115

117
117
117
117
117
117
117

117
117
117
117

116
116
116
118
118
118
118

118
118
118
118
118
118

118
118
118
118
118
118
118

118
118
118
118
118
118

1183,540

TABLE No. 7.—Showing the asylum population at the close of each day, the total number of days of asylum life for each month, and
the daily average for each month, with corresponding totals for the year ended June 30, 1890.
Months.
Days of month.

Totals.
Nov.,
1889.

Dec.,
1889.

Jan.,
1890.

Feb.,
1890.

April,
1890.

May,
1890.

119.46+

118.27+

118:32+

120.36-

121.74+

119.77-

119.06+

121.80

3,584

3,663

3,668

3,370

3,774

8,593

3,691

3,654

117
118
118
118
118 •

120
120
119
118
118

117
117
117
117
117

120
120
120
121
121

120
120
121
121
121

122
121
121
121
121

119
119
119
119
119

120
120
120
120
120

120
120
119
119
119

118
118
118
118
118

118
119
119
119
119

117
118
118
118
119

121
121
121
121
121

121
122
122
122
122

121
119
119
119
119

119
119
119
119
119

120
120
120
120
120

119
119
119
119
119

119
119
117
117
117

120
120
121
121
121

119
119
119
119
119

119
119
119
119
119

121
121
' 121
120
120

122
122
122
122
122

119
119
119
119
119

119
119
119
119
119

121
121
121
122
121

116
116
116
118

in

119
119
119
118
118

117
117
117
117
117

121
121
120
120
120

118
118
118
118
118

119
119
119
119
119

120
120
120
120
120

122
122
122
122
122

119
121
121
121
121

119
119
119
119
119

121
121
121
121
124

117
117
117
117
117

117
117
117
117
117

118
118
118
119
119

117
117
117
117
117

120
120
120
120
120

118
118
117
117
117

119
119
119
119
119

120
120
120
120
120

122
122
122
122
122

120
120
119
119
119

119
119
119
119
119

124
124
124
124
124

117
117
117
117
117
116

117
117
117
117
119
119

119
119
120
120
120

117
117
117
117
117
117

120
120
120
120
120

117
117
117
117
117
117

118
118
118
118
118
118

120
120
120

122
122
122
122
122
122

119
119
119
119
119

119
119
119
119
120
120

124
124
124
124
124

July,
1889.

Aug.,

Sept.,
1889.

117.26-

116.48+

118.93+

48,469

8,685

3,611

8,568

3,658

5

1,427
1,428
1,428
1,428
1,428

118
118
118
118
118

115
116
116
116
116

119
119
119
119
119

120
120
120
120
120

6
7
8
9..
10

1,428
1,429
1,428
1,428
1,429

118
118
118
118
118

116
116
116
116
116

119
119
119
119
119

11.
12..
18..
14.. .
15

1,432
1,431
1,429
1,4*9
1,429

118
117
116
116
117

116
116
116
116
116

16 ..
17
18
19
20

1,428
1,480
1,429
1,428
1,432

117
117
117
117
117

21
22

1,431
1,481
1,429
1,430
1,430
1,429
1,429
1,430
1,310
• 1,313
829

Average daily number
Totals

1
2.
8

4.

OO

24
25
26..
27
28.
29
80
31

119.06+

Oct.,
1889.
118-

March,
1890.

June,
1890.

bo
o

TABLE No. 8.—Showing the number discharged, the form of insanity, time under treatment, and showing in correlation thereto
the per cent of recoveries to the total number under treatment, the per cent of recoveries to the average population, and also
the per cent of recoveries to the total number admitted during the biennial period ended June 30, 1890.

No. Case
No.

Form of insanity.

Time under treatment.

> t. d
§ >a
S«|
Result of treatment.

°S%

Remarks.

1s!
°S»o

fei^S
JH

Years. Months. Days.
1
2
8
4
5

123
135
13
155
176

6
7
8
9
10

163
165
107
174
172

11
12
13
It
15

117
179
177
151
194

16
17
18
19
20

189
192
197
45
169

21
22
23
24
25

131
81
152
85
141

26
27
28
29
80

186
56
167
139
33

81
32
33

66
150
42

Melancholia- _

1
1
3

3

3
3

2
2
2
2
2

Dementia
Dementia

2
1
3
4
1

7
2
1
5
1

2
29
8
19
17

9
10
8
11

29
ll
4
22
26

8
9
8
2

21
6
7
26
1

Discharged.
tt
it
"
,(
11
tt
tt
it
((

it
»
tt
tt

Returned to Michigan State Prison.
Discharged.
Returned to State House of Correction and Reformatory.
Discharged.

„

Returned to State House of Correction and Reformatory.

4
8
1
11
5

16
8
26

It

10
9
7
8
1

25
27
14
20
1

I,

8
9
1
6
10

21
14
19
24
5

2
11
3

1
12
21

26

Returned to State House of Correction and Reformatory.
Discharged.

tt

tl

Discharged.

Discharged by elopement.

(t

't
tt

Unim proved

Discharged by death.

11+

15+

89+

TABLE No. 9.—Showing the name and age of patients deceased, from where received, the date of reception and of death, the causes of
death, the duration of insanity, the per cent of deaths to the daily average population and also to the total number under treatment
during the biennial period ended June 30, 1890.
Received.
Name.

Age.

Cause of death.
I

Henry Chamberlain. .
Anna ( 'ook
James T. Jackson
Margaret Stone .
James Forze
William Wild

29
Not known .
47
55
56
32
49

Died.

From where received.

a
8

Sept. 29 1885
Michigan State Prison
Detroit House of Oorrect'n Oct.. 20 1888
Eastern Michigan Asylum. . Aug. 27 1887
Sept, 7 1885
Dec. 17 1885
Detroit House of Oorrect'n Jan. 14 IHXs
Sept. 29 1885

bo

Duration
of
Insanity.

Form of insanity.

|
1
July. 13 1888
Dec.. 9 1888
Mar. 21 1889
July. 12 1889
Nov. 18 1889
Dec.. 16 1889
Jan.. 26 1890

Q

Phthisis Pulmonalis.-Epileptic convulsionsParalysis
* Killed by a patient
* Accidental poisoning.

6 years.+
1 year. —
2 years. +
16 years. +
11 years. +

M
I—(
O

Dementia.
Paralytic insanity.
Dementia.
Recurrent mania.
Imbecility.
Paralytic insanity.

6—

*+

* See text of Superintendent's report.

Month.

O

Month.

TREASURER'S REPORT.

STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS BY PHILO D. CUTLEE, TEEASUREE OF
ASYLUM FOE INSANE CEIMINALS, FOE THE TWO YEARS FEOM
JUNE 30, 1888 TO JUNE 30, 1890.
Amounts.
CURRENT

Balances.

EXPENSE.

Balance as per last report

$6,821 70

Received from O. R. Long, Supt., sales
Maintenance of connty patients
State treasurer, maintenance
Act 190,1888, Sec. 20
State treasurer, maintenance
Act 190,1883, Sec. 26
State treasurer, maintenance
Act 190,1883, Sec. 27
State treasurer, maintenance
Act 190,1883, Sec. 28
State treasurer, maintenance
Act 48, 1887, Sec. 27

.

-

$1,025 00
1,502 00

of State patients under

$6,821 70

2,527 00

$14,254 40

of State patients under

11,791 25

of State patients under

16,247 66

of State patients under

2,152 66

of State patients under

4,43172

48,87769

$58,226:

Disbursements

48,718 50

Balance on hand in current expense

$9,507 89

SPECIAL APPROPRIATIONS.

Mattress and woven wire springs—
Balance on hand as per last report
Disbursed

.

$65 64
65 64

One rangeBalance on hand as per last report
Disbursed.

$150 00
124 12

Hose for fire protection and lawn—
Balance as per last report
Disbursed

$1 00
1 00

Material for painting—
Balance as per last report
Disbursed

.
I

25,'

$5 01
5 01

Engineer and carpenters' tools—
Balance as per last report
Disbursed

$28 07
28 07

Miscellaneous ward furniture—
Balance as per last report
Carpets for male ward department—
Balance as per last report-_._
Disbursed

-

One engine—
Balance as per last report.__

__.

Balance carried forward

- -

.
_.

.

$786

__.<....

$300

3 00
$9,537 03

24

MICHIGAN ASYLUM FOR INSANE CRIMINALS.
SPECIAL APPBOPRIATIONS.—Continued.
Balance brought forward

1890.
Officers' salaries—
Jim-j 30.
Received from State treasurer
Disbursed

•>

$5,815 67
5,815 67

1889.
Papering and kalsomining—
July 31.
Received from State treasurer
Disbursed.,.

$15000
150 00

1889.
General repairs—
July 31.
Received from State treasurer
1890.
Feb. 28.
Disbursed

$70000
70000

1889.
One range asylum buildingJuly 81.
Received from State treasurer
1890.
M'ch 31.
Disbursed
1889.
Furniture for asylum—
Juiy 31.
Eeceived from State treasurer..
1890.
Jan. 31.
Disbursed

__
._..

$22500
223 66

..

