Standard Atlas of Grand Traverse County, Michigan, 1908

Standard Atlas of Grand Traverse County, Michigan, 1908

Real property--Michigan

This is an atlas of Grand Traverse County, Michigan. Townships and villages are represented as plat maps.

N/A

Physical copy of this work is held in the Nelson Room, Traverse Area District Library, Traverse City (Mich.)

Geo. A. Ogle and Co., Chicago (Ill.)

1908

N/A

This work is in the public domain.

None

PDF

English

Document

pdw1082975

Grand Traverse County, Michigan, United States

IN@UUDIN(7
_A~PL

1l~

BO()K

OF TI-IE

_VILLAGES, G'ITIES AND TowNSHIPS OF THE @ouNTY.
---t--%~ ~.: 9¥' ~ ~A~-=€-~ tti+fa"F-§8&> £~s-.A#f3~ W~;" ~~'­

Patrons _Directory., Reference Business Directory and Departments
devoted to Geneva I r nfovmati on.
ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM OF U.S. LAND SURVEYS, DIGEST OF THE
SYSTEM OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT, ETC. ETC.

bEO .. A.eiiBIIE at

Ire .

PUBLISHERS & ENGRAVER§a
134 VAN BUREN ST.

GHIGAGO.

TABLE Of CONTENTS
GENERAL INDEX.

PAGE
~PAGE ...

. . . .. .. .. ... ... . . ....... ......... . . . ~... . ...... . .......... 3
»"~:IDlE OF CONTENTS. . , ....... . . .. ................... . . . .. .. . . .......... 5
~ MAP OF GRAND TRAVERSE COUNTY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. 7
Y'.a'P ~ 7HE STATE OF MICHIGAN. . . .... . .... . ............ . .. .... 70-71
~ Cf}J' T.:HE UNITED STATES.. ..... .... . . . . ........ . .. . ... . ........ 74-75
m...~ ®F T.BE WORLD.. . . . . . . . . ...... . .. ... .. ......... . . . . . .. . ....... 78-79
~~'REFERENCE DIRECTORY OF GRAND TRAVERSE COUNTY.81
~~TIONS .. .. . . . . ..... . ...... ........ . ..... : . . .. . ................ . 85

.

PAGE

.

ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM OF UNITED STATES LAND SURVEYS,
... . .......... ..... ............. ·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... Supplement
I-II
DIGEST OF THE SYSTEM OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT: .. Supplement III-VI
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING BANKING AND BUSINESS METHODS.................. .. ....... . .. . ... Supplement VII-VIII
ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HISTORY, CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED ......... ... ...... . ...... Supplement X-XXII

GRAND TRAVERSE OOUNTY IND5X.
PAGE

PAGE

ACME, PLAT OF . . .......... .. ... ..... .. .. . ... . .... ... 30
ACME TOWNSHIP . .. ... .......
51
lBLACKWOOD, PLAT OF ..... ................. ...... . 31
1BLAIR :TOWNSHIP ..... .............. _...... _.. ___ .. 59
· DIAMOND PARK, PLAT OF .... . ... .... ........ ... ... 35
DUCK LAKE PARK, PLAT OF .. _.... __ ...... _.. _.... _34
EAST BAY, PLAT OF ...... ....... .... ..... . . ...... 26- 27
EAST BAY TOWNSHIP .. ... ... . ... .. .. .... . _..... _. .. 49
ENLARGED PLAT OF THE · N. ~ Ofi' THE S. W. !
SEC. 4, GARFIELD TOWNSHIP ___ _.......... __ .. 30
FIFE LAKE, PLAT OF . ..... ~ ---------------------22-23
FIFE LAKE TOWNSHIP ..... ... ... .. __ .. _... ......... 37
GARFIELD TOWNSHIP. ___ . . __.. _... _.. _______ . _. _... 61
GRAND TRAVERSE COUNTY, OUTLINE MAP OF .... 7
ltl;RANT TOWNSHIP .......... ......................... 63
GRAWN STATION, PLAT OF . .. ____ ___ ___ .. ......... 31
SREEN LAKE TOWNSHIP .... __ .... __ ... __ ____ _.. .... 65
INTERLOCHEN, PLAT OF __ ........ __ __ .. ___ .. .. _.... 27
KARLIN, PLAT 0 F . ... .... ...... .. ..... ...... ... ... . . 35
KINGSLEY, PLAT OF ...... ................. .... .. . .. 23 .
'IKRATOCHVIL' S PLAT .. .. . ~ . .. _.. . . ____ . ____ . __ ~ __ . __ 31
LAKESIDE RESORT, PLAT OF ................ ... .... 30
LONG LAKE TOWNSHIP ... .. _....... _.................. 67
J

......... .

........

.. . . .

MABEL POST OFFICE, PLAT OF . .. ................. 42
MAYFIELD, PLAT 0 F . ........... _.. . .... .. . __ . _... . . 47
MAYFIELD TOWNSHIP . ........ . . . . . . .. . .. " . ... .... .. 57
. MONROE CENTER, PLAT OF .... ......... ....... ~ ... 35
NE-AH-TA-WANTA, PLAT OF .......... ... ........ 34- 35
OLD MISSION, PLAT OF .. ...... .... .. ...... ... ..... 26- 27
PARADISE, PLAT OF . . .......... .. ... .... .. ........... 23
PARADISE TOWNSHIP ........ ........ ..... _.'._ . .. 46- 47
PENINSULA RESORT, PLAT OF .................. . .. 34
PENINSULA TOWNSHIP ..... . .. . . ..... .... ..... .. 54- 55
SUMMIT CITY, PLAT OF ...... .................... 30- 31
TRAVERSE CITY, PLAT OFWEST PART OF ............ . ..... ... .. ....... 10-11
MIDDLE PART OF .......... ................ 14- 15
EAST PART OF ...... .. ... .......... ......... 18- 19
TRAVERSE POINT, PLAT OF ..... .. ..... . ........ 34-35
UNION TOWNSHIP ... .. . ........ ............ ... .. ... 39
WALTON, PLAT OF .... ...... .. ..... ................. 31
WEXFORD CORNERS, PLAT OF ..... ...... .. . . .. .. .47
. WHITEWATER TOWNSHIP ....... ............... ; · 42- 43
WILLIAMSBURG, PLAT OF .. ...... ........ ....... 30- 31
WYLIE, PLAT OF .......... ____ _.... .. .. __ ___ ........ 35

""

.

I

..

•

INDEX TO ILLUSTRATION·S
PAGE

PAGu:

!'ACE

J ............... S9

Front Street, Tra\·erse City ................ 91

l'alll. Peter .... ........ .. ..... .. ... .............93

Asylum at Grand Traverse City ........... 93

G-ietzen, Tbeo., Res. of. .................... 85

Pah l , Peter, Res. of. ................ : .. ........ H.~

Auyer, Mr. and Mrs. \V.I.. ................ 87

Gilmore, :vir. and Mrs. Andrew . . ....... 89

Porter, C. L ...... ..... ............ .... .......... .89
Pray, A.!:>., Res. o£ .......... .. ............... 85

Albright, Mr. awl Mrs. A.

J~ .•

Res. of.. ...... ... ............. 91

Hamlin, F. :'II. and Family ................. 89

Baird, W. M . , Farm Sce ne ... .. ............91

Hartline, Tapp ...... . ... ............ . ........... 89

Pray, Thos. I., Res. of....

.93

Barratt, Mr. an d Mrs. Augustus ...... ... 87

Heim, Mr. and Mrs. vVm ............ .. ..... 87

Public Library, Tra,·erse City..

..8.)

Benson, B. A., Res. of.. .... ......... ... .....91

. Heim, \Vlll., Farm Scene ....... ............. 93

Ayers, W.

J.

Ramsey, :VIr. aud Mrs. Willis D ......... 87

Benson, 0. J., Res. o£ ... ..................... 91

Hilliker,

Bent Beach Far m ...............................93

Hoch, Edward S .............. . ................ 89

Rieken I, :.\1r. a 1Hl .Mrs. I,ilyfayette C ... 87

Boardman A\·e. School, Traver se City .. 85

Horlges, G. E .................................. 87

J.{unk, l\ Ir. a nd :VIrs. James l\1 ............ 93

Bracebridge, W. E ...... . .................. ... S9

Kennedy, John, R es. of. ..... ............... 91

Runk, Jau1es ::II., Home o£. ................. 93

Brake!, William ........................... ...... 87

Kratoclwil, Frank .............................93

~alliHlcrs,

Brigh am, G. i\ ................. ... .. ...... .. .... 93

Kratochvil, wimcil and Family .. :-:': ...... 89

:->hearer, Gena A............. ............... .. ..89

Brust, A. G., Store o£ ... .. .......... ......... 91

Kratochvil, William ..... ... .................. 89

Skinner , Fred \N .... ........... ................. 87

Bunce, C. \V . , Res . of. ............ ......... 85

Kreiser, Mrs. N., Res. of.. ................ 91

Sours, Frank E., Res. of ...... ... ... ......... 91

Cass and Front Streets, Traverse City .. 85

Kreiser, Ralph , Res. o£.. ................... 91

Sours, Lowell, Res. of.. ...................... 91

Champion, E. E., Res. of ................... 91

Lade!, Rmmor 0 ...................... .. ....... 89

Sours School House.....

CJeyeJand, f..(. K . ............................... 87

Lanlie, P. F ............. .. ...................... 89

Sprag-ue, E. L. [<lecease<l )

.....87

Cook, C. W., Res. of .......... ... .. .. ...... 91

Lanlie, P. F., Res. o£.. ........... .. ......... 91

Stites, Kossuth, Res. of ........ .

.... 85

Cox, Rclwar<l ... ...... ............ ...... . ......... 87

Linder111an, E. Y .............................. S7

SLockfisch, Walter ................ .

Cox, t;psall. ........ ... .............. ..... ........ 89

McCombs , J o hn H ............... .. . ........ . .. 89

............................... 89

::11cinLire, :Hr. nnrl :VIrs. Archie ........... 89

Crisp, Georg-e

r~

•

W ............. .............. ........ 87

·Ramsey, vVillis D., View ................... 93

Abe......... .................. . .......... S7

.. ....... 9.'>

.. .89
U111lor, I\ug-er1e .......... ........................ 93
\Vaguer, Jacob, Res. o£. ....................91

Court H ouse, TraYerse City ................. 85

::llam·ille, Cl!as. E ......................... ...... 87

\Vaterman, E. !' ............. ................. 87

~urtis,

J\!oore, E. A ............................ ..........89

\~'e:wer,

Ashley B ...................... ........ 87

Davis, Henry E .................................89

l\loore,

:.\Ir.~.

E. .\ ............. .... ... .......... 1)9

Samuel \V ................... ... ..... 91

W eber, Christ. , Res. of ........ ............. 8.'i

Dean , 1\Ir. and l\lrs. Chas . ...... . ........... 89

.Moore, Elaire .... ... .. ....... .. ......... .......... 89

Weber , Joseph, Res. of. .................... 9l

Degraw, G. K, Res. of ..................... 85

Moore, ~I. T ........................ .._. .......... 89

\\'eher, Pdcr, Res. o£. ...... ................. 85

Dixon, \V. H . .... .. ... ........ .................89.

:Moran, Thomas ............. ... : ................ 87

Wilhelm Building-,

Dixon, \V. H., Res. of .......... .... .. ....... 93

l\Ioran, Thos., Re.s. o£ ....................... 85

\\'il son . Mr. Ancl l\I•·s. R. c\. .............. 87

Dunn, \Vesley .................. .'................ 87

i\Iuehling, ).Ir. and :\>Irs. Hal tzar ........ 87

Wilson , R. A. and Pets ..................... 93

Duryea, Mr. and l\frs. E. B .. .. ........... 89

~clson ,

. ....... 89

Worden, W. A .................................. 87

E lk Rapids ::iavings Bank, Elk Rapids .. 85

Ne\\'<:Omb, D. P. ...... .... ...... .. .. .. ......... 87

Zoulek. Antoinc ................................ 93

Fouch. Perry .................................... 91

C. F. 0 . .......... ...

1'n1\'~rse

City ..... .. AS

®c,-e..le: %o o.f 1 ii\Cl\ to 1mil~

N

'"'
'

.·

L E eLANAW

"'
"''"a .,,

CO.

TRAVERSE CITY

Nye

Jordan

~

~L

'1_...,

attnah &

0

~ " '"-~~

.

WEST PART OF.

C-?as Co/e

~ \\!

'

COUNTY 5EAT OF GRAND TRAVER5ECO

·.

Lay

.

~'--

MICHIGAN

~
~"""'~-·,.-------------

_lt./_[.c _JI,fan LL s

~

S c;,_je4ooR~u;,_ch

.

-

::---.:::::-----.
------~·. --=
-~~ -~

.

-~-..:__-------=_ -:::::::::---~--~
--------------------------- ~
-------- ---------~ -===----3~
---~

J

T .Jf an.nah

Est .
qa

ST.

'"

~

-~

I~

~

"'

~

:'

.•

~h!
l"t

",.

-;;

,

6

"

""'

"'Q:~~,•

"
"

n

' ,., \l

"'

0

I
•&5

acer -~ .EJ.J:Cook

~

'
1::

~

R<

~ ~ ~
~~'))

-~'-'~
~
"'(~ ~, '\,;
~ -;~

~

~~

~

~V)

~

... ~

Vi

~~

~<:
~

Ha_nnah~

Lay &. Co.

.•

~

~ ST.
·-1-i·ll·i·l

q,
:~1::!~1!!!