$20000
19981

1889.
One musical instrument—
July 31.
Received from State treasurer
Nov. 30.
Disbursed

$10000
100 00

Hose—
Received from State treasurer
Disbursed
'.

$250 00
25000

1889.
Surgical instruments—
July 31.
Received from State treasurer
1890.
June 30.
Disbursed

$10000

1889.
LandSept. 30.
Received from State treasurer
Disbursed

$5,200 00
5,200 00

1889.
LibrarySept. 30.
Received from State treasurer
1890.
May 81.
Disbursed

$200 00

1889.
One boilerJuly 31.
Received from State treasurer.-.
Nov. 80.
Disbursed

$55000
549 65

1889.
July 31.

64 40

14358

1889.
Asylum building—
Nov. 30.
Received from State treasurer
1890.
Feb. 28.
"
"
"
"
_.
May 31.
"
"
"
"
June 30.
"
"
"
"
.....

$3,00000
..

4,00000
3,000 00
5,00000
$15,000 00
9,377 36

Disbursed
1889.
CowsDec. 31.
Received from State treasurer
1890.
June £0.
Disbursed
1889.
TeamDec. 31.
Received from State treasurer.. _
1890.
May 21.
Disbursed

$30000
188 00
__

$30000
30000

1890.
Barn—
M'ch 31.
Received from State treasurer
June 30.
Disbursed

$50000
28 16

1890.
Farming utensils—
M'chSl.
Received from State treasurer
June 30.
Disbursed

$40000
148 70

Total balancesCurrent expense
Special appropriations

..

$9,507 89
6,585 82

25

TREASURER'S REPORT.
RECAPITULATION.
Dates.

Amounts.

1888.
Balance as per last report —
June 80.
Current expense.._ _ . _

„____

June 30. Received from State treasurer —
Maintenance of State patients
Special appropriations . i _
Received from sundry persons —
Maintenance county patients _.
O. B. Long, Med. Supt., sales

__

.,.

.--_
._.
__ - _ _ .

„

Amounts.

Balances.

$6,821 70
260 84
$48,877 69
344 80
29,990 67
$1,157 20
1,025 00

Totals to be accounted for

2 182 20
$88,477 90

$88,477 90

DI SBUBSEMENTS .
$48,718 50

Special appropriation-

$65 64
124 12
1 00

Engineer and carpenters' tools „
Officers' salaries- -_
.-

Furniture for asylum
Surgical instruments
Land

Team

Balances to new account—

__

_

5 01
28 07
7 86
5,815 67
150 00
700
228
199
100
250

00
66
81
00
00

64
5,200
143
549
9,877

40
00
58
65
36

188
300
23
148

00
00
16
70

$52 384 19

$9,507 89
6,585 82

MISCELLANEOUS.

28

MICHIGAN ASYLUM FOR INSANE CRIMINALS.

TABLE No. 1.—Earnings and Analysis of Current Expense Vouchers from July 1,
1888,'to June 30, 1890.
EAEHINGS.*

State—
For maintenance of patients
Counties—
For maintenance of patients
SalesMiscellaneous

$48,654 79
1,583 98
972 26

ANALYSIS OF VOUCHEES.

Attendants
BarnHay, grain, straw, etc
Labor
._
..
Blacksmithing
Harness, robes, blankets, etc
Tools, implements, etc
Plumbing
Horses, carriages, etc
Miscellaneous

$473 61
333 00
55 96
62 85
12 70
25 63
140 00
28 19

.

Clothing, boots, shoes, underwear, etc
Damages, etc
Dispensary—
Drugs and medicines __
L. Instruments and ware
Alcohol, liquors and wines
Freight

__.

Entertainment
Furniture and furnishing—
Cabinet furniture, etc
Woodenware, brooms, brushes, etc
Hardware, tinware, etc
Crockery, glassware, silverware
Dry goods
Bedding
Carpets, curtains, etc
Soap
Lab9r
Additional machinery
Turpentine, wax, etc
Tobacco (furnished patients).
Miscellaneous

.

'..

__

'

GardenLabor
Pigs
Seeds and plants
Miscellaneous
GroundsLabor
Trees, shrubs and plants
Implements..
Seeds

.

_

_

...

Heating and ventilating—
Labor
Fuel
Implements, oil, etc
Steam, gauge, valve, etc
Grates, solder, leather and printing...
Provisions!
Farm
MiscellaneousLabor
Traveling expenses
Patients discharged, gratuity
Chapel services ...
Elopements
Coffins.
Telegrams

___„

$203 85
125 88
276 22
277 32
974 47
311 07
49 87
15846
194 13
46 43
15 37
34682
169 49
$15400
15 00
98 57
43 55
$138 19
11345
69 56
5 55
$1,221 70
2,454 79
28193
144 62
61 71

_.

.--

.

....
_

$164 00
45 58
60 55
7 73

--

.

.

$1,818 05
392 06
94 37
133 75
2300
7000
42 27

MISCELLANEOUS.
TABLE No. 1.—CONTINUED.
Miscellaneous.—Continued—
Telephone and messages
Hardware
Printing and advertising
Freight, expressage, etc
'..
Fuel
..... ._ -.
Implements, instruments, etc
Plumbing
Expenses attendance National Association
Miscellaneous...

$82 35
44 34
159 45
110 90
57 35
40 50
SO 78

.

18148

Office, stauonery, etc.—
Salaries
Stationery
Postage and express.
Blanks, printing, etc
Blank books
Cyclostyle duplicating apparatus
Type writer
Subscriptions, daily papers, etc
Fuel (treas. office)-~

*.

Kitchens—
Labor
Fuel
.
Icefor refrigerator
Stove castings
Miscellaneous. _ _

,

4194

__

Water distributionWater, S. H. of C
Telephone—
Kental, repairs, etc
Messages

Total.__

2,947335

$1,35394
672 71
182 22
26 70
40 92
2362
6 00

:

Laboratory and library
Outbuildings...
.
Outbuildings, farm
Light-Gas
Bepairs—
Labor
Hardware
Lumber
Miscellaneous
Brick, tiling, cement, etc..
Paints, oils, etc
Renewals and additions—
Labor .
...
.
Hardware, tin, glass, etc
Lumber
Paints, oils, brushes, etc
Plumbing ....
Lime, cement, etc
Sewer pipe, brick, etc
Miscellaneous

1,925199

$2,013 63
76567
117 62

.„.

LaundryLabor
Fuel
Soap
Sal. soda and caustic soda
Starch, white wax and indigo
Implements,fixtures,etc..
Printing laundry lists

$3,366 95

$1,662 92
52 34
11273
37 78
10 25
12 00
15 70
17 27
500

2,206 11
23143
60 00
1,197 28

$757 01
36 64
17 47
91 95
67 18
185 i

_

.
_

_-_•_

.._.

__.
.

1,155 31

$386 91
187 99
168 92
12412
66 60
7 25
47 60
15 19

.

1,004 58
400 00

$15205
606

.

.

158111
-

$48,88685

* The difference between earnings as shown above and receipts of the Treasurer arise from the fact that
the accounts for maintenance of patients for the quarter ending June 30,1888, were received during the
following month or quarter, and the account for miscellaneous sales for June, 1888, were also received by
the Treasurer the following month.
fFor details of Provisions consumed see "Commissary Supplies" Table.

COMMISSARY SUPPLIES.

TABLE No. 2.—Showing maximum, minimum and average prices paid, and total
cost of Provisions purchased and produced for the Asylum, from July 1, 1888, to
June 30,1890.
Price.

Quantity.
Articles.

Total Cost.
Number.

Apples, dried

___

Avena _

__

_

.
.

_.

Apricots, dried

28
121
48
63,369K
300

Bananas
Beef
Beef, dried
Beans, white.

131V6
869
46%
570%
7,84813-16

BeetsButter.
Buttermilk. _
Bread
Beet greens..

196
100,860
17%
50
279

Coffee, ;A
Coffee, B

.

Crackers _
Codfish
Chocolate
Cabbage
Cocoanut. _.

235V.
1,3761/2
534
133
33

. _

Corn meal.
Corn starch
Cinnamon
Cucumbers _
Carrots
Cloves.. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

...

Measure.
bush
.
Ibs
Ibs
P kg V—
bunches..
Ibs
Ibs
doz
Ibs
Ibs

bush
bush
qts
Ibs

Highest.

Lowest.

Average.

$1 00
06
30
12i/3
12i/s

$0 25
04
18

$0 39 1-7+
04J419+

20
50
40
15
07*4
1 75
08
1 00
16
30

111/2

121/2-

15
10
25
03%
05

151/2
21%
2954
05H
06%

05

1 00
01%
25
06
10

1 3634
02' 7-16
41%
09%
14-

4
25
14
3,244
18

35
55
08
46
50

179 08
21 21
19 86
56 73
1,194 96

28

05
03 1-50
44
05
29%

9
3,048
8
2
82

80
63
81
50
50

131/2
05
05'/2
06
08

15K
11 8-9
05 5-6
06 5-7
13 4-5

474
188
89
115
167

04
12
90
69
68

8*
08«
03
25

10%
32i/2
09%
03 3-529 2-5

53
6
22
162
4

58
83
28
13
41

04%01%
055,
05%
30

26
27
3
4
2

15
98
44
07
10

08 2-5
60
34 2-5
32
07 2-3

24 15
3 00
19 60
1 18
7 67

gals.
Ibs
bush...
Ibs
Ibs..