(.

a

()

\-·

~

'I

~ ~

State of
(

~

,.,.,.,~~,l~~.t.i.i,J.I

•
,

I
I
I

I

,,1,~-~~tl>l~'

1111

31

I

/?I

I

Ill

II
.

'

.

.

~

•

••

"'l~'!tl~*-

~~

""'
"

~~

rl+l·l1trrl+l~l
gl

§I

J
•• ••

! l~tJ$:1SIJ

sr.~

1
:l~~~'lllol•l

. .tffi££,1~ffittill.~.

11-

,- .

•

•

IM\11

111111111111

Mrrtnrrrrrtn1fflTI1··. ... .•. . . . .

I
I

.

1111

,.,:._,•id'Will

nlllw ITrtllll1TTlti"HITTTITTTTllll [TTTrn··· .
I 1 11 1

•

. ..

··~

REd!

·~

" ..'

:<:

~y

I
Northern

"

«

7i

MichiJ--A
Asylum I

tlittttttm'l1tltm·~..mtlm
lffilfffmmRrrR1j:~ffi~1fJ~i:~ 11~~~~~wrn

Cbc/age

I

22

I
I

I
I
I

•

"

·H·I+rftri+HtrrrH

u

I

I

~

:;;:

I

Cotta-gel3o

·':M#I#I-F1#1'i'r~~

~

i /1~
I

nP&J16-3

Church

ASYLUIV1)

-~

I

i

~~~~~~·1-~1~·1·~~~

It-""'"'"'

:l;lol:<l~•l•~~lol'i'

michLJan

0

1"

'~>tj9~~~~;fi~+H~+I+11

C~e
28

*

19*19'#1~~~:fj~l>.f.;~bl l;~~·l~l·l>l."'ll·~~~~~~l.j.kblll

~

S t

Q

te

Hi

7<

of

34-

. (A-SYLUM

~

I

- '

I
'
·- .

:t ~ - ~ - . "
-.. . !t~ . !
'4Z.Ii.3~ ..; 6 il 7 ~B--;;;;-yz:::&&~#WW

.

'

I

,I

-r1 . I1

-~m~ ~ ~tl1tt11pm· ~

I II

I

-

Q

~

-

~

---·-

§

liJ,., /5TH

.....

;

. "r

.;

V)

9 -Q

ST."'la.l

~&gJfW!f1~J: .•·· e-HJ~

n ·

-

~-

-·

'"'

-

·---~·-·

·

-

·- . . ·--· . . .. ·- ..... .... . . .. ... . .

.. ·- ·· ...

-· ·

'-

[~;WJimiT.D~W"

?

- . -----·

4.

'<>

-;;

""'

"

,,
.F' B_

W'In . Gordoo.

ro

~

7

~

Lot

B. J.

-

6

.,

~

G'annet't'

'I

~-

..<>

:t:"
[,.j - . . ~J.LU.UilU'l.~
--.JVEN-miNf1/o-< . l..ll. L.I.!..U ..LI.LLI.J~li......!UI
~

...... r."

~orga_n

"~

'O

......
St-ale

o ·£

/lif ,· ch ,·g a .n

J.- . E . Gre.~.1ick~Est.

(A§YLU/v7_!

10

~

~

~

~
ill().,

~

~

()

.J:lo.mzah, La.y lb Co.

.,

E. L. R ansorn

t.J. .
(j>~

~

>

"

.(j

~

"-0

;-;.,

~ ~~

(j

t;:

0

-.; il:1
~

t
...

~~

.:;

..Tos. Z irntrnerma:n

E .
80 ·

L.

.,

a . n · so rrt

,2,

W

D . You.h:er

.s
9'3

cT eT Twea!a/e

3

...,
....,

COUNTY .5EAT OF GRAND TRAVERSE CO.

MICHIGAN

--------------------

Sca.le4 oo fl =>i nch

;;
--

•

1

66

4-l .!! l j!II I 7 U

13 ] t:t. l " I IO ] 'I'

•..
'

.

L

,.

••
!4

6

.. ..

• '
"

10

••
~

I

, ..

••

..
]
~

">tttJ!!h];~
'fiGHTH

fl
ST.:.

J

J
J

I I I Ill n~rl~I~IJh~~J~
~ r '"·~ ·

<i

,,

(.)

<il

•

•

z.<

"
N

"'

.~

~

..,...,

!<,
(J

.,
2•

"

J1r R

H

..:]

IPI ~ T'i'

-<:'

q ] 4 l .l?l ll'

" '"

S t .J. n c h coi n b

~

0

6

. ... ...

~

"'~
~

.,.,. ,,,

(j

~
~

P1-,~ ~
~ I I~I ~~ ~ ~

-Wt7:::J'pvuldt /~q

I I Z: ]J ]of]..rl6 1.7 ]6

E

H

.Da.y

G B. Don n elly

.R o s e 0 '.Da.!/
E

~"Pi' L,brhrhd

I

Pe r v.is

u

OL·en

(5
~

~
"tt
0

Ge orge

~
....

.

Barlo w

0 . P Carver
dO

40

· ~

\:)

q

:LO

I

2.$

24.

8

7'7

I 6

'-S

26

2.7

I

.kla.nna.h., Lay a, Co.
30fl6

'II.

<>'

(j

<II

. :i-,
0

>-8

~~
.c;
cr

r::
r::
c:J

·~

W= .

.Csitn.er

,.

Ji a.nna.h,

L a.y

Be

Co .

5

E

EAST PARTOF=F~a::e11U

s.Pr:dt

80

.;>B

2.3.5S

TRAVERSE CITY

J. · .iJ :!31lhnjs

F. Brosclz

st.

. -J:foward,

T OF 6 RAND TRAVERSE CO.

Govt. Lot7-

I

Govi. Lot s-56./0a...

Gov't. Lot 6-6 6.·1oa..

s51oo

5/ . 00a..

I
I

..F:£enry

.Ze~:."gZe.r

.zS

I

f

I
I

J

Frank

Ernzly

.13 rosch

I

Bertha 13 rady

Bllhn:;s

CharLes

56.10

56./.0

.PassrnoPe

q _q_30

36

Tzlus.

-·
&

.5

J

F.

a

(

X

0

n

12-0

I

L G Bryant
7A

ol

Gov't.

3 - JB. 60

a.

~

~

r>O.:J

~~n·

L i n a.

E. F B ' ny a.ht
30

I

G

L
76 '

~

B r ya..n

t
I

"
Grand

Traverse

.6-9,.,_,"'0

'\.)

11

d

~

i""'""i'"r

'<1

"'

(j

...

II

J"'>f

,.

~~~

~cs

~

.SJ C?

J

"

"<

., "

.t; ,
....,0. .

"":s:

.lC ./1J.fl e w

....

"'

~'

40

• >J

""'

<.:)

~) •.,........,

~

aqq z o

I I
...
,
.66.

-::..:::.. . _ijANNAH

~
56H~
.564 - 63

I
±
t
I'---j~_.L.I __.....:~~--_jl
·•••ir-T'---)/~-===2[A~VC=-

..

1

•-..

I

I

1

c.

~-

'

~

I

I Thorn

'"

I

1- - -

j

Ce:n1elerl/
5

7

8

9

to

"

'"

t

Traverse Ctly

Easl Bay LuncberC'o
4<>.

40

II

13

15

Loucks

Geo .

2-

T00-2A>

3

4

5

6

7

&

9

10

"

n

13

•4
Cf>ar-{es

Hannah,

Lay"' Go.

Wzn . M z'tchell

Bo
3

4

5

6

.,

lb

J. E

Par-ks

.71'2 a..ha.n
80

'\!
C

8

lkr Parker
eS.:L.o

~

(l

"1
' t-.:1

9

10

'li

"

J .

w::.m i Jlilcen
80

,,_

II)

14

~
~·

zoo

:JI'2 r>s. A . ' .L . Land
40

l'Vzn . .lVrt.rchett
3.5.60

B .

cT o.h n

_B

a tto.n.!'te/d
.:zo

Pt7: .B.roU/eL'

9 a: .

D a. ::n. . cJYCc . c.fi ll e y
-i.Oa..

FIFE~f\KE
_FIFE LAKE •
TfVP.
·
@§'cale .· 40q_/z' . .z £-nch .

.Denne's .BF'oS
40

.

i .

H. L . L a

'Bar>

GSa.

KINGSLEY
PLATTEO AS PARADISE

Case &
Cror.zer

Dr.

JJ

.Br:>oc.vnso n

..t:4.GO

PARADIS£ TWP.
@cafe.· eJoc?J1. • .u nch.

7
40

60

~0

.•.,

'

~

r

PUBLIC
PA Bfi·

: CA.S£

.B
..500. 6~

1£< :zz zo 9
~

u- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ J '" r;,

JO

JT.
A .EStenson

D.

F en ton
:r2

80

~

?.9

?fJ

-t-o

J9

J8 J '?

,li

r.J. J.

I

B

F ran,/-r:

.l32'ot.<F.z?.5on

..E.
8P.O/)

..i)r.

A

<•o.

·.-o.

·~

,[$

••

Z'

..6.

..,

Z4

2S

$0

.. 9

20

21

30

29

!of

S3

32

3}..

54>

ss

3-i

3.5

s•

~7

3b

S<f

.-~

3 t>

S7

r.L

""
.
••

t.J

J.LI.

...

.J. .

39
t.l

~·

...

of4
~j"·

of3

·~·
.rs ..

~
........__.__.._""'"'"z"YY"~--'---'-....

M

.JV<>.2 .

6'~

oz

.Bescrve

.Bt:servc

s•

...

.Pre.Jcolt.

••o

..l.t"D

00

o~

I

..

,-.r

....

90 <H 92

"1

ll; .___.___.__.__._....__,

r-r--r--r-t:"-1-...,..-,r-r---,-,~

~ ,.
9~

h

~·

97

s~

,...

91

I=

/
~

'

"'

OLD
MISSION
PENINSULA TWP
A .E . Porler

Scale: .3.50/llo!znc.k

Hote L

~
1Y. /f. Her6er/.

EAS'fBAY

I

EASTBJ TW.P
~cate.-i1 ·.knch.

E'rocl!

ff. .R ..Pra t'l

.8..

.L>~o:n.
./}f

Fe.rgu .r.

Sc.hoe>l.
~

W'R.Pratt
P.A ...lJe/'0/
Jlort:: &

Po.rl O#tl't>.

S. OJ!ian.d.

ff. .R. Slone.

13 oJ

L.OT 4-.

.f"rac!Z.

r

JY.J'lcn. e

fY R .J!on.e

12 r: c

/000

S..l)r t'U/.

/a,y H R o6eris

.J f' i\1n. ton
-tr

NTE~LOCHE
_GR.EBNLAKE

f!/ohn
.ii1~ Phea

·rwp·
Fl

ofe:n c-e Wa99 ott.

. 400.J

40. 0

.

't'

~·If
.

·,

J

6

~7

:'

, .. Q

'!,

I

4

II

u

!""0

J'

4-

I

"6

e

"1~6

I
I '

~'t.

4 .3

i?

1 '-~

\..

?

1:::.
I~

.!?

'J

6

--1- ·"' ,, •
I}
~
~

,_,,.

: ';;
"

.
~

~

~

I

/0

,~

«.....

9

';;

IJU '

18

I

7

.3

~

~- 'I /i:r.~,·

/3 ,.•

'"

7

I

i?

I>

"

,:~-/1$

...

,,

7
-1118.111

,/,.... ,

h

/0

'!

13

I

13

a

I

,,tf.?_,

I
I

s

~.ellli
411~~~~3 ~ ~

I
I

9

181. 1?

I
I

a

II

3·

1/

9

,.

iif

'l ~3 '

/0

, 8

D

,.

;

irl

1.!1

""

'-'4-

;a

, .f

II

b

7

:;.,,_
3
.

..

14-

~

8

·J

~?
-&
\

.9

·-·

:~

1$

.

.

,.,• . , 4

I

~

7

'

,,

,..,

I

,.....

I

13

10

I

0

'

I '

J

~· ~4-

8

J'

8

~

?

.9 ,... ~'4

/ 4I

il

j 2s

/C

9

: 7

J:3d

.I

..

n3

a

3

II -

,§'

b

·-· -

~-

7

.ST.
7

II

1-J

10

I'
13

I '

I'
I
I

'

.1~•• ,

?o/.$-f

,:9..i..

. :: t:

.:f

3
4

II

8~.!'-6/
af:~ ..llll

'!f'OURTH

:'

,.

i'ke.r
.lf1~t:l-lt:1

"',.

10

J

-

;;;

/I

I

·-

~

7

• I.Y<r

IZ

.,

" .'
..r. ~~

R

!
.3 ; if!

/liT

I

llff.S9

.
..
:l

,;;;,a, -~ ~

I •

4-

AIT

;:- ~

,:JI.$2 ~

. /Sib.?D

,:7.;;

."

!a~;9,.

I?

~THIRD

.

a

';"

~:
:.~.04"

,if.!I.e
" III

":::

.J. ~ IJ!s..,..e

/!1

4

g ' . .~4

I

.J'

71£';,

~~- -~Z~
..

/4

J

9

4- .

'"' J'" 4" '
8
p .. ._

... ...

[;:>4

a

/1

7

fit>

.90-4Z

I

::s£d'OND

7

10

"

.

10

I

I '

'

~ 17

. I

14-

a

1.$

I

~ FIFTH·

.. ,...._

.