04
50

03
32

40

3,093i/2
1,590
1,520
1,6861/a
1,23254

Ibs..
cans
Ibs.
Ibs
Ibs

23
23
07
09
20

198
21
235
4,490
15

Ibs
Ibs
bunchesheads. __
Ibs..

15
38
14
15
35

554%
2,449
65
74
7

doz
Ibs
Ibs
Ibs.
Ibs

15
01 1-10
05'/2
06

04

288
5
57i4
sy2

doz

70

03

bush
Ibs
qts

40
40
16

25
25
05

100

8^

$92 17
58 52
1 05
16 55
2 74

01 !/2

04^
05

31

MISCELLANEOUS.
COMMISSARY SUPPLIES.—Continued.
Quantity.

Price.

Articles.

Total Cost.
Number.

15&

28i %
i

p

Citron
Cider

Egg8

Grapes.

12%
3,002%
400
5
1,582

Jjard.
.Lettuce

165
572%
869
1,308%
40,080

, . .

Mutton and lamb
MilkMustard .
Mustard. ._ . _ _ . _ . _

45
21
127
17
2

Mace
MackerelNuts
Olives,. _.

_.

Orange and lemon peelOysters ._
Oysters
Pie plant
Pork
Parsnips.

Pepper

qt
doz
Ibs

1
40
748
387
8

•Ginger.

,

_

_..

Ibs

1
1,637%

18,275
298
572
1,586
525

Fish, freshFish, salted.

Ibs

gals
bot

18%

Flour
Flour, graham

Ibs
bush
Ibs

35
1
12

V-A

Extract vanilla-

Measure.

53)4
134
150
39
2

3,600
169
93
286
2%
142
100

&M

315
14,831

1,405
45
36%

Ibs

Ibs.

Ibs
Ibs
Ibs

...

Lowest.
08

08!4

440

30
22

32 4-5
84
10

14

ii}4

13

io

15
1 25

03 3-5
03

01 3-5
01%

10
08%

08
02K

10
20

08

18
15

1254
05

06

11

35
25
1 00
15

25
08
16
07

bot

Ibs
Ibs
Ibs.. ._.
qts.
Ibs.
Ibs

Ibs.
Ibs.

I
..

doz

Ibs
gals .
Ibs
qta

Ibs
bot.s ._„__
Ibs

oz._

25
30
40
15

Jbs
Ibs

15
1 00
20
45
1 75

Ibs
bunches .

03 1-5
03%
S 20
05
40

Ibs.. _..
bots

doz

Ibs
cans
shell
Ibs.
Ibs

bush
bush
bush

842

Ibs

»A
102
17
25
60

bush
Ibs
bots
Ibs

Average.

08'/2

2i
85
1 40

Ibs. .

Ibs

Highest.

OWss

20
07 %
10
12%
09
85
07%
17
1 25

14 3-10
69%
1 33 1-5
02 2-5
01 9-10+
03
0903 8-9
20
08)4
03%
25
ISM
06%01%+
22
08+

26i4
07 1-20
24%
08 2-5
03
22 2-9
12 2-5
18%

14M
10
09 2-5
88
12%
26%
1 50
02 8-9
02 9-10
53%

02 3-5
02
25
03
25

#

40

23

28 7-10

60
05
09

§6
01
04 3-20

42U
02 1-10
05%-

15
40
60

81 1-12
40 6-7
96%

2 00
60
2 00
12%
3 60
25
35
25

04)4
2 00
15
20
06)4

052 94
19
28%
10%

$1 28
1 53
1 68
1 35
25
1 23
2 04
3 50
60
1 56
25
234 11
5 93
17 43
88
316 66
5 66
17 16
141 62
20 63
25
8 00
62 19
13 43
2 00
1 67
205 16
7 15
1 10
127 12
43
40
216
110
1,202

39
37
34
36
40

10
2
23
2

00
65
52
43
20

4 99
1 10
18 70
10 33
3 00
104
4
49
10

00
94
73
46

; 70

40
2
10
6
812

67
75
40
62
03

436 65
18 30
35 18
1 75
42 75
23
19
4
2

58
40
75
63
60

32

MICHIGAN ASYLUM FOE INSANE CRIMINALS.
COMMISSARY SUPPLIES.—Continued.
Quantity.

Price.

Articles.

Total Cost.
Number.

Plums
66
207
208
1,026

Radishes,
Eice

_

Bait.

Veal..

Wheat grits
Yeast

- _

Highest.

Lowest.

Average.

$0 10
05
25
08

$0 02
03
06 K
05

$0 02 8-11
03%
08 1-9
05%

10

13+

1554
M

11
l

Sugar, B

Tea, "A"
Tea, "B"
Tomatoes.

bush
bunches .
do a
Ibs
Ibs

80

Sauce L. & P
Sausage .
Sage

Sugar, pow'cL.

<A

Measure.

6,558

Ibs. ....
Ibs
Ibs

09 1 5

06%

07J4+

7,598
197
140
1,503
4754

Ibs
Ibs
Ibs
Ibs
Ibs

08
12
10

05H
09

06^+

06%

08 3-10
11

33
777
1,820
5,145
3,045

Ibs
Ibs
Ibs
Ibs
Ibs

08
OB'i
04

05
03
01

99
122
1,581
2.583
152

Ibs
Ibs
Ibs
Ibs ....
bush

10
50
22
10
60

1,106
503
21&H
502H
878

Ibs
Ibs

30
16

Ibs
Ibs

07

35£
4
430
40
105
170

Ibs

10

my,

0954

iok
09 4-7

05 6-11
03K+

01^400'/2 +

01*4

10

8 93
69
1 10
85
476 95
495
19
13
120
5

19
95
25
77
23

1 83
26 08
21 52
25 81
45 68

06 3-11
38+
205$01%
24y3+

6
46
320
84
87

20
60
40
31
31

20
13

24%+
"H

05

06

273
72
28
52
52

85
97
29
75
68

04

10
10
0854
05 J4

F

IF
20

Ibs

gals.
Ibs
Ibs ..

$0 73
1 79
7 71
16 88
58 00

75
10
43 00
4 00
3 43
7 99

GARDEN PRODUCTS.

TABLE No. 3.—Garden Products.
Articles.

Cucumbers, dozen. _. _ .
Lettuce, Ibs.
"

bushels.

.

-.

.-

Quantity.

Kate.

Value.

27
$0 77
46%
41V4
17
49
4,418
03'4
546%
04%

$'0 79
19 86
8 83
154 63
24 57

262
5
526
103
1M

05%
14 41
60
3 00
06
31 56
02 5-6 2 92
1 00
1 25

11
35%
53
207
876

35
95%
02

oiy,

3 86
34 03
1 06
7 77
10 95

Milk, quarts.

2,493
lOOii
9%
37
5,866

01 14
24%
15
40
03

28 04
24 71
\8
14 80
175 98

Pork, Ibs.
Parsnips, bushels..

18
286
149
2,338
2534

05
90
03 3-5 10 29
02 6-7 4 24
05}^ 124 42
40 4-5 10 30

Potatoes, bushels

._

Radishes, bunches

Berries, quarts

_ ... _
, '

_.

08%

SUMMARY OF INVENTORY.
JUNE 30, 1890.

TABLE No. 4.—Summary of Inventory.
Real EstateBuildings
Thirteen acres of land
Buildings (cottage)
Eighty acres of land (Berlin)

_

Medical DepartmentOffice—furniture
Dispensary—drugs and medicines
Instruments
__
Ware, fixtures, etc
Library—State
Restraining appliances
Chapel—organ
Telephone
Clerk and Steward's Department—
Office—furniture
books and stationery
Store-room—furniture, elc
crockery
clothing, boots, shoes, etc.
provisions a n d sundry supplies _
Painter's Department—
Paints, oils, etc
Tools, brushes, etc
Glass

_ _

_

Barn and Garden—
Five horses
Wagons and sleighs
Harness, robes, etc
Hay, feed, etc
TooJs, plow, cultivator, etc
Ten hogs and 18 pigs
Seven cows
Furnace kettle
Miscellaneous

_

$333 65
116 85
24 75
68 82
1,141 19
42478

_ _ „ _

_

_

_

_

__.

$33 97
1741
2 81
$67350
908 40
128 45
358 !
32 00
12 00
398 35
102 65

__,_
_ .

..

Carpenter's DepartmentTools, etc
Supplies, etc

$64000
290 00
19400
7 00
2800
147 00
25800
25 00
18 00
$38 10
7 55

LaundryUtensils
Supplies, soap, etc
General Dining Room—
Furniture, etc
Crockery, glassware, etc.

$84,50000
1,500 00
9,181 19
5,200 00
$217 75
109 01
317 67
35 22
199 87
89 37
100 00
146 50

..

.'

Engineer's DepartmentLaundry machinery
Engines, boilers, etc
Belting, shafting, etc
Hose, hose carts, reels, etc
Woodandcoal
Bell
.
Tools, etc.
Supplies, oils, etc. _

_.

-.

__

$55 40
5 80
$227 50
114 00

$100,331 19

1,165 39

2,110 04

54 19

2,614 25

1,607 00
45 65
$61 20
341 50

35

MISCELLANEOUS.
TABLE No. 4.—Continued.
General Kitchen—
Furniture, utensils, etc
Coffee and tea urns
Range
Steam kettles

$94 20
75 00
200 00
150 00

_. _

Supervisor's Department—
Furniture, etc
tailor shop
bedding, etc., employes rooms
hall No. 1
3 I

$105 00
64 50
130 70
556 85
46985
700 20
206 65
805 40

5

Matron's Department—
Residence—furniture
bedding
crockery, plated ware, etc.
kitchen

-

Sewing Room, Furniture, etc

_

•Gardener and Florist's DepartmentPlants and bulbs
_
Vases, pots, boxes, etc
Tools and seeds
Lawn hose, reels, etc.
__
Total........

.....

NOTE.—Buildings at cost.

$1,377 75
175 00
15000
250 00

....

_
__
....

_

__

..

$178 25
51 50
40 75
3750

$519 20

2,539 15

1,952 75
91 74

308 00

$113,74125

LIST OF OFFICERS AND EMPLOYES.

TABLE No. 5.—Showing salaries paid each at close of biennial period, June 30, 1890.
Name.
O. B. Long
A. Stanley Dolan
W. D. Arnold
P. D. Cutler

Occupation.

Ass't physician
Treasurer

Salary
per
Annum.

Remarks.

$1,900 00 And. board and washing for family,
900 00
1,000 00 Non resident.
192 00

And board and washing.

Per Month.
E. M. Townsend and wife.
J. D. D. Perry
Engineer
T. E. Williams
Starr Alvord
John Grant
E. 8. Waterbury
E. E. Swan
Warren Sturgis
C. T. CadweU
JohnMowatt
Elmer Pouch
Stella Phillips
Pvisnilla, TCipp
Wm. Corey

Cook.

Chas. Peterson

Painter

B. F. Proctor.
A. F. Willett
Jennie Kipp .
Lena Kruger

Teamster _
Seamstress

65 00 And board and washing for family.
60 00 Non -resident,
35 00
40 00
arid one-third board,
50 00
50 00 And. board and washing.
82 00
32 00
25 00
24 00
22 00
20 00
20 00
20 00
18 00
14 00
12 00
50 00
16 00
40 00
30 00
25 00
20 00
14 00
14 00

MATRON'S REPORT
OF ARTICLES MADE IN THE SEWING BOOMS FROM JULY 1, 1888, TO
CLOSE OF BIENNIAL PERIOD, JUNE 30, 1890.

Aprons
" Kitchen. _
" Dining Room
" Barber
" Laundry
" Oil Cloth.
" Rubber
Bed Ticks...
€oats
Collars
Chemises
Curtains
_
..Carpet rugs
Dresses
Drawers, Women's, pairs...
"
Men's, pairs
Dress Waists
Skirts
Handkerchiefs
Hose, Women's, pairs
Mittens
Table Cloths
Napkins
Neckties
Nightdresses
Stand Cloths _
_
Sheets, Patients
"
Attendants
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37
105

BY-LAWS, EULES AND REGULATIONS

MICHIGAN ASYLUM FOR INSANE CRIMINALS,
IONIA, MICH.

ADOPTED BY THE BOARD OF MANAGEKS, JANUARY, 1890.

BY-LAWS.
BOARD OP MANAGERS.

The meetings of the Board of Managers will be held monthly at such date as may be
designated upon adjournment of preceding meeting. Special meetings may be called
by the President, and it shall be the duty of the Clerk to give due notice thereof.
The Clerk of the Asylum shall act as Secretary of the Board, and keep an accurate
record of its proceedings.
All questions brought forward for the consideration of the Board shall be submitted
in writing, and decided by a majority of the members present.
The order of business at regular meetings of the Board shall be:
1. Reading and approval of the minutes of the preceding meeting.
2. The consideration of unfinished business therein referred to.
3. The consideration of the minutes of the Visiting Committee.
4. Auditing accounts and bills.
5. The consideration of communications from the Medical Superintendent.
6. The consideration of communications from the Treasurer.
7. Reports of Special Committees.
8. General business.
RESIDENT OFFICERS.

1. The Medical Superintendent, Assistant Physician and Matron shall comprise the
Resident Officers at the Asylum.
TREASURER.

1. The Treasurer shall receive, hold and disburse all the moneys which may be
granted by the Legislature, or obtained from other sources for the use of the Asylum.
2. Said moneys shall be disbursed only for the use of the Institution, upon the
written order of the Superintendent, specifying the object of payment, item by item,,
and countersigned by the President or resident Member of the Board.

RULES AND REGULATIONS.

39

3. The Treasurer shall from time to time advance to the Superintendent on his own
order, specifying that it is to pay petty current expenses, a sum not exceeding one
hundred dollars.
4. The Superintendent shall keep an accurate account, in detail, of all expenses paid
out of the sum so advanced to him by the Treasurer. The Treasurer shall receive a
certified account of each sum of one hundred dollars before any further advance shall
be made to the Superintendent as aforesaid.
5. He shall keep clear and methodical acounts of all moneys received or paid out by
him for the Asylum, and shall exhibit these accounts to the Managers once a month at
the meeting of the Board, and oftener if required. He shall balance all accounts on his
books on the last day of June, at the close of each fiscal year, and make a statement of
the balance thereon, and an abstract of receipts and payments, which he shall deliver to
the Board as required by them.
6. The Treasurer is authorized, under the direction of the Board, to collect from any
person, town, county, or State, liable for the support of any patient, the cost of his
maintenance in the Asylum and the amount of all actual disbursements for his clothing
and necessary traveling expenses; and he shall determine, when required, the legal settlement of any insane person sent to the Asylum, in accordance with the provisions of
the statutes.
7. He is also authorized to collect all sums due on any note, bond, or mortgage in his
hands belonging to the Asylum; and he shall cancel or release the same when paid,
and make satisfactory acknowledgment thereof. He is further authorized to collect
any and all sums which may be due to the Asylum.
8. The Treasurer shall settle annually with the State Board of Auditors, and shall
conduct such correspondence with the State and county officers, as may pertain to his
official duties.
9. It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to be present at meetings of the Board of
Managers, and to furnish such information in reference to the finances of the Institution as may from time to time be required.
10. The Treasurer shall hold his office during the pleasure of the Board.

RULES AND REGULATIONS.
MEDICAL STJPEBINTENDENT.

1. The Superintendent, being by law the chief executive officer of the Asylum, and
required to reside on the premises and devote his time to its welfare, is the head of the
establishment.
2. And having the general superitendency of the buildings, grounds, and farm,
together with the furniture, fixtures, and stock; and the direction and control of all
persons therein, with power to assign them their respective duties. It shall be his
special duty to see that all the employes are energetic, industrious, punctual, exact, and
in all respects faithful in the performance of their several duties.
3. He shall obtain, as far as practicable, a complete history of every patient admitted
into the Asylum; and shall cause to be kept for the use of the Institution, a register of
the same, a.nd as full a record of the subsequent treatment and results as he may deem
likely to promote the interests of science and humanity.
4. All the correspondence of the Institution shall be conducted by him, or by his
authority and under his direction.
5. He shall cause to be kept a record of the names and residences of all persons
employed in the Institution, with the time and terms of their respective engagements,
and the date and causes of their dismission.
7. At each visit of the Managers he shall, if requested, exhibit the records of the
Institution, and inform them minutely of its affairs, giving a brief statement of its general condition, and the names of the patients admitted and discharged. At each annual
meeting of the Board he shall present a tabular view of the operations of the Institution for the year, with full and minute details from the records, and accompany it with
a condensed report of other.interesting and useful facts and circumstances, experiments
and opinions, illustrating its management, condition, and prospects.

40

MICHIGAN ASYLUM FOR INSANE CRIMINALS.

8. All moneys belonging to the Institution collected or received by the Superintendent, or by persons employed by him, shall be immediately paid over to the Treasurer of
the Asylum.
ASSISTANT PHYSICIAN.