I

II

;:

<

10

::-

.
~
I

.SIXTH
138

7

II
•

7

/0

II
.9

/0

r
I

t.Ut

v

18

I.J 3

t9

~

'

"

a

II
IO

,.u ~4

'""
II:

I

,!;!~3

II
10

~

,.,,"

1.78

'

/ If'

I

3

II

~ i.ra-1

Sf~ ~4

..

..

, .,

/ II

10

9 ~a

s>~· f-'_.,

f

~

'8

7

~

7

.r

...

·.sr.

I

'{'"

Iii'

11 8

/11

.,

II

,ll3

10

'"'"
I
~

u

~3

4-

9

4-

8

$

9

..r

7

~

7

0

1 33

18

I

I .JZ "

Ill

II

ri

$1

II&

/0

8

ST.

~SEVENTH
~

.
:

.
.

IZ

.,

13

I

I&'

II

3

II

a

II

d

IO

.9"--1' .._,4-

9 ' * .4'

J

9

9

/0

.A

9~ r'-4,

8

, .•7
~

.•.

~

7

A

.....

I·

.
•
.

3

io .A 1..:,. 3

:.Q.9

J
h

.

..r

7

6.

,...

t

..
•

/3
II
10

9

A
......

I

/l:

I

/if

/

e

II

3 .

/1

&'

:t

10

~ -

8

..r

7

Q>

,y ·

...7

9-

,. /1

II

3

~

..

7

~ NINTH____ _

J

7

.. -·
18
II
10

9

. .

..r

6'

.;

•. /0

9

J

.7

6

!(,- '

,:

---

./

13

6

..

e..R .

eJ f'II.J_.

10

I.

a

. I/

3

,.

l>~

.

.-7
.,.

t9 i

of

6'

$

7

6

7

~-

- .S T-

..

I

13

I

3

II

a

---

10

A -!Is
'-"' ~4-

"

~ ·~

s>

9

IZ

g

II
10

...

r-~

ST.
II!:

a

9·

A

7 '

~EIGHTH
18

·'-?

-

'

.9

9

J

-8

7

0

'J

-~

.....
~!:.

.9

fl
7

I

~

II

ff

10

1- :.r l
·~

.9
J

~-

f{

~ ~~y
. 4-

"""

~

' :

~~n-;l;o-1 ~
r="'¥-lf-#--t

~

l-"-'=-+----t

lu

1-==+--- i

~

.

~

II
10

3 ·

.9

1

~

~

IZ

s ·

-.,_7

J'

6

"'

tf

I

II

18

-.4-

J

13

/tl

~~

--

:t

/3

I

II

,f

10

~ 'J

9

• • 4-

.f

/.?

I

II

4

IQ ~

.9

'9/1

• ...,4-

8

J'

8

.5

7

"

7

6

~

ST.

.

..

,J

•

60

•

60

z

Wetdn.er

.Es r.

.L
- - --:--

••

I

..

oo
~

•

J

60

2'

'

••

60 60 60

•

J

"

..

60

6<§

...

2

"

..

..

.,

oo

a z

•

'

"<' ·

"'

>

8

. ,f

>

6

8

l

7 . 8

6

- ~

60

3

"

'

6

''

.
d'

e

J

"
• 1'8

~~

"'

.
"
••
0

~

0

.. "..., lJ r1 ~
1'I '"

~-- ..
60
6

7

.

?

e
In

It rP

6

.

,..

_.J

e

"

.z

"'

IJ

•- • •

v

,.

.z

Ill ~ IF

.,.

.z

e

J

"
8

7

•

e .z i

7

8

6

?

8

••

60

60

o.i

•oo

.

..

zeo

~JO

J

It

"'

I.,•

.r

..]

7

6

8

7

8

,..

..

a

3

z

L..,_

I 6'" I'""
7

"' •.., 1...•

•..

J'

60

""

7 .

..

'

6'

7

8

~

"

..

0

...,~

..

<0

•• ..

~

..2:

9.

f.'·~

... "' •
1-.

~

.

"

2. ~

9

.2'0~

t- •

0

B

7

6

oo

..

..

.£, o f. ·

,.

.60

0

60

•.• .

··C'

L . Porter

J.

80

"' "

·~

f-'

8

~

.z

z

A

v

60

60

w.

Fra n k

·

Dean

e

,
• .zvo
•

I '"

8

•

••

cv

6

~cat'e.- &o&f't -Jcn~

z •••

J

J

.zo ~

q,o (10 1 60

r.,..,

d'

.L

1),;'

J

6

,.

2.

9

v

PAIJA..0/.5£~ TWP.

PVy.h:o f f

•

'~

z~

•

'"'

•

--

0

IV

"'

lA
7 •8

5

SUMMIT CITY

- · -,. -

-""~

9

l·P '

•• • "'•• .. .
8

•

1---;-

;r

I'"

G

3

1--- e
· ,y

,. • •
~

.z

8

">

•1 ••

..
.:Z.. :L O

<

--

9

0

• • •

if

a

1----J
J

lu
.6

11-- -:t .:.?

- - - . -., ·- -

zoo

..

BLAOKWOOD
CBAW'H$7:4'T'IOJV

60

' ·,

WILLIAMSBURG

c/ o h.n

•

lJTHITBff'A111

N

'BLAIR
1/§ca/e'

TWP.

dloo ,/t. • .r tnch.

r

H f Hi. i b w.z1cr.ee ·
?i?&cPo

"II
Lot.?. ' .5.5.3.5

!----"'---/1 - - -r------" .

·A C M E
AC.JJ4.FJ ·~ TWP

WA LTON

.Hr • .E.
.Jco/t~/c(.

·1-- - .

@jc;,t'e .- dJ.q.o/f
v./&'nch .
,.

F'U .E LAK..E
:J'JYP
....
--- ~

/9

17

16

...__

.

GA f/.PIE.J;(JJ¥ TWP.

,

~c a /e .· ~o;:yc. -zz':>ch.

..liJ.Htll .

Jo se ph

/8

K/?ATOCHW£J' PLAT

( 26.S ac.)
/

- ..NrJ,

od.7Y.

· .B a Con,
/.9

Frank ff.rato c.livc.i!

1!-JVLAJ?CED PLA T
~·

0/' j<,.-

)\1/{, .., STY.%~/ SEC.4 TL'Z NR./1/Y.
Srn h , S-/f t~ /' " ~"

LAKESIDE RESORT
GREEN L41(E TJYP.
J'ca /~. 'Joa T/. .3.2' .r.izc.h.

I?!J

7.' ftfa y .n.a.rd.

.

· _§>,.
.P.h': l"o l't'a-t:.ne,
.e~J. ~.~

eo. 0 6 .

fE±I'
.

I \n;.N

ffia

"'
::r

·-

:z>W

Co:n:nt >u
.taoo

CREE tV L 'ore:'. {'[4...
i:i'.li'4 Nr
T f f/!.

A.:Zyha a'zzu
.Yf.oo

· NE--AH~TA-~NTA
~®
AN0

.

'®®r.>"'--

.

. Scale:,goort · b'nch.

· ·

e___] •• L-E,'

0

,u

1

<J1 ·

'7

50

0

~ -

&§oo/t: ·~t:nc.h.

' INSEC:S. 88& 33 GREEN LA!(£ TWP
· ·

360

PENINSllLA • .TWP.
r/Jea(e,

8

~==========~u.T
~.~~,v.~~~~or~y~-==~==~~=~=~;-.==.u-~~7199
oc~ 85

,

TRA V.EJ?SE POINT

PENINSULA·
RESORT
·.

·

F. Kroupa..·

·

.:5 "'.59' 0?'

IJ

c

. AVE.~
18 17 16

~~ -

!4

e

87 885940 4~

·-

4Y£'t

li'ffanoz
40

:rf

l. - .R ose

-:;.o

5
0/c:ls

DUCK
LAKE
PARK
CR££N L4!(£ Tf1/P

.Batt

WYLIE

Cll.EEJY LAKE :F!YP.
J'ca(e.3t?O/'i •/ zroc.h
Pen:n.t:fij!i!on ct E't:.YAe:r.
.9.:f.60

'MONROE CENTER ·
GREEN LAI(E &
BLA/R
Scat'e, .3'.::70/'l.'. ~/ z'nch.

l?iJ

TIYPS.
·

W:P

E3

Louts Sands. Co

Lan,9.·

~

198.0-

I

I

L of j

· 6I.05

Reae.roe
a:,

'
.Piaypraunds

FIFE LAKE
TO
•'!.().

0

NSHIP

... ~~

i)t

t"''

· ~ SccWl- 2 inches t.ol MiU,

3ownaltip 2 § !Jtortlt 5lange 9 11ieat of tlte .!lliicltigan %eridian

1Ja.zz i eZ .McCoy

15

.AJ
..Uevel ·
.u;n

. II I! II I H B ! ! II

. : i : i i:l • II • II , I • 11" II•
I

UNION

I I 9
·· o o

!J

o

II 0 n u I .

o o o

TIJ0

o 0 ~

II H 1111

·~

n.

~~~--~--~-§-~--~-~-~---~-~--~-~-T~--~
o~w~-~N~-s~-H~-~
,P~-~-~-~-~-~--~-~-m-~--~-~-~-- ~--~-g-~--~-~~~~-~
.
..,.
...,~

'

u•

'~s~

.2 inches l.Dl Mi:Le .

3ownship 2 6 !Jlorth Slange 9 West of the 9/tiehigan 9/teridian

TTTU

S'art of :JownBhip 2 7 !Jlorth, $lange 9 WeBt and
S'art of :lractional :JownBhip 2'8 !Jlortlt, $lange 9 WeBt of tne·
!!Jlicltigan !!Jleridian

,

MABEL PO.B:ENLARGEDPLAT
OF S~ OF SEXOF SEC 35.

.IJI( TfZJJ1Z!OTlJIJ
.leal<!· ~ ;;. '~~·

1'lfP Jll!
J

mil"'.

·I

.I

~
~

'

~

I

'

•"

m

1\

...

#

~
\l

\/)

lj)
~

~ ~

'\:j ~Ill

~'4

.1& 0

4 80

4o

Co 6b.scc./lfi.l'ch e rZ
2 40

2 0'0
4o

Jo hn H
.Da v zS

40 0

~

4o

C o bb s a:.

30

Ni Zc/2 e /Z
L afaye t'le

D o dds

J a s

C obb

c

_M;:/c

.

~

C ob b s a:Ht: tch ,zz
4 oo

t:)
~

~

27 ·

-

~
80

4-0

N a t!

200

L60

.I

W

~

~

. \.') 'tl
~<>
q~"'

4 00

.6-ao

J80

_/kfa r !f

LG'o

26

80

.lkla.r!l

Na t !

Jo. s Ha IZ

C ob bs &= .ll1dc h e .Zl
L l-

.2ld'ob b

w.

J'20
Q

Eva:

. ft:Fa r y

~-

~.% 0 'A·~!.----

.JVa tZ
80

Ja s .JVa. t l

~

8o

4 4-o

40

\;""

..,0

~:.:::"·iL...--

~0
-"'"'
~
6 ""'

Co bb s &.Md'c/z. etZ

J
Ja. s
.Jfa·Zi

Alco ck
.3;?0

Jas
H a Zl
ill

Ja .s- JVa. !L

~

G. Du;..Eee

ti
1GO

"~

~a ~"

\i-~;

~

~

'

G)~

-~
~IJ)

~- ~ Q

.~ ~
"110 (~;) ' q,"'
~ ~~
T

~ I~

~ \)~ '0 ~~
0

")'<:
~

~
0)
Till~

ill Y Ill

'

I I· I I II I h I . I

. TiiTlf -lfTJI-:TT

2

irunes lo l Mi:le- .

:lownship 2§ :ltorth 5langf!J '/j(g ~es"t and
SJart df :lownship 2 6 :!tor(/).,, .fltlml{fo 1 0 West of the Sltichigan 9lteridian

•
j? N Ez:shoJ?.

~
~
.....

...{ & 0

...

John £JiZZz;."s .

't-.

Ha.zz naizl

.'4 4 0

C o.

&;

Lav

eJo

zo o

ccCo .
.f(bO

6'0

·- ,.

&n.iwhLag& C~}: -" '
.<:~ ·

3&0

_ilf .I} .

.

Wb. de
? & "0

•
~

1

ffe.z2r9

/zr> a?f'

II ~-

I • -

l _ I --c- I

.7&0

.r c-. o

'"
~

Crj
C?40

Ri

~

'1!

\1)

\j

C.12 cus Eo r:recc

llJ
\:)

_.r

c<6 0

W.l:T

~()

~\)~>\::~
~ 1\)
t,-.. ~~ •

Geo

7/uEe<c ·

QJ

1

-

QJ

'\:1

'"Cl~
J~ '\) ·

aoo

•

WEXFO

•

MAYFIELn·
PA.I(APISE 'FWP.
6ff

'

'

®Fca (e.·,.ffOO/! ·1 znch.

i.~.

JL.Gc66 s

WEXFO~D CORNERS

..r5S. 8,3

MAYF/E.l-IJ& OB AATT TWP.5'.
AND WEXFORD

C O.

..

1-<'w...;o;:i
":b':~n.
....('o.hn .Zie:n:n~Tl9tbn.. .

Z?ttoc."i"t"e

I

6

N

· ~ p;
7

:

'

8

.:z;;u: ...,.

6

4(

I

3

2

I ; I

""

1\
I

J0 9

I

H

"l

'<>

1 •

~

~~·

w·,~.:-

ifl;:J;;i§ I • E

~

"za

'

zz

6

7

20

7

~
"

~
~

~

"

3

1--

~

'J"'

~it

"

II

\:)'

c..n urcf;

J

•

..!W'rs . J £ . GL 6 6.s

~

u-

..

· " O.JOlJ:t

:r. 3

a

.@' -~

#

tii
Ill

Rl

'Dl fj

t)~

II

r~~1 i £
"''

l;:l"

CSP«Td'~ ~Ue_
.

.1).

W: Co.n..n. z.".lie.

lj~

I~

§

§~
q
I ~I\ ~!!l
~-

~
C!>rneu. l~

~-

~"'="~ - -~

Ptr.z:n. .

[s~.~ .

0. 8.

I

;~=hra'"y

.A£C

~j
~~~ ·- ~~
!ifflac.>"'"' .''g"
p,;;;_ ~ ~

.LIN

J.

hurst'

ILhxon

~

~

Ct!~ne

.