1. The Assistant Physician shall act as the immediate Medical Attendant in the
wards. He shall visit all the wards at least twice daily, commencing the morning visit,
which shall be the main visit of the day, punctually at 9 o'clock, seeing each patient
individually and prescribing for such as require it, ordering each patient's medicine
separately and under his own name, with specific directions, in writing, as to the mode
and time of administration. He will be expected to spend a proper length of time on
the wards, conversing with and examining the patients, inspecting every part of the
wards, observing the temperature and ventilation, the condition of the attendants' and
patients' rooms, the bedding and clothing, dining rooms, bath rooms, closets, etc. He
shall regularly make an afternoon visit to the wards, and also, when necessary, additional visits to patients requiring especial attention. He shall also make occasional
visits, as often as once a fortnight, to the wards, at 10 p. m., and at the rising hour in the
morning, for the purpose of observing the condition of the wards and patients at night,
and the manner in which attendants and" others perform their duties.
2. He shall accompany the Medical Superintendent in his visits to the wards, whenever required to do so, calling his attention to the new cases and to any patients concerning whom he desires fresh advice.
3. He shall see that the attendants are faithful and kind, attentive to the reasonable
wants of the patients and vigilant in the discharge of their duties; that the views and
directions of the Medical Superintendent regarding the management of patients are
faithfully executed, and shall report immediately to the Medical Superintendent any
instance of misconduct, unfaithfulness or neglect of duty observed by him, or of which
he may receive information.
4. He shall daily report to the Medical Superintendent the general condition of the
wards, the particular state of such patients as may be seriously ill or greatly excited,
and of thosa requiring removal, seclusion or special attention, and promptly and cheerfully carry out directions in regard to them given by the Superintendent, and attend
personally to all forcible feeding of patients.
5. He shall keep descriptive records of all patients, including their symptoms, the
changes in their condition, the methods of treatment and all facts of interest connected
therewith. He shall promptly record all admissions and discharges and the particulars
of all accidents and escapes, and constantly keep the register, time book, post mortem
record, etc., fully written up, and shall permit no person to have access to the medical
records or case books without the consent of the Medical Superintendent.
6. He shall attend to visitors when necessary, and be always ready to perform any
service that may be required of him by the Medical Superintendent, and at all times be
subject to his control. He shall also perform the duties and be subject to the responsibilities of the Medical Superintendent in his sickness or absence.
STEWARD.
1. The Steward shall be the custodian of all supplies other than medical stores, and
shall personally attend to their receipt, distribution and care. He shall keep accurate
accounts in books to be provided for the purpose, of all supplies and materials received
and distributed by him for the use of the Asylum; shall have charge of the store rooms,
under the general direction of the Medical Superintendent, and shall be held personally responsible to him for the safe keeping, proper disposal and economical use of everything confided to his charge. He shall issue no supplies othe? than those regularly
required for the kitchens, except on requisitions approved in writing by the Medical
Superintendent.
2. Under the direction of the Medical Superintendent, and not otherwise, the Steward may personally purchase any supplies for the use of the Asylum. He shall see that
the patients' food is properly prepared and distributed; that the rooms, halls, yards,
bakery, shops, laundry, kitchen, outbuildings and other apartments under his care are
kept cleanly and in order, and that the cook and others in his department observe his
orders and in all respects do their duty; and he shall promply report to the Medical
Superintendent any instance of neglect or misconduct on the part of employes
which may in any way come to his knowledge.

RULES AND REGULATIONS.

41

3. He shall keep an accurate and itemized record of the products of the farm and
garden, showing the estimated value of each class of articles raised, also an account of
sundry sales.

1. The Matron shall look carefully to the female patients and spend as much time
with them as her other duties will allow; she will see that they are kindly treated; that
their attendants are well instructed and faithful; that their food is properly served and
distributed; that their apartments are clean, warm and properly ventilated; and that
their clothing and bedding are always clean, well aired and in good order, and their
wearing apparel properly mended and preserved.
2. It shall be her special duty to see to those that are sick, that they have constant and
kind attention and proper care in every respect. She shall observe the conduct of the
female attendants and other female employes; see that they do their duty in all respects,
and shall immediately report to the Medical Superintendent any instance of misconduct or neglect which may in any way come to her knowledge.
3. It shall be her duty to personally supervise the work in the sewing room, and see
that all new articles are properly made and marked, and all old ones that require it
neatly mended. She shall also attend to articles of clothing and bedding not in use,
and shall, as far as practicable, cause all clothing for female patients use to be made
in the house, and shall condemn, with the approval of the Medical Superitendent, worn
out bedding and clothing, except such portions as may be reserved to repair clothing
and bedding in use.
4. She shall, unless otherwise directed by the Medical Superintendent, oversee the
kitchen and laundry of administration building; see that the cooking, washing and ironing are properly done; that the public reception room is kept in order, and frequently
inspect every department and constantly endeavor to preserve a neat appearance of the
whole house. It is expected that she will devote her whole time to the Institution and
make every effort to promote the comfort of its inmates.
5. She shall perform such other duties as the Medical Superintendent may from
time to time prescribe, and shall at all times be subject to his control.
THE CLEBKS.

1. The Clerk shall be familiar with bookkeeping, and shall render such service in the
Institution as he may be, from time to time, directed by the Superintendent.
2. The Clothing Clerk shall receive all clothing of the patients received, mark and
enter a correct list of it in a book provided for the purpose, together with any money,
jewelry, or other articles of value which shall be deposited, properly labeled, in the
Steward's office. When patients are to be discharged, they shall cause them to be
prepared properly, the clothing neatly packed, and any articles of value brought with
the patient to be returned. They shall, as often as once a week, make an inspection of
the patients' wardrobes, and clothes rooms, and prepare a list of clothing required by
any patient, which, when approved by the Superintendent, shall be sent to the Steward.
Such lists to be receipted by the attendant or others appointed to receive the clothing
after it is delivered.
CHAPLAIN.
1. The duties of the Chaplain of the Asylum are denned to be the holding^of a service
every second Sunday in the assembly room or chapel; a weekly visitation to the wards
of the Asylum; visitation of the sick when their necessities seem to require; attendance
upon the burial of the dead when he may appropriately do so.
WARD SUPEKVISOK.

1. There shall be designated in the male department, a Supervisor, or Chief Attendant, whose duty it shall be, in addition to the other duties of an Attendant, to have a
general oversight of the department. He shall make frequent visits to the several
wards, observing the manner in which the attendants perform their duties, and report
to the Medical Superintendent any instance of misconduct or negligence.
6 •

42

MICHIGAN ASYLUM FOB INSANE CRIMINALS.

2. He shall take charge of new Attendants, instruct them respecting their duties and
explain to them the rules and requirements of the Institution. He shall call at the
dispensary at the hours designated by the Medical Superintendent, receive the medicines and administer the same if directed by the medical officers and shall report to
them any patients who refuse to take their medicines.
3. He shall be the medium of communication between the wards and the administration building. All changes in the condition of patients or other information that may
be deemed important, shall be promptly reported to the office through the Supervisor.
He shall see that the wards are properly supplied with furniture, and make a requisition
upon the Steward for all articles required for use, which requisition must be properly
endorsed by the Superintendent. He shall assist in the arrangements for the burial of
the dead, and be ready at any time to attend to any extraordinary service when required.
4. He shall assist in the reception of new patients; see that tliey are thoroughly
searched, bathed and appropriately clad before being sent to the ward, and that they
are properly introduced and informed of the rules of the ward and their fears quieted
by kind attention and friendly assurances; also that the violent and suicidal are carefully watched. He shall in all things endeavor to carry out the plans of the Superintendent, and shall constantly study to promote the comfort and welfare of the patients,
and for these purposes shall visit every part of his department several times daily. He
shall also attend to the transfer of patients from one ward to another, when so directed.
He shall make frequent reports to the Superintendent concerning the condition and
wants of the patients and the deportment of Attendants, and shall perform such other
services as the Superintendent may direct.
5. He shall, in the discretion of the Medical Superintendent, examine the contents of
all trunks, boxes, packages or parcels taken at any time from the Institution by any
employe, patient, or other person. He shall visit clothes rooms and closets several
times a weekj see that they are neatly arranged, that clothes and blankets are aired
frequently and protected from moth. The general cleanliness of the institution will be
under his care.
ATTENDANTS.

1. There shall be two or more Attendants assigned to each ward, one of whom shall
be designated as " Chief Attendant," who, in addition to the usual duties of Attendant,
will have general charge of the ward to which he is assigned, preserve order, attend
especially to the sick, see that they are treated with great care and kindness and in all
things assist in carrying out the views and instructions of the Medical Officers, in reference to the treatment of patients and care of wards. He must give special attention to
homicidal and suicidal patients and never permit an inexperienced attendant to take
such patient off the ward or attend alone to the wants of a homicidal patient.
If a Chief Attendant shall knowingly conceal the infringement of any rule by any
attendant in his ward the penalty attached to the infringement of the particular rule
shall thereby be incurred by him.
2. Attendants will be held responsible for the cleanliness, good order and general
appearance of their respective departments, and to this end shall make every effort to
perform their duties creditably to themselves and acceptably to the Medical Superintendent. They must expect an unceasing observation of the manner in which they
perform their duties, and the suggestions, Dy an officer, of "omissions on their part, or
needed improvements, are to be received kindly and without offense, and an effort made
to carry them out.
3. Attendants are expected to be always neatly dressed, to avoid all ungentlemanly
habits; not to indulge in boisterous talking or laughing; nor to use profane or vulgar
language; nor to play at any games with one another, or the patients, except by permission of the Medical Superintendent. Patients will look to Attendants for a good
example; let Attendants, therefore, be careful never to set them a bad one.
4. Attendants are at all times required to treat patients with kindness, gentleness and
forbearance and under all circumstances to speak mildly and calmly, endeavoring to
soothe them when irritated and to cheer and encourage them when depressed.
Patients are never to be pushed, collared or rudely handled.
In order to
induce them to move, gentle measures will in most cases suffice. Under no
circumstances will an Attendant be excused for laying violent hands upon a
patient or striking a blow, except in the clearest case of self-defense or to prevent
his committing serious injury to himself or others. The striking of a blow is never
excusable if there is more than one Attendant on the ward. Attendants must never
irritate, mock, deride, or ridicule patients, and they are especially forbidden to commu-

RULES AND REGULATIONS.

43

nicate their names, histories or peculiarities to strangers, either in the Asylum or out of
it.
5. Attendants should hear with patience and answer with caution; should never
promise what cannot safely be performed, and having made a promise be faithful in its
execution.
6. Attendants are never to apply any restraining apparatus to the person of apatient,
nor to seclude a patient, except in case of great emergency, and then they must immediately notify a Medical Officer.
7. The Attendants shall rise, in the morning, at the ringing of the bell, and at once
commence the duties of the day. On opening the doors of the sleeping rooms, they shall
greet the patients kindly, see that they arise from their bed, are neatly dressed, properly
washed, and their hair and clothes well brushed, in time for breakfast at the prescribed
.hour.
8. Immediately after the patients have arisen from bed, the Attendants shall have all
the chamber vessels removed, emptied and thoroughly cleansed; the beds spread open
for airing, and soiled beds and bedding removed from the wards. The beds are then to
be made, and the halls, bath rooms, passages and stairs to be swept, and the whole premises put in complete order, as soon as it can be done, so that a thorough inspection may
be had of the house by the Assistant Physician, commencing at 9 o'clock.
9. At meals, the Attendants must always be present to serve and distribute food to those
who are incompetent to do it for themselves, and to see that every one is properly supplied.
They must see that no patient carries away a knife, fork, or any other article from the
table. If a knife, fork, spoon or other article is missed it must be reported to the Medcal Officers or General Supervisor at once. Food is not to be carried to the rooms of
patients, nor is any one to be absent from the regular meals, (except in cases of illness
or violence) without permission of one of the Physicians.
10. Attendants must never allow a patient to obtain any razor, knife, scissors, rope, cord,
medicine, or any dangerous weapon or article. To prevent this, patients must be constantly watched, their beds frequently searched and the knives, forks and spoons
counted after each meal. An Attendant must never deliver a letter or any writing,
from or to a patient, withoi: t permission of the Medical Superintendent, nor retain in his
or her possession any writing of a patient.
11. No Attendant is ever allowed to leave the ward to which he is assigned without
permission of the General Supervisor or one of the Medical Officers except in case of
great emergency. One Attendant must constantly be in each ward with the patients,
and must not leave, under any circumstances, except when relieved. The Attendants
in each ward are responsible for the safe keeping of the patients therein, and must not
leave them, unless permitted to do so by a Medical officer. There is an obvious impropriety in Attendants sitting in their rooms engaged in reading or writing, during the
hours of duty—i. e., from the time the patients get up in the morning until they retire at
night. Nor should they be in their rooms at any time during the hours of duty any
longer than may be necessary to adjust their own dress. All these hours, with this
single exception, must be devoted to the patients, endeavoring to keep them tidy, to
prevent improper conduct, bad postures (such as lying on the floor, etc.,), and to
instruct, comfort and amuse them, by talking with them, reading to them and the like.
12. No patient's door is to be left unlocked at night, without special permission of
the Medical Superintendent. In locking the door, be careful always to hear the bolt
slip. At the retiring hour, the Attendants must see that every patient is actually in
his or her room (unless otherwise ordered by the Medical Superintendent) and that his
or her clothing is neatly folded and placed outside the door. Attendants on duty at
night must never enter a patient's room alone.
13. Every patient must be in charge of some responsible person at all times, unless
permitted to be at large by the Medical Superintendent. The person who takes a
patient from a ward shall be accountable for his or her safe keeping until returned to
the same. Attendants must carefully examine and search, upon their return to the
wards, all patients who have been out, and see whether they have concealed anything
about them which might be used as a weapon.
14. Attendants must constantly observe the habits and conduct of patients, and
inform the Assistant Physician, at his daily visit, of all circumstances, such as loss of
appetite, costiveness, tendency to suicide, etc.
15. If any patient is discovered to be missing, the fact must be immediately reported
to one of the Physicians.
16. Attendants must report all damages done by male patients, and all their wants of
clothing or other articles to the Supervisor. Damages done by, and also the wants of
female patients must be reported to the Assistant Physician or Matron.
17. Attendants must never give up a key, nor admit any person into the wards without

44

MICHIGAN ASYLUM FOE INSANE CRIMINALS.

permission of the Medical Superintendent or Assistant Physician. No male attendants
shall enter the apartments occupied by females, without special permission of the medical Superintendent.
18. The Chief Attendant must give personal supervision to bathing patients, be particular to see that the water is of proper temperature and renewed for each patient, and
that finger and toe nails of each patient are carefully and neatly trimmed.
19. Two Attendants must always be present during the operation of shaving, and no
patient is to be sent from the chair until his face is smooth, clean and dry, and his hair
properly trimmed and brushed.
20. Attendants must wear their coats in the wards, except while doing the morning
work and bathing the patients. Talking of matters concerning the Asylum with or
before any of the patients, or to outsiders, is strictly forbidden.
21. The Chief Attendant must always keep near the Medical Officers when they visit
the wards, to answer questions or give information.
22. The Chief Attendants must make written reports daily, of all the incidents of the
previous day, in the manner directed by the Superintendent.
23. It is expressly understood that Attendants will not carry a knife while on duty.
24. As the duties of each Attendant are confined almost exclusively to a single ward
they can have no reason to be in any other unless by direction of the proper officer. In
going from one part of the building to another they will avoid passing through wards
unless absolutely necessary.
NIGHT WATCHMAN.

1. The Night Watchman's hours of duty will begin at 7 p. m. and will continue until
6 a. m. the following day; at the hour of going on duty he will call at the Medical
office for special instructions for the night. While on duty he shall be constantly
awake, faithful and vigilant. He shall visit each ward in the male department at least
every hour during the night or oftener if directed by the Superintendent. He must
never converse in a loud tone with any one, and must move about and open and shut all
doors as quietly as possible.
2. In the treatment of patients, he must observe the same rules as the Attendants.
He must be attentive to the sick, and faithfully execute any orders respecting them.
He must provide the patients with water, if they require it, and attend to any reasonable wants expressed by them. He must be on the alert for any unusual noise in the
patients' rooms, ascertain the cause, and, if necessary, notify the Attendant. He must
never open a door or enter a patient's room alone.
3. He shall visit the halls of the administration building and pass out to the front
and to the rear of the Asylum frequently during the night, and shall attend to the fires
in. the kitchen, laundry, etc., and record the number of gauges of water in the boiler
each hour during the night.
4. He will ascertain if all the Attendants are in their rooms at the hours prescribed,
and after that hour through the night, opening the doors of their rooms for the purpose,
if necessary, and report any deviation from the rules.
5. If a fire occurs in any part of the premises he will make every effort to extinguish
it, and, if he cannot succeed, will quickly and quietly summon the Supervisor, Attendants, Engineer and Medical Officers.
6. He shall report in writing, to the Medical Superintendent, each morning, any
unusual circumstance requiring attention, any violation of the rules of the Asylum,
that may have come under his notice, and also how new patients have passed the
night, and give the names of those who have been wakeful or noisy.
7. He must see that no unnecessary lights are burning, and report employes who
leave their rooms without turning out the light.
8. He shall ring the bell at night and in the morning at such times as directed, and
shall at all times perform any service required by the Medical Superintendent.

1. The Cook shall, under the direction of the Superintendent and Steward, see to the
safe keeping and economical use of the supplies issued to him. He shall see that the
food is properly cooked and distributed, and that nothing is wasted; and shall be particularly careful that the food intended for patients is not appropriated by others. He
shall see that no extra or unusual articles are cooked for those in the kitchen, nor sent
into the wards, without an order from one of the Medical Officers.

RULES AND REGULATIONS.

45

2. He shall prepare special diet for patients upon the written order of any Medical
Officer and shall do so cheerfully at any hour required.
3. He shall keep the kitchen and kitchen store rooms and all their appointments clean
and tidy; see that his assistants are not wasteful, and shall report to the Steward any
instance of wastefulness on the part of Attendants or patients. He shall endeavor to
preserve order and harmony among his assistants; prevent smoking, quarreling or idleness, and permit no persons to enter the kitchen, except on special business. He shall
be responsible for the safe custody of patients detailed to assist him, and must not permit them to stray beyond the limits prescribed by the Medical Superintendent.
LAUNDEY ATTENDANTS.