Q. Q : R .
HT
= .M<C'{un

fgs le.r Connt":n:e

~~a:Oees.

IJli

s

~

-~

C: S. PurcZy

~

.t-:t-

~ ~ .~ I

1:·'10

I)'~

~~

.M"~Ciiz. S tb:c .d:.

c:!u~

-

f-

'

A£ ..lfl Far.so~a:_9e

...Tees. H"'cc:z .n es

-

I

Theo. Cath:trus

•
~,

:LARCH
.

ST.-

~

A'd=n

Lhx.on..

9

~

wt!j-~

.N'e?sq.zc ...Du.nha;r:n .
/J,f;rs. . G urr1. sey

...To.hn E e :n.neci"y.
w
.l2-

za
L_

'

~

""'-l

EAST BAY
TOWNSHIP
•":.()=

i

QC

~~

·-~ ~:~

c::'-'"

.Sccillz, 2 inches l.o/ M-i:U.

~art of downs/zip 2 6 !!Zorth, 5/.anne 1 0 We.~r

~art of :Jraetionol :lownship 2 7 !!Zorth, 5lange 1 C West and

~art of 3ownship 2 7 !!Zorth, Slange

9 West of the 5/lichigan %eridion

CME
State

~~

Lcm. d<>-

Tl/JTP
P:;o sl'

I~ A./2; es I~

t"'i

';f,
~

13

·,

~
I~

t,
~

~

~

~

if]
f/1/.?n.
cZ:c./zeZt'
ao
Franfr

.H z'edle
80

0

~ ~
\j ·

~

"'-1

(:! .

~

H. J. l7Zlnz an .n

25
~,4.0

J'GO

~~
()

~

I~
~

t...
~

Itt:·

:boac/iS

r---"""'...----..::::_::__ __,,......_

~

.=-:;,__--i

Sc.h a.ltl2 ec
3 c.h z:.zPeP
Ci::!.

Pr9
..5lJ8./26

th -~~,,~Jrtl=.o.qgo

I

..?0 ;:t. .3.5

I
~

I

.360

Sta.te
C?o

I

/.90

~

~~

TOWNSHI P

""~ .....--''~·
~

Scali!- 2 inches t..o/ Mile..

SJart oi $ractiona/ 3own&hip&
Slange& 9 and t 0 1/)e&t of the !lllichigan
N

•
·c::

\j .tl)()
1::

~

"
~~

\:)

~~
>

S.P.

.Do.raL .Dean

40

?.~

,tr)

.Hc:r!e

• kj ~ ()

40

. '\) ll:l

.

~ ll.J

F.'.lY.l".

Hate

~

Cnas.

q.co~b.

4o

"~

~~

.S. ..T-I

~~~ 5ayter:>
60
l)~

.Jt..ftc/u.gan
.Lna&·arza.
Lana Co.
::.::= .=:: •
.Re.s.q/

6.Bos.ner>

:zzo
• .3 9.z'fff

cke.r
4-o

w-rn.. .

Jas.
.Set-

..l-u'r>.k

Se!..h:t:.'r./-r80

' 4o

L .

~

\!)

---

-·

1., ll
1;11<1

~c.,

r:: ~~

-1::~ 1)
~ ~'t

•

.~ ~
~

:rcso

• tr:) •

J o.h..rz
.Bayto:a..
80

S e ! .1-ct.r>.h:

•

•
. c::

~ ~ ll·

~

,'() 'll

"

~

.z Go
.36".Z9

.De!!a.

!.rae.
If)

• \3
~
~

~~~~
'-)\'Q

"'

~

.c.;

\} 'R

~ ~ ()

::t::~\'Q

~~

34.40

.34. 64

36. .Z9

QJ•

7

PENINSULA
'"'<5

"'

...:J

<:).!)'

~ S~ 2 inches tol Mi:le..

:lractional :lownships 2 9 and ~ 0 !JZorth,
5lange 1 0 1/Jest and
5Jart of :Jraetiona/ :lownship 28 !JZorth,
5lange 1 0 and 1 1 1/Jest of the
9/iiehigall 9/ieridian

•

'-

N t ~ .:>:.l:f'~

)

&

E

s

•

I

01
01

MAYFIELD

-I A ni iiiiiiii U'
~

0

0

0

Q

0

0

0

I I H II II I II I

0

·{

n,

TOWNSHIP
o<o::~.~JI:

.,,

c::"""

· ~ Sm:l.£ 2 inches i..ol MU,..

I

:Jownahip 2 § !Jtorth Slange 'f t f/Jeat of the 5/lic/zigan %eridian
/

BLAIR

.
TWP

BLAIR
:lownakip 2 6 !Ylortk Slange 11 Weal of the !lllickigan !llleridian

.4097 .4. o.po 4.0.44,

A .J. .

G. P

.•

••
Cherry0_;·~ve­
~~1p;:f~~~~~or-7!L-~~L::;-_.:..·---r
_Fa. .:r.J.n.

.H. C.

C.h.Pc·s J

s c.roA.
zoo

.7JZ.

.l:?zuz./-:1
~ch

.,Aoo.n da1e
Ji"aJ:nL
_..t'C,.O

240

~-Go

25
.16. 0

Geo. L . Gi.66s
•

.aToe
/:i'e.nge.s
1'Eo

0 €2o

Jf7e6e
• 4o

..

Ha;zc
14:>0

Joe
..7?UJz s e1"' •
••

80

GARFIELD
TOW

u;::: ~Q

SHIP
., ,

~l.!> ·

· ~Scab~- 2 inches lol Mi:U.

:TownBhip 2 7 !ltorth Slange 11 West of the 9/lichigan 9/leridian

"\()\

ci

"l

1::'

·t:;

·~

~

~::·~

~ ~~
..."l Ci ~ u'\)
<:s"-<

<!\

~

,

z f?o

1\.1

~

1\
\!)

Geo.·

Zcmrne.r -

.man

Bo

W.JB.

W.rn.C

eo
J7orvey
A ue.ry
ZtSo

zoo

•

•
•

GRANT
'"<>

'

TOWNSHIP
"'·~-$~~"'~ inches

Lol MiLe.

~~ the

3ownahip 2 § !!lorth Slange 1 2 1/Jeai

!llltchigan !llleridian

TWP
~ '?..J~ ~.3 ..9? ~..3.8§

4.3. ?...3

•J .

.3?,1

t::>lfo
/8.3.8~ '------1

JrJ'? c ce
\9

ca...r""

~ C E?..?.
"\

1\

:11)

E'

?TIIt--'~-t--:-:7-L-fH

Co

e 0./vo
J1f.n. Afopl
/Po; •.ni a.
Co.x: 'to,:r ry ••

Bac /.1/ ey&:...Doa.yZa

. f §-3 .&6 '

4 0

.zj cu:n. 6~r

.C p .

..no~c(.

w.

wi7Z.

Co x

40

J::?acKtey

Cox

4-0 .

2?zicArle5' cc~o~zsr~''''r----J-----T----~--~

ec:

..DoagZo.s

ha.7J2 be.r

9 .LIa ..7.Z? be.z

Co

}.---~~~~~~~~~~

Co

Klegec.. .
...Do a..9 Za..s
L a.z2z b e..z~ Co.

4 80

4 8 0

• Zi7 "

J).

f/iiz

U:tr

COTZ2b
.4-0

.40

ffp..?Jzer
z-ssa..rd

'Zeye::..

-Doagta..

& o

17

..
•

Co.

ffi Co./.22 6.
•
..? ~-a b-o

.Z GO

•

K a7"_5/

•

4 0
./l...lJoag/a. G

6'0

Bgcuz

~-~

~~ I

~~~

~->v\J

lj\l.)

~~ ~~
J.P.
ffa.ll

Co o./:1
.1}? ZZI C a ..?2.,

~

l\.J\l

O eo

F.ra...a.K
.HZ:a.. v a.
•• _reo .

80

.Ba.r.r,

L.58. G O
.76 0

•

../6 0

....?GO

g

6'0

11/i" t .s 012.
Be~:·'!'e/L'

Bac.ff7e9'

/c.,O

&

WJ/.
..TJz:Xon..

8<:>0

WEXFORD

+-~=-<'---~

GREEN LAKE
TO

NSHIP

'"<S•u ·· ~""'.
- -~
Scab- 2 inches Lol M ·i:w.
. I
I

t!own&hip 2 6 9lorth Slange 1 2 We&t of the !Jitichigan. !llteridian

..550..55

80

·~
~ ;
«)
(\j

'I

1:; ~
Cl '\~ ~"'
~ Cj

~

\3~
~~

~--. --

tl

Cl

"' "' "'~

~

80

c::

~~

Cj

~
~

~

C) •

It!
1\1

.320

Joh.n.

67

1'1

~iiiiii

LON 0 LAKE

::::n::LLL .
.,

0

0

0

0

·~

B I 9 I I.

TOWNSHIP

:!owns/zip 2 7 !!lorth, Slange 1 2 West of the
9Kiehigan 9/leridian

98

2?.'?8

Lewis
Rud.hardl
/.34. ?o

h. ale
Corbel
1'60

•
N

ct:~
qi

~

t::
.-:::;

. t:h ..

.I:::

~C)
~~C()

;-;::
~~

~

~

It)~

~

8o

160

•

.90 18o
-'///~'-14A•5

~~~

II

·w9 Ha.bler
f:t4<45

~

3

A .F
o .blllle
<T)

Frank

lT7SOTZ. .

So

8o

Prank
Conlrhn .
8o

J"3988

.-----~--~----~

.hzhus
.Dur9et..·
-Bo

Cl

co

0\

I'll

I
A . E G:a:rle
t-::-----1
j4 ~ 7. 80
f9p
I

rzo
Isaac

.

•

Electric Linea are 1hown on map thua: ----~12
JoaephV
s~; ~:~~~~t~~~lu~?rf!~~: ff:~t'D 2
RaUwt.y & Light,
U5
& Traction,
J2
D Detroit, Flint&: Satl!law.
Q 12
Ms Mlclllgau United RaUllfaya,
U . S, Ex. U 14
U.S. Ex. T 8
])8 Detroit United,
E E!canaba,
GS
MHMuskcp:on Traction & Llghtlng-l!lf>
01 Grand Raplda,
R 'l
N Nortllern Michigan Traction, m a
G$ Gram! Rapids, Grand BaTen & .
0 Owosso & Corunna...,_,
n 11
Mu•kegon,
U6
S Saglna~·Bay City na!IWBY &
G6 Graml Haplda, Holland & Chi·
Licht,
.
P 12
co.go,
Sf
81 Saginaw Suburban,
P 12
G1 Orand Rapids & Kalamazoo
88 Soutliern Mlcblgan, U.s. Ex. ·W $
Valley Traction,
T7
T Toledo & :Michigan
V 10
JI Houghton County, '
B 15
T 1 Toledo & Western. 'u.S. EL W 12
J Jaclu~'n .Ann Arbor & Detroit, Tl S
Tz Trans-St. Mary1 Traction,
E 11
Ms Marquette City-& Preaque Iale,DS
T11 Twin City,
1ltt1nti
D 11

~' ;!~t!~· ~lrbor·S~.

Published by GEO. F. CRAM, Chicago, Ill.

..