1. The overseer of the laundry shall collect the clothing and other articles to be
washed, as directed by the Supervisor and Matron, and see that they are properly
classified, washed, dried, and conveyed to the ironing-room. It shall be his duty to see
that those employed are attentive and faithful throughout the hours of labor and that
good order and cleanliness prevail in the laundry.
2. The person in charge of the ironing-room will see that clothing and other articles
delivered from the washing-rooms are properly ironed and correctly distributed.
She shall have the custody of clothing that is not legibly marked, and furnish a list of
the same to the Matron.
GAKDENEK.

1. The Gardener, under the direction of the Medical Superintendent and Steward,
shall have the care of the garden, pleasure grounds and 'greenhouse, and will see that
they are kept in good order.
2. He shall also have charge of all implements belonging to his department, and see
that they are properly preserved.
3. Patients detailed to assist him must be treated with kindness and respect, and
must not be compelled or permitted to work beyond their strength or in bad weather.
4. He Will consult the Medical Superintendent and Steward respecting such seeds as
may be required, and the amount and variety of vegetables, etc., it is desirable to
raise.
5. He will see that the kitchens are promptly supplied each morning, or at other
times of the day, if so directed, with such vegetables as may be in season.
6. He shall not exhibit the greenhouse or grounds to visitors without special permission of the Medical Superintendent, and must, as far as possible, prevent any depredations being committed in the garden or grounds, and keep a correct account of all the
products of the garden, and shall report the same to the Steward, in writing, at the end
of each month.
ENGINEER AND STEAM FITTER.

1. The Engineer and Steam Fitter, under the direction of the Medical Superintendent, shall have the personal charge of the steam fitting shop, boilers and steam machinery, warming and ventilation, fire extinguishing and steam cooking apparatus, dumb
waiters, sewers, pipe-fitting, gas and water supplies, water closets, etc., and shall also be
responsible for the conduct of the fireman and those detailed to assist him.
2. He shall permit no patient or other person to enter the boiler room, or steam fitting shop, without special permission of the Medical Superintendent, or upon a necessary errand.
3. It shall be his duty to supply steam for heating in cold weather, and for cooking
and washing; to keep the tanks well supplied with water, and furnish sufficient hot
water for all purposes required.
4. He will make such alterations and repairs of the apparatus under his care as may
be needed, and shall frequently confer with the Medical Superintendent respecting the
needs of his department.
5. He will have charge of all tools and stock in his department; see that they are
carefully preserved, and that good order and system prevail. He will carefully regulate
the consumption of fuel, prevent all waste of steam, water or coal, and see that the fire
hydrants and hose are kept ready for use at a moment's warning.

46

MICHIGAN ASYLUM FOR INSANE CRIMINALS.
DUTIES OP THE MESSENGER.

1. The Messengers of the administration building will always be prompt in answering
the door bell, will receive every visitor with the utmost courtesy, and having ascertained
the object of the call, will see that it is attended to without delay. Whatever be the purpose of the visit, one of the physicians must first be consulted. If no one of the physicians is in the office, he will lose no time in finding one, in order to avoid the unnecessary detention of visitors, or persons having business at the Institution. All information in regard to the patients must be given by the physicians.
CARPENTER.

1. He shall call at the Superintendent's office to receive orders for repairs, daily, at
12 o'clock m.
2. He shall have the immediate care of the carpenter shop, and be responsible for the
economical use of lumber and all materials purchased for his department.
3. He shall not allow any one to make use of the tools, lumber or other material
under his charge without permission of the Medical Superintendent.
4. In performing work on wards he will be expected to have no surplus tools and have
an Attendant always present.
5. In making repairs in rooms the room in which he is engaged must if practicable be
locked.
RULES IN REGARD TO WARDS AND PATIENTS.

1. Every part of the wards is to be kept scrupulously neat, clean and well ventilated
at all times.
2. If a vessel is used during the day by a patient or if any bedroom or part of the
ward is soiled it is to be attended to at once.
3. Whenever the bed or furniture of a room is disarranged it must be promptly put
in order.
4. Sweeping, mopping or other work will be done as often each day as is necessary to
keep every part of the building perfectly clean and in order.
5. A clean sheet and pillow case are to be put on each bed at least once a week and
spreads, blankets, sheets and ticks must be changed as soon as soiled and the pieces
taken to the laundry at once.
6. All beds are to be well aired at least once a week.
7. Patients are to have their laundried clothes changed regularly.
8. The clothing of patients is to be kept neat and clean and well brushed at all times.
If buttons are lacking or holes are found in a garment repairs are to be made at once.
Untidy patients must be kept clean and dry at all times.
9. All male patients are to be shaved twice each week unless otherwise ordered by a
Medical Officer.
BATHING PATIENTS.

1. Each patient must be bathed at least once a week unless otherwise ordered by a
Medical Officer.
2. In preparing a bath the cold water is always to be turned on first.
3. Before the patient enters the bath the temperature is,to be ascertained and is not
to be below 88 degrees nor above 98 degrees.
4. A patient's head is never to be put under water.
5. Especial care must be taken to dry and clothe quickly those patients who are feeble and helpless.
6. A patient must never be allowed to bathe without an attendant being, present.
7. After a bath the finger and toe nails of each patient must be trimmed.
8. The bath tub is to be emptied and cleansed after each patient.
DIRECTIONS FOR THE CARE OP SICK AND PEBBLE PATIENTS.

1. When a patient complains of being sick or is supposed to be sick report should
be made at the medical office at once.

RULES AND REGULATIONS.

47

2. In making the beds of sick and feeble patients, care must be taken not to raise
them suddenly from a horizontal to an upright position, for fear of an attack of syncope.
If a patient is very feeble a second bed should be provided.
3. Food should be brought to sick patients in neat dishes upon salvers supplied with
clean spreads and especial pains taken to render the appearance of the food inviting and
appetizing.
4. The hands and faces of sick patients should be freshly bathed, the hair neatly
brushed, the nails cleaned, and the bed re-arranged previous to their taking food.
5. Every article of clothing or bed clothing should be changed as soon as it becomes
soiled, wet or offensive.
6. In cases of diarrhea or dysentery a careful disinfection of all discharges is enjoined.
The room must be scrupulously neat and well aired from time to time.
7. In giving a sponge bath precaution must be taken not to exhaust the strength of
the patient. The room should be warm, a portion only of the body should be exposed
and bathed, and the part bathed should be carefully dried and re-covered before proceeding to another part.
ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICINE.

1. Medicine will be administered only as directed in writing by one of the physicians.
2. The utmost gentleness is to be used in giving medicine. When it is positively
refused its forcible administration is not to be resorted to without a physician being
present, or a special order from a medical officer.
3. Any unexpected effect in the operation of medicine is to be promptly reported to
one of the physicians.
SUICIDAL

PATIENTS.

1. When a patient has a disposition to commit suicide or injury to his person, there is
no security but constant watching. Care must be taken to place out of reach all the
means that would likely be resorted to and the patient kept constantly in sight. In a
case where the desire to suicide is strong a single minute is sufficient for them to
accomplish their design.
2. Especial care must be taken of such patients about twilight meal time, and all
times when the general attention is distracted, as these are the times when attempts
are most likely to be made.
3. Especial care must be taken at all times that patients do not get in their posession
knives, razors or dangerous weapons of any kind. Frequent search for such articles
must be made in the wards.
4. Anything seen lying about the wards, yards or grounds that might prove dangerous in the hands of a violent person, should be promptly and carefully removed.
HOMICIDAL AND DANGEROUS PATIENTS.

1. The foregoing in regard to suicidal patients applies equally to homicidal and
dangerous patients.
PATIENTS NOT TO DO WORK FOR

EMPLOYES.

1. Patients are not to do any sewing or other work for the private benefit of Attendants or other employes.
PRECAUTIONS AGAINST ACCIDENTS.

1. Knives, forks and spoons must be counted after each meal, and positive knowledge
had that none are missing before patients are allowed to leave the dining room.
2. Bread and carving knives are never to be entrusted to patients, and special care
must be taken of them.
3. No patient is to be allowed upon any pretext to go to the kitchen, carpenter shop,
engine or boiler room, or any place where dangerous weapons may be secured, except
by written order of the Medical Superintendent.
4. Dining room and kitchen doors are to be locked at all times, except when passing
through.

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MICHIGAN ASYLUM FOE INSANE CEIMINALS.

5. The towel rollers must always be properly secured, and the doors of elevators, dust
and clothes shafts always locked.
6. All steam and water leaks, broken glass, lack of heat, impairment of locks, etc.,
must be promptly reported.
7. Patients must never be allowed in Attendants' rooms. When necessary for Attendants to enter their rooms during the day they will close and lock the doors on entering
and leaving.
8. Special care of tools must be taken and watchfulness of patients exercised when
engineer, carpenter or other mechanic are engaged in making repairs on wards.
PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIKE.