SC.lU 01" :MIUS

8

"

s u

"'

p

E

R

0

-

~

outh 1-'ox Is!,

'o

p
1

:\fleblgan.

g
1~ ~~~}1~bgrBet~e · Ri''~r.
9J4Arnold & Eagl~ lJil.rbor,

T

p~~:::~i~

A 16
010 Atln nt ic&I..akeSnJ>erior,
Loc.Ex. U 14
10 AnSable ~\':Northwestern,
Am. Ex, K \12
11 Baytlt~:Noquo~
G4
12!4Hlnney &Southe·rn,
_ F 6
1a Ropu, City, Gayl o rd & A lpena,
Ad. Ex. J ' g
14 Ch1cna:o, Kalnntazoo &-Saginaw, AlD. l!:x . T S
1 5 Chi., l\Iilwnukee &St. Paul, U.S. Ex. F 1 - D l 5
16 Cincinnati :Northern
Am, Ex. V 11
22 C hicn.,;o& :Norlhwesier n , Am. Ex. F 3 - E 13
25 C l cve .• C in.,(hi . &St.Louis,
Am . Ex . YG
:.!6 CoJ~l>er Rllni:"c,
U.S. Ex. E 14.
27~llelray Cmmectlng.
U 14
28 Delta Lumber Co.,
(i- 5
29 Detroit&Charlevoix,
Ant . Ex.JU
ao Oetrol t& 1\luckinac,
.-\in, J<.;x . K 1. :-:J
3 0 ~Detrolt& Toledo Shore Li1 1e,
'v 13
31 nnluth, South Shore & AUantict...,V, Ex. J<.; 17
32 Detroit, Toledo &lrontou,
.rae. Ex. U 13
33 J--:nst .Jordan&South e•·n ,
Anl.Ex,J9
:l-i Ern pire & Southcasteo·n,
Alllo.Ex, K 6
!U ].i; ..:rie &l\IiC'hij:flll Ry. & Na Y. Co.,
H 13
:-t;; l!:scannln-.& J.ake SuJ>erior,
U.S. Ex. Fl
36 Grand Jtapitls & Iruliann,
Ad. Ex. P 8
87 Grand Tru nk,
l\'atl. Ex . S 11
38 Harbor SprhlKS,
H D
:iH;iHurou & " ' e11tern,
0 12
()3lJ Hecla&TorchLnke,
All>
3{) Jackl<Oll &Korlhern,
U lJ
40 Kalamazoo, 1.01keShore& Ch i., Am. Ex. U 6
Pt. 40~Kentou & tiougl1t.m,
D 14
041 Keweenaw.Centr al
A 1 ••
41 Lake ~ho re & 1\l i ('hlgau South crn, A.Jn.Ex.V 9
41 ~L ake Cit.y & Northt!a~tern,
M 8
42 Lake Stt)>er·ior& IshJ>enllng,
Arn. Ex. D 2
4 :-J I.tulin ~ton & l'ro"ortheJ"J I,
1U. 5
4 3'hl\Ia.n celona & Northwesteru,
J 8
44.- l'olanl stee & Gr.nutl RaJ>id~,
Atl . Ex , N 6
45 1\Iani!'ltee & L11th e r,
:N 6
46 1\lanist ee & :NorUu.msteru,
Ant. Ex. I. 6
4 7 Manistique,
E 6
4-7%i'llo.n i stique~,l\Iarquette & Northern,,V.J-:x.·F 6
04 8 l'olarqu otte & Sou l h em> tern,
Am . F;x. E 3
48 1\lich lga'n Central,
Am, Ex • .M 11
4U 1\Iason & Oceana;
0 5
60 l'olinn., St. Paul & Sault.Ste. Marie, W • .Ex. F D
56 1\lineral &"lnge & lUohawk,
W, Ex. n 15
f;8 Munising
Am. Ex. E 4
GO Onaway~ No1•th 1\Iichigan ,
I 11
ti:~ Ontomtgon,
D 18
7 6 Pere Marquette,
U.S. Ex. Q 9
80 PontJae, Oxford & Northeru,
Am. Ex. Q 14
90 Port Huron &Southern,
n 16
132 S<htrgcon River & Nestor Lake,
D 1G
140 'Vabash,
Pac. Ex, 11 13
145 'Visconsin Central,
NatL E:~:, D 1.1
148 'Visconsln & Michigan,
Am. Ex. I 2

Q

[

u

\

v

~

MAPOFTHE

---~~!fqJi~ ­
~·£~1)~
Published by GEO, F. CRAM, Chicago, Ill.
SCALE OF MILES
00

200

100

I25 Miles lo One !ncb
"""""
.
'"'eEi' · ~ Grc•~t
]\.'Oaco

G

u

L

F

0

X

I

c

0

300

C~ntries.

J)imensiona of tlt.e 'Earth.

Capitals.

H IIN.

.6Qnatorial Diameter ...... , ................ T.~.•

Eflrth' B Ax\B . . , ..... .. ...................... 7,81111,1
c.rcumt'erence at Equator ................. ll.,8811.1i

Areas of thE! Earth.

Sq. MHea,
. ... 52,158,000
. . ..... 14'7,000,000

r.and Surface .. . . .. . . .. .. . ..
Water Surface. .... . .........

..•. 199,15(;,000

Total. ... . ............ .

Oceans.
Sq. Mllea.
Pactfl.c ..... 71,000,000
AUantlc .... 35,000.000
Indian ...... 28.000;000

Sq. Mile&.

. . 8.500,000
..• ,5-l'KI,OUO

Ant:uctlc ..
Arcuc •.....

Principal Salt Lakes.

0

Lake or Sea. Country. Area, Sq. M.
Elev., Ft,
l)asptauSea .•,...... Asla 180,000
84 ht!loweea
26,300
26 ubo,•e ae.
Sea or Aral ........ Asia

~~~~~~1?bo·.~::.·.so.·!:~ ' ~~:~~
Errc ..... .. .. . Auatralla

4,000

Koko·nor .......... A ala

2,(},10

fi!·l~i~i:::::::~~:.1~a

X~~QiSRJd.:~ikC:N: !~~~

Urumlah...
.Asia
Dead Sea ........... As\a
Ngamt..
.. .. Africa

i~

70

·· ··

~·-~~~~;:rob

970

~:~~ ~:~~

4,000

1,730

1.312 heloweea

445

850

8,700e.bovesee

Principal Freshwater Lakes.
Lake or Sea.

Countrr.

euperlor ................ N. _-\m.
Vlctorla Nyanw...
. . . ... Afl'.
.Michigan.........
..N. Am.
Buron.......... . .
..N. Ar:n.
Timgauylka..
. ... .. A!r.
Ba\knl. . .. . . . . . . .
Asia
GrcatBenr . ... .
Am .
NyMgn,..... . .. .
. ... A!r.
Tchad................ . ... Afr.
Great f:ilave...... .. . N. Am.
'Daugweolo ......... . .. .. .. Afr.
Wlilnlpeg......
. N Am.
Erie
.
. .
N. Am.
Lake of the Woods ..... N . Ar:n.
AlbertNyanza
.. . . Afr.
.Lndoga..... ... . .
. ..... Eur.
Ontario .. : ............ N . Am .
Atbo.baaka ............. N. Am .
Nicaragua .............. N. Am.
Onega ...................... Eur.
Tungtlng ............... Asia
Wenrcr .. ... ............... Eur.
Champlain ............. N. Am.
Dembca .................. . . A fr.
\Vett-er...... . ... .. . ..... Eur.
Managua ... . ......... .. . N. Am.
Balaton, (Platten St!a) ..... Eur.
Geneva, (or Leman) ....... Eur.
Constance, (or BoUen Sea).Eur.
Garda ................. . , .. ,Eur.
Maggiore ..... , ... . ...... .. Eur.
Neufcbatel . .. . ............. fo:ur.
George ... . .. . ........... N . Am.
Cayu~ .................. N. Am.
Lucerne .................... Eur.
Zurich.
. .............. Eur.
liomo.......
. ... Enr.

···::.·.N:

Aren
Elev.
Sq. M'. ft . ahoYe
!:ieaLen•l
32,000
'lij 500

627
s,~

2S,OOO
1:>,000
l-1.000
14,000
12,l•Oll

518
2,750

lll,SOO

400
3,~~

2s:ooo

l1 ,(100

10.200
8,900

7,800
7,650

Algeria ..... .. ... 0. , .. .. . . . . ', A lgiers
Argentina ... . .. ... .... Buenos Ayres
Australia ........... . ... .. Melbourne
Austria-Hungary ..... . ...• , .. Vienna
Belgium . . . . . . . . .
. .. Brussels
Bolivia . . . . . . . . . . , ..... . ..... La Paz .
Brazil
... . ..... . . ... Rio de J ane iro
Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sofia
Canada, Dominion of ... . ...... Ottawa
Chile . . . .. .... ..... . .... . .. Santiago
China ............... .. ... . ..... Pekin
COlombia .... . ....
o...... Bogota
Costa Rica ......
San Jose
Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . Havana
Denmark ................ Copenhagen
East Indies, Dutch .. .. .. .. .... Bavaria
Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quito
~gypt . .. .. . . . . .. .. .. . . . . .
Cai~o
1• ranee ..... , . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . Pans
Germany ........ . .... .. ...... Berlin
Great Britain ................ London
Greece • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Athens
GuatemaiJ . .... . ..... New Gllatemala
Haiti ... .. ............ Por:t au Prince
0

0

••

•

•

••••••••

Area,
Square Miles.
184.474
1,3I9,247
2,946.691
240,942
11,373
567,430
J,z68,8oo
38,o8o
3,653,946
290,829
4,218,40 I
504,773
23,000
44,000
15,289
736,400
120,000
400,000
204,210
210,273
120,979
25,152
63,397
10,204

Population.
4,429,42!
3,954.911
3,756,Sg4
42,359,204
6,669,732
2,019,549
14,333,915
3,310,7I3
4.833,239
2,712,145
402,680,000
3;878,6oo
309,683

I,572,797
2,185.335
34.090,000
I,27I,86I
9.734.405
38,5I7,975
56,345,014
4I,454,578
2,433,8o6
1,535,632

9()o,ooo.

Commerce
with the
Unit'd States

$

8II,OOO

17,322,000
27,670,000
l4.4I3,000
57.549,000
27,000
II,OJS,OOO

124,164,000
7.474,000
39.421 ,000
8,448,000
~ 4,832,(X)()
54,481 ,000
19,125,00:
33,961,000
2,278,ooo
9,109,000
140,512,000
250.r)85,000
65 .. :8o,ooo
1,229,000
3,04T,OOO
3,220,000

Na~i.OJ.1,3.~ ~~t._s. /

£xpenditure.- -

,.,.
ll'lll<

~\\1\.

Per
CSapita.

$ 2.3s

' $' ..;.;;;;;;;;;,%.;,
I , I I,0,~6.5,~

2,82r ,;oP~.§.l§.lP

sv6,ES3£!l!!i>
4,I5~.­

S66,409~~

5o,6 r12,ow
7.2,0.17,-f)f)Q

I2I ,6j@,~
200,009~~

t.8,-J6.I1 ~

II,I2$,!-m

J4I,7-2Q,~

s6,287.ow
12,,S00,-0.9Q
481 ,359.01'0

s,Bzg,742,099
2,573.58_t;,OO§
3.090.46;.009
I 57 ,,5 J,-999
I6,7J4,9<J!>
2,1,756,0:99

l'f.So
3"2. 16
15"-32
'4-76
I .og
3-36
4 -94
8.41
10.59
·30
I. 14
13.03
6.39
8.73
' -57
2.52
5.8o
I7.83
6.95
r 3. 12
4-27
2.63

1-7'

Total.
$I4, 160,000
s8,534,ooo
I 5 I ,298,000
644,688.000
99.549,000
2,432,000
6o,854.ooo
r6,356,ooo
41,026,000
32,020,000
72,998,000
5,052,000
3.599,000
8,950,000
20,437,000
58.3t1,ooo
2,697,000

so,686,ooo
685 ,888.000
369.307,000
526,313,000
II ,354,000
4,126.ooo
~.043 .000

Per
Capita.

$

3-I~

14.&
3!.56
15-59
IS. II

!.20
4-25
'4·94
8.15
10.50
.IO
1.26
12.20
5-42
9-35
!.78
2.1 2
5.21
17.81
7-00
13 .09

4·66

2.6g

q_38

Capitals.

Countries.

Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seoul
Liberia . ........ , .... . •... . Monrovia
Mexico ....... . .. • o. . . . . . . . . . Mexico
Montenegro .................. Cetinje
Morocco ...... .. .. . .... : . . M a rocco
Netherlands .............. The Hague
Nicaragua ....... , .......... Managua
Norway ............
Christiania
Paraguay ......••.. • .
Asuncion
Persia . . .......... . •......... Teheran
Peru .......... .. . o ... .. ......... Lin1a
.... o • • • • • • • • • • • • Lisbon
Portugal
Roumania ...... . .. . ........ Bucharest
Russia . . .
. ........ St. Petersburg
Salvador
.. ..
San Salvador
Santo D<.. mingo . . .... Santo Domingo
Servia ...... : ..... .. .. .. .... Belgrade
Siam . . .
. .... Bangkok
1Spain
.. .. .. .. .
Madrid
Straits Settlements ........ Singapore
Sweden . . . . ........... - ~ Stockholm
Switzerland ·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Berne
Turkey . . . . . . . . .
Constantinople
Unitf:d States ............ Washington
0

Area,

Squar.e Mike..

c:M:fiu-m·evte~

w.i"rtll

t•li e~

lllhiilii!S'fufes·
rug~;ooo)

6r,o,16,ooo

JllJ,000)

42,941,000

7.0I
1.29

4-55
.83
r.84

3,956,ooo
3,go8,ooo
4.451,000
61,654,000
40,I08,ooo
717,346,ooo
2,181,000

See
23,798,ooo
622,895,000
249,305,000
3,857,156,ooo
37005,000

123-34
42.g8
35-29
46·77

72,075,000

31.13

12.4JO,OOO

1,742,857,000

99-22

8,731 ,000
164.007.000
2.365.000

llf.t.l,!%'}.tC:)"Q())

1~ 5.668.ooo

:nt5lse'5)0()0)

16.428.ooo
726,01T .OOO
2,151.146.1 .10

I7 .92
5-33
32.22
27 . 72

~ 4t9'3)000"l

8\l!BB\ooel
If4'-5~0"00l

~414/fi':l\000)
n.;nl18}eoo~

7.2'5W,000)

065

T

183
""

152

115
1!0

1:430

'"

Miles.
4,\21\

S,50l
3.210

'·""

3,084
2.<00

~:::

2.800

2,SOO
2,800
2.200

~:~~

Uruguav... ........ .. . . . . . . . .
.
i'cuador .... ...... , .. .. •• • ... .. . .. .

7-65

6.01

3.68
7.28

"5:36
1.75
10.05

4 · I8

7-77
5-94
3.8s

6.26.

""
""
"

'"

2,000
1,000
I.SU<l

1,800
1,800

0 . . . . ,, ••

1,7M
1,750
l,'iS2
1 1'i00

1,500

1,500
1,400
l,S50
1.200
1,200
1.200
1,120
l ,JW
1,100
1,100
1,1100
1,()00

Total
1,928
RECAPITULATION:
Atrlca .. . .......... . .
u.2a
Asia ............ .
Auatralasla .. . . . . . .. . . .. • • . . . .......... . 14 490
Europe
... . .. . 1!17,510
North America ..•...... o •• o·
. . 220,9"...4
South America ....... . ....... , . , .......... 2~,B2lJ
!Vest Indies .. . , . , ............ , ... , .. . . . 1,928

"·"'

1,000
1,000
l,OC.O
960

950
8~0

850

7H
650

Grand Total ........... ..

645
550

Telegraphs of the World.

"'
'"
'"
"'
'"
256

Cowp~rative

Unite1l States............. ..... ..... 210,000
Russin ..... . .............. . ................. 90.388
l:lcrmany.....
. ........ . ..... 85,:!43
Frauce.......... . .........
. .... 62,952

i~:~~~,~~a-iJungary· ::::.. .. .

Great Brtta.ln ......... ,... . ...... .... . ..
MeJJ:ICo ............... . ......... .... .. ....
Dominion ot Canada ............ ,
Argentina. .. .. . ............
0 ,.

Italy.......... . :...... . ........ .. ..

Turkey .................... , . , , .

~~~~~SOUiilWRieB· ::·.....

. T"lloM~~lSl..

'"'- ·1.,,_ • • SQu\!l.t" \1'-{U!T.}

~!:~g

13.r.fl0

'"
"'

New Zealand. .. .. . . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. .
Bulgaria ....................... . ............
VIctoria .. . . .. .. . . .. . . . .. . .. .. . ... . . .. .. . ..
Western Austraua .... .... .. .. .. . ..
South Australia................ o .. • • • • • • • • . .
Algerls ... .. .. ... ...... ........ . ...... . . .. ...
Portugal ............... , . . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . .. ..
Greece ... . . .. . .. . . .
... . . ... ... . ....
Swtuerlaud ..... . ........... o . . . • .. . . . . .. .. •
Urugnay . .... . ... . .. .. . . ......... .. ..........
.Rumania ................ o . . . . . . . . . . . , , . . . . .. •
Persln ............... .. . ... . . .. . .............
Bolivia . .. . . .. . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. . . .. . ... .. .. ..
Chlna .......................... .. . ...........
Bclglum. ..... ... . . .. .. . . . .. .. .... . .... . .. . ..
Venezuela.................... . ..............
Netherlands ................. , ....... ,.......
Denmark . ..... . ............. ,
Guatemala.... . ......... . .... .. ......
lionduraa .... . ..
. . ... .. . .......... ... ..
Sen• Ia . . ... . ............... , . , . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .
Cuba ...................... .. o....... ... .. ..
Cochln China.... . ....................... , ,
Va.al River Colo ... J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Egypt . . .. .. . .. .. . . . . ....... ..... .. ...... ....
Tunis ................ . ..... ... .... .. ..... .. ..
Peru ................... .. ...... .. ..... .. ... .
Tu~manla. : .... ....... : ... ........ . ... .. ....
Sal\'a1lor .. . ............. . ........... ,.... ....
Slam , , . • . .. .. . .. ...... .. .................. ,
Certon . .... . .. . ... . .. .. ... .. .... .. ..
SnlVRtlor . .. .. . .. . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. . .. .. .
Do~ Ilia and Hcrzego\'lna ........ . o...... .. ..
Orange Rlvcr Colony . .. . ... ......... .. ......
Newfoundland...................... ........ .
Nlco.ragua .................. , .. ... ... ... . ....
Ecuador ....... . .. . ............ . ........ ... . ,

)~:;~~~~:.~~:. ~~l~~ ::::::::::: ::::::::::

24 560

1.700

10.148

0 ,.. .. ...

25,112

1,656

2l.SOO

g~~~~U~s~~ndies:~: :::: :::: ::: :~~:::: :::::: ~:~~

89.546

:! WI)

28,698

.. .. .. ...... ~~;~i

Bruzll . . • • . . . • • • • • • • • • • • . . • • • .

26,768

2 !JIJ

43,1!113
41,532

S2,5S8
25,:141i

Qucen~laud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.V88
Cbllc ....... ........ .. . , .
9,968
Sweden . . . ..
. .. .. . . . ... . . .
8,719
z..~ orway ....
. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .... ... .. ... 8.665
Culombla ...... , . . .. . .. .. . . .. .. .... .. .. ... ... 8,600

44,520

lS,Ui!i

~g:r~

Jnpall,, ......... . ........ . ........ , ,. . .. . .... 12,922

.110,640

4.616

MHes of Telegraphs in

Operation in all CountrJeso

<80

10.4S2
9.746
8.482
5.265

"'

Total.
. ........... , .. , 25,820
WEST I NDIES:
CUbiL
............ . 1,188
Jamaica, I3arbndos, 'frluldad, Marllnlque,
Porto Rico, etc.
618
Santo Domingo . . ........................ ,,
177

1.600
1,5!W

"'
'""
Navies of the World. "'

Mexleo ...... .

567,240,852

4-62

12,410,000
8,731,000
176,954,000
2,139,000
54.467,000
18,319.000
86,704,000
487,713,792

Total . . ................ ... , •.. , ...... l.I,2I4
ASIA:
At!la. ,\llnor nnd Syria... .. ...... . ......... . 1,5511
British India .............................. 21 ;r.s
Ceylon . . . . . .. . . . . . .. , . .. , . . . .
297
China .. .. .. . .
. ............... , . . . .... .
401
Cochtn Cl1lna., roudlchcrry, .Malacca and
Tonk!ng . .. ......... ..
Dutch East Indies .... , .
1,29S
Japan ........... .
?,9411
Malay Archipelago ..
Pcrsm .. . .. . ...... .
Portuguese lndla ..
:Sussla In Asia
1,5611
Siam .... .
167
Siberia . . .................. ,
2,578

Total ................. , .............. 220,92-t
SOUTH AMERICA:
Argeut.tna .......... .
9,822
Bolivia. . . .. . .............................. .
821
Brazil ..... .
............................ 8,718
British Guiana ........ . .................. .
n
Chile ................................... .
2,662
Colombia ......................... . .... .
Ecundor .. . .. .
Paraguay ... . ....... . . .... , ...
157
Peru..... .
. . ...... . . o . . . . . . . . . . .
l,OS5
Uruguay .......... .. ....... ,.
1,118
Venezuelu
638

2,500
2,400

0

Italy ...... . .............. ...... .
Turkey ...................... ..
Japan .. . . ............ ... ......... .
Austria-Hungary .......... .. ... .
Netherlands, ..... .
Spa!n ........... .
Argentlnll.. ......... . .. . .. o . . .
Portugal ...... .
sweden.
Greece . .. .
Norway ... .
Slam .. ..
DenmRrk.
Roumanla

18.547.000

82.gor.ooo

5.36
I. 75
9-34

~L71

2,085

Mauritius, Reunion, Kougo, Senegal and
other States ....... . ................. , , . . 2,011
Natal.... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . . .....
459
OrangP. River Colony .... ,.. . .. .
BS2
Vaal River Colony....... .. .. . .. .. .. . . .. .. .
174

Total
. , ........ .. . .. ............. 167,510
NORTH AMERICA:
Canada, Dominion ot .... ... . , , .... , ...... , 16,861'
Central America .................. , .. , . , , ,
646
Mexico
. , , . .. .. . . . . .. . . .. . ... .. . .. . 8,498
Newfoundland .. ,., ...... , ... , , , .. . . .. . . .
592
Unltetl States.....
. ............... 194,821

Ungf

Armies of the World. "'

0

ooo

7-45
6 . 12
2.37

-43

1.70
I2.2l
6.92
6.6o

Egypt . . .. . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . .

1,8S2

RUSI!ia ......... .
.. .. SSS,146
Germany ... .
. . .. 691,870
.F rance,, . ........ .
.. ........ 5i9,8'i0
· Auat rla·Hungnry.
.265.608
Great Brltnin . . . .
• •.. 254,491
India ....... . .. .
. . 214,216
Italy ... ..
.. 211,906
TurK:ey .. ........ ..
211.500
Swltzerlann ...... .
l b9.710
Netherlands ..... .
. . .. 116.748
Abyssinia .... .
100,000
Clllna .............. .
.. ... . 100,000
Jap:~ n .............. ..
87.874
Spalu ........... ... .
86,110
Portugal ..... .
8-l,to72
United States
6S,221
Servia ...... .
66.050
Belgium . ... .
57,122
Afghanistan ..
44.000
Roumnnia ................ . . .
•• 40.84(!
Denmark.
...
. ... .
40,59:
Sweden and Nor11a) ...... .
89,750
Bulgaria ............... .
85.400
Brazil .••. . ........ . ....... . . . . . .. .. • • . .. • 25,028
Ne pal ........... .
25.000
Persia, .. -.... ,
24,MIO
Mexico •• _.... .
21,981
Chlle .•.............. . . ... . . . . . . .. . • . . . . . . 21,515
Argenuna . . .. .
19,750
Greece .... . ........... .
. ..... . ...... 1!1.700
Costa Rica ......... ..
12,600
Morocco ........... .
~0,41 • 0
Vcnezuelfl ........... .
1::1,290
Haltl . . ........... . ... .
7.188
Guatemala ................ .. . .. ... ,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
~:~
Slam .......... .. .... . .. .
5,000
Korea. ............ . .. . .
•.WO
Snlvsdor ... . ......... .
~-~'C1:1
Urugnay ........... .
J.504
Ecua~lor . ..... .
8,841
Peru ................ . ... .. .. . . . . .
3,075
Bolh1a ........ ..
2.0UO
Nicaragua •. .. ..
2.1100
Pa rnguay ... .. , ...... .
1,582
Colombia ............. . . .. . . ... . ..... .
1000
San Marlnu . ....... .. .
Montenegro ..... , .... ..
Llll.cmburg . .... , .... .

g~~~~ ltatea·. :::: ·.: ·:.:·:.: ~::::.

5:~ 66~

II -34

6.59

COUNTRIES.
MILE!\
AFRICA:
Algeria and Tunis ......... , .. ,, . ... .
!,704
Cape Colony.......... .. .. . .. .. . . .. . . . .. . . . 2,3St

"

430

Great Britain .. ..
.. .......... .
France ........... .... ......... .
Russia . .. .... . ....... .. ...... ..

g.o8

I,826,c.oo

Railroads of the World.

38,289
Total .•••.....•••.. •.. .
AUSTRALASIA ........ .
U,49{
EUHOPE:
Austrla-B.ungary, . . .. . .
21,W.
Belgium .......................... ,
8 781
Denmark......................... . .
1,61(
France , ... , ......................... . , ... 25,89f.
Germa.nj.....
.. . ......... . ........ , 80,771
Great Britain ............. .. ............. 21,52'
Greece ....... .. .
591
Italy .................. ..
. .. .... .. .. .. 9,75S
Malta, Jersey nnd Man.
Netherlands nn<l Luxemburg,
1,965
llorway ..... .. .. . ......... ..
1,280
Portugal . ....... ... ........ . .... .
1,467
ri.umunta ............ .
1,8%
Rus~l!~oln Europe ... .
. . 26,4h\
St!rvia ................ .
3~4
/:ij)Sin ..•..............
!!,10~
Sweden .......... .
6,8511
Switzerland ............ .
2,SOC
Turkey In Europe, DuJgarla and Eastern
Roumelia
...... , , , , , , , , ... , , , ..... , , , 1,595

250
240

Ttgrls ................... . Tur. ln Asia
Murray .... . ...... . . ......... Austro.lla
Ornuge, or Garlep ....... S. ,V, Africa
Senegal.. . . . .
,V, Africa
Ural. or Jalb: .
. .. ... Hus. In Eur.
GambilL.... . .
. ,V, Africa
Hblne . . . . .. . . . . . . . . ..
. . Germany
Ohlo ............... . .. .. .... . ..... u.s.
Churclllll, or Mississippi ....... Canada
. . Col.
Mngda,ena..
Paraull.hlhu ...................... l.lraz\1
Fraser ..... .. ... .. .
..Canada
Loire............. .. ..
. . .. .. France
Elbe...... . ..........
. . . Germo.ny
Odcr.......... .... . .
. ... Germany
Rhone . ..............
. . .. .. . France
Tagus .... .......... . ...... . .. Portugal
Vlstnla ....... . . . . . .......... Germany
Seine ...... .. .. ,....
. .France
SU!Iquehana.......
.. .... U.S.
Potomac.... .. .. ..
.. .. U. S.
Garonne...... ..
. .. :Fraut~e

Sweden

2,727,000
7,500,000
4,825.000
57,254,000
43.202,000
66s ,6r9,ooo
I,9Q9,000

11,588.ooo

840

€~~~~~~·::::::::::::::::: : ·.RU~~~~t~~~~

!2. I§'
4·35

11.68
5 -29

2,S40
2,120
1,500
l,.:IGO

Names.
Countries.
. . ... .. U. S.
Mississippi-Missouri.
Nne.. .. ...........
. .. Egypt
Amazon-Maranon
.. Brazil
V.angtze-Klang....
. ... . ... China
Rongo. .......
..Ccu. Africa
Ob. . .. ..
Bus. In Asia
Hoaugho . .
. ........ Chluo.
L<ma . ........ .
. Hus. In Ash\
Niger......
..W. Afrtca
Yenesei. ... . . . .
. . . .. Hus. In Asia
Plata-Parana..
. .. Arg. &. Bra.
Mackenzie . .. .
. ...... Cnnada
Amur. ... ...
. .. Rus.iu Asia
Volga........
Hus.ln Eur,
St. L>\wreucc
.. . .. U. S. & Can,
Yu kon..
. ... Alaska
Arkansas............
. ..... U.S.
?.ambest... . . .. .. . . .. .
. . E. Africa
IndtlB....... . ..... . .. , .. ... . . . . . India
Brallmaputra·Sanpu ............ India
HloGrunde <icl Norte. U.S. &Mex.
Dnuube ......... . . , ........ Aus.-llun.
Mekong. . .. . . . .. Indo China
Saskatchewan-Nelson ...... . . Canada
Euphrates . ........ . . , .. . Tur. In As!a
Orinoco ...... ... .......... Col. & Vcn.
Colorado-..... .. .................. U . S.
Gauges... , .... , .. .
..India
Amu.... . .. . . .. . .. .. ....... Turkestan
Sun Francisco.........
. ..... Brazil
Sir-Darla ............ . ..... Turkestan·
Irnwaddy......
. .. ....... India
Columbia.. .....
.. .. ., .. .. U . S.
Dnieper . .. , . . .
. .. . Rus. Jn Eur.
Para, or Tocantins ............. . Brazll

·30

58.447.000
2,222,000

••••••

Per

Capita.