1. Never leave rags saturated with oil or grease in contact with wood. Never throw
them down shafts, as there is danger of their igniting spontaneously.
2. Never trust patients with matches. Never throw down burning match ends.
3. Never leave clothing in contact with steam pipes.
4. Draw and leave standing after the retiring hour all bath tubs full of water, and
leave at least five water pails beside each tub.
5. The Night Watch will report any omissions to leave water in bath tubs, and the
specified number of pails beside each tub.
ALARM OF FIRE.

1. If fire is discovered use the pails of water from bath rooms and attach and turn on
. the ward hose. Notify at once the Medical Superintendent, Engineer and Supervisor.
HOW TO SUPPRESS PIKE.

1. Use water provided in bath tubs, pass it in pails to the desired point. If necessary
form a line of trusty patients for this purpose.
2. Attach hose to stand pipes. After bringing nozzle end as near the fire as possible,
turn on water. If it will not reach fill pails from it until additional hose can be
brought from wards not in immediate danger.
3. If smoke escapes from a dust or clothes shaft turn water down it from pails or hose.
If from heating flues place mattresses against them. When smoke is dense there is
always a stratum of pure air at the floor. Therefore, in order to discover the source of
smoke, or to, escape, creep along the floor with the head as low as possible.
CARE OP PATIENTS IN CASE OF PIRE.

1. The first thought in case of fire should lie the safety of the patients. All efforts
to save the building must be subordinate to this consideration.
2. If fire originates in center of building congregate patients at end of ward farthest
from the fire. An Attendant must enter each patient's room, see that no patient is in, and
lock the door to prevent patients from returning to them. Unless absolutely necessary,
patients should not be taken from the building except by direction of a Medical Officer
or General Supervisor.
3. In the absence of a Medical Officer or General Supervisor, or specific orders, those
in charge of patients must do what is thought best to care for them in the safest manner possible. Be sure no patient is left behind. Restrain disturbed and dangerous
patients if possible.
4. There will probably be abundant time for the removal of all patients. Do not
take patients out insufficiently clad if practicable.
SUGGESTIONS.

A few special facts and principles should be constantly kept in mind by all persons
connected with the management of the insane, but more especially by the Attendants
to whose care and keeping they are entrusted.
1. Insanity is generally associated with and dependent upon some bodily disease or
infirmity.

RULES AND REGULATIONS.

49

2. There is usually a loss or serious impairment of the sense of moral obligation and
an inability to act upon such a distinction, hence the patient is not responsible for his
words and actions.
3. There is usually a full appreciation of all acts of kindness or courtesy, and frequently a recollection of them after a restoration to health.
4. There is usually a morbid or exalted sensitiveness in relation to what is due to
them in attention and general deportment and consequently irritation, excitement or
anger, at either real or imagined neglect or improprieties of treatment, and the recurrence of such paroxysms or outbursts of excitement or anger aggravates and perpetuates the disease.
5. The more the mind dwells upon or is in any way reminded of hallucinations or
delusions, the more permanently they are fixed; so is the reverse true, that the more
entirely they are excluded from the mind by occupation with other thoughts and ideas,
the sooner do they disappear altogether.

1. For the purpose of enabling the public to obtain a correct knowledge of the
arrangement and management of an asylum for the insane, and of doing so without
interference with the regular duties of the officers and the transaction of necessary business, visitors may, by obtaining a permit from the Medical Superintendent, be admitted
to such portions of the house as may be occupied by quiet patients between the hours
of two and four in the afternoon of every day of the week except Sunday, Saturday,
and the holidays.
2. Exceptions to this rule may be made in favor of public officers, persons connected
with public institutions, and relatives of patients.
3. Friends of attendants, assistants, and officers, are requested, as far as pocsible,
to confine their visits to these hours, and will not be allowed to enter the wards
except under the prescribed restrictions.
4. The person appointed to conduct visitors through the wards will not be permitted
to converse about patients by name or to point them out, and visitors are requested to
observe an appropriate discretion in this respect.
5. Persons wishing to see patients, or learn their condition, will make inquiry of the
Superintendent or Assistant Physician, at the medical office. As a rule, information
concerning patients will not be furnished, unless to relatives and public officers, and
only by the medical officers.
GENERAL KTTLES.

1. All persons employed in the Asylum are expected to see their department is kept
in perfect order and neatness. No part will be regarded as clean, if it can be made
cleaner.
2. They are to consider that their whole time, except what is required for personal
duties, belongs to the Asylum, and they are not to leave their duties, or the premises,
without express permission of the Medical Superintendent, or, in his absence, the
Assistant Physician. They are expected to perform cheerfully, and to the best of their
ability, all duties assigned them by the Medical Superintendent.
3. All persons employed in and about the Asylum are expected to treat the patients,
and those having business at the Asylum, and each other, with civility and respect.
4. No employe shall buy of or sell to a patient anything whatever, nor receive gratuities or presents from patients, or their friends, except by permission of the Medical
Superintendent.
5. When abroad, employes are to avoid speaking of the names or peculiarities of
patients, and are never to speak disrespectfully of the Asylum or any of its officers.
6. No male employe, except officers, shall enter any portion of the building or grounds
occupied by female patients, or female employes, without express permission of the
Medical Superintendent or Assistant Physician.
7. No person, friends or acquaintances of employe's, shall be lodged or fed in the Asylum, or admitted into the offices, wards, kitchens, bakery, wash-house, boiler room, carpenter shop, or other department of the Asylum where they are not employed, without
express permission of the Medical Superintendent or unless upon a necessary errand, or
in accordance with such rules as the Medical Superintendent may establish; and
employes, when on errands, must not be absent from their post longer than is absolutely necessary.
7

50

MICHIGAN ASYLUM FOB INSANE CRIMINALS.

8. When abroad on leave, the hour for return is 10 o'clock, at which time the doors
will be locked, and no person admitted afterwards, without being reported to the Medical Superintendent. It is the wish of the Medical Superintendent to allow as much
relaxation as possible to those who faithfully discharge their duties, and to such will be
granted as much leave of absence as the interests of the service and the welfare of the
Asylum will permit; but whenever, for any reason, the absence of employes is deemed
likely to be prejudicial to the interests of the Institution, they are expected to willingly
remain at their posts. Application for leave of absence beyond the regular hours, must
be made to the Ward Supervisor before 9 a. m., and the number of hours desired must
be stated in each instance. Promptness in returning at the hour to which leave of
absence was given is always to be carefully observed. If unforseen circumstances positively prevent this for any length of time, word should be sent to the Asylum. Without special permission no employe is to leave the premises at any time or for any purpose.
9. No conversation must ever be held through the windows, by subordinate employes
or visitors, nor must anything be thrown through the windows.
10. No light must be carried about the buildings except in a lantern, and the greatest
care must be taken in the use of matches that none be left exposed, and no matches
carried by any employe except the safety match, adopted for the use of the institution.
Carelessness in this particular may be followed with the most serious consequences.
11. No person shall be retained in the service of the institution who is found at any
time in a state of intoxication. Whenever any one is discharged for violation of rules
or improper conduct, no notice will be given in advance or payment made, except on
the terms of the printed agreement made with employes.
12. All persons employed in any capacity upon the premises whose duties are not
especially defined here will nevertheless be expected to conform to the general spirit of
the rules in every particular.
13. Steam in employes rooms must be turned off when they leave them for the day's
work.
14. Lights must be turned out when the occupant or occupants leave the room.
15. The rising bell shall be rung for two or three minutes at 4:45 o'clock a. m., in
May, June, July, August and September, and at 5 o'clock a. m., in October, November,
December, January, February, March and April. All persons having duties to perform
in the Asylum, will rise promptly at the ringing of the morning bell. The "retiring "
bell will be rung at the hour designated by the Superintendent.
16. Breakfast will be served precisely one hour and a half after the ringing of the
rising bell. Dinner will be served at 12 m., the year round; and supper at 6 p. m., in the
spring, summer and fall, and 5 p. m. in the winter.
17. Sunday is to be a Sabbath or day of rest and quiet at the Asylum. The grounds
are not to be exhibited to visitors on this day, nor shall any visitor be admitted into the
wards or Attendants' rooms, except upon express permission of the Medical Superintendent.
18. The officer or employe to whom this pamphlet is presented will receive the same
in an official capacity, and its contents as an official notification of the duties required
of him or her. After its receipt, ignorance of the Rules of the Asylum will not be
admitted as an excuse, upon the part of any officer or employe, for dereliction of duty.
19. The recipient of this pamphlet must preserve it in good order, and in the event of
his or her resignation or dismissal, must return it with his or her keys, to the Superintendent before a final settlement ^yill be made.
20. The loss, destruction or mutilation of or writing of names in this pamphlet will
involve a forfeiture of one dollar, unless it can be satisfactorily shown to have occurred
accidentally.
21. During the hours of duty employes are not to take a general bath, shave or do
any work for their private benefit. And after hours of duty female employes are not
allowed to make new garments in the institution.
22. Medicines sent to wards must be placed in a locked drawer or cupboard and
never left exposed in a room.
23. Violation of any of the foregoing rules ie sufficient cause for discharge in the
discretion of the Medical Superintendent.



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