J.2J3.000

94-03
7-14

J,OOO,JOO

7,100

Longe10t Rivers.

·30

47o.sz8,ooo

6,900

70
66

J,224.000

Total.

~81,<j\G'00)
3)0Wlf,G0o)

7,500

"'"

Capita.
2 . 2.\

1,570

0

Total.

28,205,000

1,150

4,600

Per

6.62

1t~

g~

Expenciitllr~o-- •

Revenue.- -

83,500,000

••••••

0

National Debtso- Per
Total.
Capita.

:E

A.

6.736

6,7211
6,599
5.881!

5,874

5.608

4.584
i,:>69
4.4S5
4.SSO
4.290
4,l~u

4,12-1
4.000
8.960

8,882
3.671
8,5&4

3.120
2,~30

2,526
2.Stl0
2,276
2250

2.105
2 060

l.9S~

1,927
1.850
1.820
1,727
1,724

U:i80

1,480

1,314
1,2·15
1 ,24)'

~~-.

~~ ...,
""'7

Costa Rica...................................
Ang,Ju........................... . ..........
Phlllpplne Islands,,,,, ....... . · o·• . • . . ......
1'rinidntl ............ , ........ .. .... , ... .... ..
Luxemburg ....... , .. . . .. .. . . . .. .. . .... .. . .
Eienegal...... . . .. . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . . .. .. . . .
' British Guiana .. . . . . . .. .... ...... ...........

720
690
5!14
574

Sun to Domingo ....... ooo.. .... .. ·o..... ....

4SO

~g~~ocJ£~~ :::: :·. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
~r1~rtisn~~~?.'. ·.: :·. ·.::·. ·.:::·.::::·.: :: :::·.: ::·.:::

Pnragnay . .. . . ... . .. . . . .. . . .......... .... •. • .
ll9.wall ............................... . , ... ,

Cyprus ................ 0...................
l.!okhara.... . . . .. . ... . .. . . ... . .. ... . .. .. ....
l'lfa<lugascar.
.. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . • .. .. .. .... ..
~anrl!hlS ... . .......................... o . . . .

659

~i&

:1
SGO
250

240

186

1"10

~~

M

f\DVERTISING SEGTION
Turnbull & Cook

Surety on Bonds
THOSE who are required to gh·e
Bonds in positions of trust, an d
who desire to aYoid asking friends to
become their sureties, or who may
wish to relieve friends from furth er
obligations as bondsmen, should ap·
ply in person or by Jetter to

Livery, Sale and Feed Stable

West State St., Opposite City Market

Jlmnican Sur¢ty £o. of n¢w York

Citizens Phone 309, Bell 264

CA PIT:\ L, $2,.500,000
RE.'QUE.ST

P¢nnsyl~ania

I

£asualtv £oml)anV' s
HEALTH AND ACCIDENT
INSURANCE POLICIES
Pays for Eight Month~ Illness and
Twenty· four Months Acc1dent. Costs
$1.00 per :Month, or Less than Four
Cents per Day. No R ed Tape about
Claims. All are Adjusted [,nd Paid
by Our District Manager.

E. M. SGOF IELD
329 SOUTH UNION SfREET

TRAVERSE CITY,

:

MICHIGAN

\V:o.-r.· LOU DO::"', President.
CHAS. Wrr.HEJ.M, Vice-President.
A. V. FRlEDlUCH, Secretary.
S . GAfU.Al\D, Tre!lsurer.

Boardman River Electric
Light and Power
Company
TRAVERSE CITY, MICH.

TRAVERSE CITY,

MICH.

TRAVERSE CITY MICH.
FRUIT FARMS. TI~Jl3Ert LANDS.
INV ESTMENTS,
CITY PHOPElt'l'Y

RE1\TS

BAY F'ROi\"fS,

COLLECTED

FA!1MS,

ltF.SOltT SITES. MAl\UFAC·

TORIES, REAl. ESTATB LOANS

REFERENCF.•: Fir~t Natlu•·a l Bank,
Traver s City Stale Ba•~k, Pt"oples Savil gs
Ba~:k

TRAVERSE CITY
MILLING CO.
--~·I'Al\UFAC'J'URERS

OF- -

HARD AND SOFT

COAL

Sash and Doors and B'uilders'
Findings
All kinds of Fanning Tools in car lots
F irst class Harness Shop in connectio n

KINGSLEY,

<@;Eftw
'9

~t~mfe ~(t,tJ?ll~
OFFICERS:
A. Tracy Lay , l'residen t.
R. FloYd C!i11Ch . Vice l're>.ident.
Samud Grrland, Cashier.
A . J. Ila\'iland, Ass ' t Cashier.
A. J . · i'vlay nanl. Ass't Cashier.
OlkECTORS:
A. Tracy Lay
Samu el C<:rland
R. Floyd Clinch
Elsie R Hannah
H. C. Da\'is
Jerry Sulli\·an
w. vV . Smith
GENERAL COMlVI ERCTAL AND
SAVINGS BCSlNRSS

II

Trave1·se City,

-

Michigan

W. L.: GREGORY, Prop.

All Modern Improvements
Steam Heat and Baths
Located on Banks of the
Beautiful r'ife Lake in
Best Resort Region in
Northern Mit:higan

J. 0. Packard. Sec.

~UCHI6AN

FIFE LAKE,

A. B. CURTIS
Real Estate .lJo.ttght
Sold and ..h.~.:"Cchalll(ed
Dixie · Germania; :Firemens; . 0 hi o
Germ~n; Guardian; Delaw_ar e; Vv'illiamsburg City; Pennsylvama Casualty
Co. ; Germa n ; )<orth River; Agricul tural· Queen Cit,· ; National Union;
Nortinvestern National; Glens Falls ;
Citizens; Fidelity.
Justice of th e Peace, Notary Public,
F ire Insurance-Prompt Service,
Liberal Treatment.
Citizens Phone 732
BeJI Phone 126

TRAVERSE CITY, MICH.

Santo
R.
John
GENERAL INSURANCE

W. W. Brower
.---

NERS, DOWEL AND MINE
RIAGES, WAGONS AND

I

SLEIGHS.
Bell Phone 83.

, -·····-~1.-R-AVE-;;S··E·-Cl:I:·y·
WH,riJ.U,:I-1

<'-

BJ.OCK

MICHIGAN

FIFE LAKE,

MICHIGAN

- - - - - - ---- - - -Hiram L . LaBar, President
james S. Hodges. Vice Pres. .
J4eroy L. Maxam, Cash1er

THE
CITIZENS' ·
BANK

( \JK INCORl'ORA'rED)
RESPO)<SIB~LITY $100,000.00

ami Na

lonal,l<:dlnbttrl{ll;
Nation al, Ha rtf•>r •;
Phcenlx llaf'tfor<1 ; P •Ia tine, l~ng l a nrt;
\Vest,..lu~..:tPr, 'l . Y; P fl 00 '11X. ~ng-lan<.l;
United nremnn's; l' h1ladell•hla.

Glassware, FLIT'hiture, Undertaking, Musical Instruments,
Photograph Supplies and
Jewelry.

J..on g Distance

TRAVERSE CITY, MICH.

Calu met'llllnols; Star, Louisville; l'lllla·
(lelph la t Jnderwrlten; t'J • U•ans ~-unci,
Cal.; x orth Jlrltlsh anrt )Jercantlle, En!!.;
!nsurall<'!' - CO. of ~nrih Ame•·Ica, Pa ;
Am~>rlca;

GROCERIES
PROVISIONS
CROCKERY

LADDER ROUNDS, CAR-

Aachen and Munich, Ger; Atlas, l!:ng.;
Western Toronto; l£qul!able, 1?. and )J.;

Brltl~h

OF - - - :

ROCK ELM SLEIGH RUN-

Ci~iz~~~7e\v York u7tl~;~·;
~la:lara, ~ . Y.; l'rovhsence Nashington;
oo.ume-rl'lal u u 1on; Royal, l~ nglanct;

scottish U nlnn

~·IAXUFAC'f t;RER

HOARD OF MA~ACJ •;RS
James S. Hodges
Hiram L. La Bar
Gil es E . Hodges Leroy J,. :VIaxam
Samuel F. liodges
FIFE LAKE,
• •
MICHIGAN

GERMAINE BROTHERS

PARK PLACE LIVERY
I 111 porters

of Fancy
Drh·ers
and
Draft
Horses

CITY
HACK
LINE

OPEN

DAY
AND
NIGHT

TELEPHONE No. 79

TRAVERSE CITY,

MICH.

L. H. DeZoete,

W. E. \\'illiams>:Preshlent

A. W. Rickerd · E. H. ALLYN WM. HOOLIHAN CO.
Howard=Packard
·········-····· - - ---···········
J:and £ompany W•· E. Williams Co.
Carriages, Wagons, ImMONUMENTS
-··-··-··
·-··-···
··-··--VAImproved
Farms, Unimproved
Sec 'y-Treas.

DEALER JN HIGH GR'ADH

Lands, Timber Lands, Business
Propositions and C1ty Property

HEADQUAR'l'J>HS
Rooms 19-28 Weuber-:'11c:VIullen Blk.

MA::"'UFACl'UR.Jl:I.{S OF

~

:\Iaple Flooring
g Plain Oak Flooring
~ Beech Flooring, Dark and \Vllite
~ Beech Flooring, AU. RED
~

CADILLAC, MICH.
Branch Offices: I~ake City. :.viich.,
:'1-IcRain, :\'I ich., Tustin, l\Iich., :'11anton, Mich., Kalkaska, Mich.
Citizen·~ Phone ~o. 340

Farming Implements
Buggies, Wagons. Harness
Guns, FisbinJ.: Tackle
Lime, Brick, Cement
Paints, Oils. Varnish
Windows and Doors
Pianos, Organs
Sewing Machines

I

Ornamental
Loek·Joint
Flooring

l\Iaple
~ Maple
:r~ Beech
1;\ :\1aple

I

'---------"

Flooring
Flooring
Flco ·ing
Flooring

FIFE LAKE, MICHIGAN
ESTABUSHED 1883

-

QyaJ

Tt-tE-

Wood Dish Co.

H. S. Hull, President
J . M. Longn ecker, Sec. & Treas.
A. L. Flack, Gen'l Agent
W . C. Hull, V-Prest. & Gen'l Mgr.
F. :VI. Longnecker,
Asst . Sec. & Mgr. Sales
Ril ey Sweers, Sales Agent
OFFICI•: 1\::-iD FAC'I'ORY
TRAVERSE CITY, MICH., U.S. A.
A.

S. HOHAR'l'

R. R.

A. V,

HOllAWJ'

HOBARl'

Largest Stock in Northern Michigan
Established 1881
"THE Ol-D R E LIABLE "

City Book Store
Wholt>sale and Retail Dealers
THE HOBAR'l'CO., Props.
Books, Stationery, Wall Paper, Curtains, School Supplies, Crockery,
Fine China, Lamps, Sporting
Goods, Picture Frames
S'l'ORJ£S

A

'1'

TRAVERSE C!TY, MICH.
AND GRAND RAPIDS, MICH .

MARKERS & HEADSTONES
CUT STONE FURNISHED
TO ORDER--P)<I·\l.ii.\11\TIC
TOO J,S AND LA TEST
IMPROVED lVI.ACill)<ERY

OFFTC:C: AND WORKS 3.21 BAY STREE~'
CITIZENS PHO~ J•; NO 660

CORRESPO~DE~CE
Cr'l'IZ&~l\S

SOLICITED
1'1·10::-iE 526

Travene City,

William H. Eckler

Farmers Supply
Company
...- ..... - - -··-l\fAKACER
· ·---·-·
L. 0 . RICB,
----·····--...._.... .... .......- ..... Wholesale and R etail Dealers In

Fire Insurance
anct Real Estate
Money to Loari on Farm
Prope1·ty-Rents Collected
Office O\'er the American Expr ess
Co.'s Office. :::-<o. 1-1-3 East Front St.

TRAVERSE CITY, MICHIGAN
I l\Ieel .-\11 g,·en ing

F~yers

at Walton

First Class Turnouts for All Purposes

Tmve1·se City, Michigan

~·---

...,__

......,._

_

Jl/fcrcl!illery, Im ple me?ds,
Bll!r«ies,
Ilar1less, and
Db
} tarm ers' Sl!pplies of All
/(i11ds.
128 Front St.

Citizens Phone 751

TRAVERSE CITY,

~: ~

MICH.

Implements, Farm Machinery,
Carriages, Robes, Whips, Blankets. Fur Coats, Gasoline Engines and 0 u r own .Make
Harness. -"''"'''''''
Om :.\Iotlo: Qa<Il ity aJJd a Sq uare Deal
127-135 STATE STREET
BOTH PHONI•:S

TRAVERSE CITY,

plements, Robes~ Blankets
Whips, Shelf Hardware,
Gasoline Engines. Etc.

MANUFACTURERS OF HARNESS
····-~ -·-~~----

Bell Phone 188

Citizens Phone 99

--······--·
·····-···-·············
135 STATE STREET

-....

TRAVERSE CITY,

MICHIGAN

CEO.

J . H. ;\[ONROI·:

\V ,

:\JC Wli'l'H\'

monro¢ ~
mcw~tby
6¢n¢ral Insurant¢
R~al Estat¢

moniv to £oan
311 WILI-IELi\1 BJ"OCK

MICHIGAN' TRAVERSE CI.TY,

MICH.

Clothiers and Peoples Savings Bank A. B. Stinson, P. M.
CASII CAPITAL $60,000.00
. .. Dl•:ALER
...
TRAVERSE CITY,
MICH.
Furnishers
Dry Goods, Groceries, CrockI~

Hodges L\ very Barn
and Feed Stable
When in Town and in Need of
a Rig Call On Me Oratl eave
orders
0 1ty Hotel
G. B. DOHERTY, Proprietor

FIFE LAKE,

Michigan

QUEEN CIT· Y
IMPLEMENT CO.

- -TtiE-

MAl\T,;I'AC'l'\JREI.{S

Oval Wood Dishes
0. W. D. Wire End Dishes
0. W. D. Clothes Pins
Lumber
·

HOUSES A:KD T~OTS
FOR CASH, TRADE
OR PAYiVlE:\'T ;
CA:KT LO'l'S; FAR:VlS
FOR FRUIT OR GE.:-<ERA I, u::;E ; BUSI·
NESS CHANCES;
SURVEYS MAD R ;
PLATS, :\lAPS AND
G E )< R RA L E~GI:KEFRI::\G . . . . . . .

TRAVERSE CITY, MICH.

CITIZENS PHONE 443

Travers Cily, Mich.

~ft~f§Se~)J)~

'I'RA VERSE HERALD
Weekly. Established 1858.
THE EVE)<JNG RECORD
Every Business Day.
TRAVERSE CITY, • MICHIGAN

MiCH.

B . A. Howard, Pres.

IDEAL PRODUCTS Xot£~s
We Manufacture and Sell Spring
Wheat Flour, nienrled Spring anc~
Winter Flour, Whole Wheat Flour,
Grahr,m Flour, Rye Flour, Buckwheat Flour, Yellow Granulated
Meal, Feed, Rran, Middlings, Hay
a nd Straw. POLl Itry and Dairy Food
a Specialty.
Buyers of All Kinds of Grain; Beans,
Hay and Straw.

GRA~D

Hardware. Mill Supplies
and Logging Tools

-~---·-~---············ ·

Francis Thurtell, General Mgr.

- BOOK, CATALOGUE AND
COMMERCIAL PRINTING

Van Gorder &Lint en The Gregory

The Grand Traverse J. S. HODGES
Land &loan Co. General Hardware
Office Ov. r First Nat' I Bank

and R~cord
£ompany

Horses Bought and Sold
on Commission

TRAVERSE CITY, MICHIGAN

01'1

Geo . G. Bates,
Vice-Presiclent
Clara )<'. Bates,
Teeasurer

H~rald

E. M. SCOFIELD, Agent

PRMPiiL...E.TS

Thos. T. Bntes,
President
J. \V. Hannen,
Secretary

MICH.

:S. Kelley, P eslcl•· Jlt
Itt, Vlce·l'r~>sl clent
IV. P. O r nrse•·, S!'I'J'etary
\V. \V. P .rr, 'l'reas . a d M'ng'r.

W;~Jter

w. L. fle•·'

SOUTH SIDE
LUMBER CO.
Manufacturers,
Wholesale and Retail Dealers
Dumber, Lath, Shingles,
Doors, Windows, Mouldings and Box Shooks ....

A Bank for the People

Owt Clothes Fit;
Our Prices F.it the
Clothes.
If We Satisfy,
Tell E ve1·ybody;
~\0 If We Don 't, Tell Us

I

Sherman & Hunter
I

TRAVERSE CITY, MICH.

Our Capital Stock is held uy forty
sh areholders, all r esidents of Grand
Traverse region, and our Directors
are mnong the Ieacliug business men
of Traverse City and ,·icinity. ~Inte r­
est allowed on deposits, loans JUarle,
notes bought, sa fety d eposit boxes for
rent. ~Modern, high -class, burglarproof safe ; steel lin ed vault. ~Every
accommodation and comtesy consistent with soun d banking is exleJI(]erl
our customers. ~B Hnking in all
bran ches .

PURVIS & CO. Eurol)¢an
LIVERY, FEED
ANO - - -

SALE STABLE

-

Hors~

HOtd

ljenry Brodl)agen. Prop. -

Special attention given to furnishing
Rigs for R esor ters, Picnic Parties
anrl Funerals with or witllout clri ,·ers.

ery, Stationery, Fwur,
Salt, Etc.
SHIPPER OF

POTATOES,

BUTTE~.

'EGGS

Citizens Telephone Exchange

KINGSLEY,

MICHIGAN

Smitb R~altV £~..
[Successors to Floyd L. Smith]

General Builders
...A::"'D ...

Hack Calls Promptly Attended

Real Estate Dealers

120 STATl-<: STREET WBST
( NEAR \.iNION)

Hack Calls a Special ty
Prices l{easpnable
Your Patronage Solicited

Office and Yards, 515 Lake A,·enue
Telephones, Bell, 390; Citizens, 30s

Citizens Phone 281- -Bell Phone 218

STATB STREET, ~EAR U~ION
BO'J'H PHOJSES 160

TRAVERSE CITY, MICH.

TRAVERSE CITY, MICH.

TRAVERSE CITY,

MICH.

HOUSES FOR SALE ON
MONTHLY PAYMENTS
Offi_cc, Cor. Lak e Ave. and Tenth St.

Traverse City, Mich.
Citizens Phone 32.

Bell Phone I69

f.

·------~--------------------g····-------------~-----------~,------~------~-.

f\DVERTISING SEGTION

J. 0.

R. CASU

Established

CROl'SJ.>R

1881

OF

Hardwood
••• Lumber

Dl~A T,I\RS

IN

IT PAYS TO TRADE AT

Lumber &Shingle Co.

"The Store That
Saves You Money"
.i.\ I!CHIC.-\S PHONE

lt. \\1 . W A['! '

C. R . WAll'

S. E. WAIT & SONS

·D ruggists

164

Eagle...
•.. Press

Groceries••

S . lt. WAI'i'

G.

KELLEY

Fancy and Staple
Provisions, Flour, Salt
and Smoked Meats . . .
T raverse City, -:· Michigan

DEWtTT,
\V. P. CROTSF.n.

Traverse City. - Michigan

Kingsley, Mich.

S.C. Darrow &Sons

!'resident
\"ice President
Secretm-y
R. BECKER, Treasurer

\\·. N . K m.J.H\·,

\\'. L.

Seller of Good Shoes

Case & Crotser
li1ANUFAC'1'Ul{ERS

ALFRED V. FRIEDRICH

Traverse City
Michigan
WESLEY DUNN
DEALER IN

Groceries••

STAVE
sPLINT
FRUIT

Wm.

The Hannah & lay
Mercantile Co.

Universal
Providers
TRAVERSE CITY
MICHIGAN

Son

MANUFACTURERS OF

Turned Chair Stock

fl.

Bugbee

Drug Co.,

Ltd .

City Drug

Stor~

Traverse Cit y, ·Mich.

Hamilton Clothing Co. Park
Men's and
Place

H t 0 e1

REPAIRING OF ALL KINDS

Fife Lake, Mich.

Abstractor...

~mtJ.i~h~~.u~ ~ itl¥r~¥

LAD IES'
LIBRA RY
BUI LDI N G

Traverse City, - - Mich.
Citizens Phone 105

J. W. PATCHIN

1\IA:::\AGER

RooM 405
New Wilhelm Block

325 SOUTH UNION ST.
Citi7.ens Phone 208

Traverse City, - Mich.

TRAVERSE CITY, MICH.

fieneral Merchandise
Largest shipper of eggs in
Northern Michigan
CITIZENS PHONE NO. 23

ROOl\I 212
STATE BANK BUILDING
PHONE 696

Village Plat
Timber and
Farms ....

Lumber a nd All Kinds of Building
Material

Traverse City
Manufacturing Co.

Rock Elm Dowels and Curtain
Poles and Fixtures

Cor. Lake Ave. and Tenth St.

O F FICE AND FACTORY

TRAVERSE CITY, MICH.

Citizens Phone 32

Bell Phone 169

Michigan

---·-------------

Soutb €nd fiardwar¢
A. B. HACKMAN
MANAGER

Hardware
Implements
General
Merchandise
Kingsley, - - Michigan

Traverse City, · Michil!an

B. J. MORGAN

Pioneer
Livery
Stable ·

Produce

{~

fiannab
[ay
~o.
Grain

BUCKLEY, MICH.

UNINCORPORATED
D. H. POWER, Proprietor
E. C. VAN DEWALKER, Cashier

Kingsley, Michigan

FIRST
}fbstracts of (itl¢s
Underwood
&
Umlor
NATIONAL
LAWYER
0. C. MOFFATT
Attorneys at Law
BANK
402 State Bank Building

GEORGE CARNS

Curtis

Circuit Court Commissioner ...
... Justice of the Peace

Traverse City, Michigan

Hotel DeFrance
R. B. DeFRANCE
PROPRIETOR
Special Attention Given to
Traveling Men
Heated
Rooms

KINGSLEY, MICHI6AN

:II. W,

UNDERWOOD

and

•

•

~

Traverse
City
Michigan

TheBankofKingsley D. W.Reynolds&Son

TRAVERSE CITY, MICHIGAN

w.

Smith & Price

W. 0. HOLDEN

LAWYER

-

Commercial Department
1\IARKHAM BLOCK
TRAVERSE CITY, - MICH.

Pbotograpbus

County Surveyor

-

Attorneys and
Counselors at Law

LAwyER

G. A. BRIGHAM

Kingsley,

Traverse City, rlich.
Citi7.ens Phone 455
Bell Phone 18
'
THOS. S:llURTH\\.AI'fE
Ct,;R'!'!S D. AI,\\'.-\Y

Amil F. Nerlinger

· Traverse City, Michigan

DAV IS

C. 0. CARVER

DEALER IN

-AND-

FRED IT. l'RAl'l'

c.

Law and
Loan Office

~

D. L. ENSIGN

w. L. BROWN, MANAGER

G.

I

C.

II.-\RR\'

WAGON MAKER

CITTZH::-\S P H Ol\H Nc . 55

KINGSLEY, MICH.

S . PRAT'!'

PRATT & DA VIS

E. P. WATERMAN

WHITE ROCKERS and
FINISHED CHAIR SEATS

Traverse City, Mich.

B

EDWIS

LAC~~~ITH

TRAVERSE CITY. MICH.

Civil •••
Baskets
Engineer

B~ltn¢r ~

Furniture

P. T. Peterson

Traverse City, - Michigan

OF

TRAVERSE CITY, MICH.

• •• and •. •

Lumber, Lath and Shingles
Cedar Products
TRAVERSE CITY, MICH .

MASO NIC BL OCK

MA:-<lJFACl'URERS

Groceries

MANVF'ACTURERS AND
WHOLESA LE DE:AJ.ERS

Boys' Clothing
Hats, Caps
Cor. Front and U nion Sts.
Camp Supplies and
Furnishing
H ard \Yood Lumber
Goods
Traverse City, Mich. Kingsley, - - Mich.

Wells-Higman
Company ••••

CHAS. E. BOX

DEALERS

I~

6~n~ral
m~rcbandis~
FRESH AND SALT MEATS
GRA \YN, 1\IICIIIGA~ .

.
WM. H . U::l rJ~OR

OFFfCE . Rooms 1, 2 and 3
· Sutherland Block
TRAVERSE CITY, MICH.
Citizens Phone 74

SUITE

210

6~n~ral Banking

STATE BANK BUILDING

Traverse City, Mich.

Traverse City, Mich.

Dg.-\LER

1::\'

Heavy and Shelf
HARDWARE
Paints, Oils, Harness, and
Harness Repairs
ELK RAPIDS. MICH.

f. P. QUACKENBUSH
DHALER

L.~

Groceries
FIFE LAKE, MICH.

'.

PAT~ONS' ~EFE~ENCE DI~ECTO~Y
\

.

-----------------OF-----------------

Graod Traverse Cour)ty, Micl)igao
EXPLANATION .-The date following a name indicates the length of time the party has heen a resident 1n the cou nty.
for Sectio~; T. for Township; P. 0. for Post-office address.

The abbreviations are as follows:

S,

When no Section Number or Township is given, it will be understood that the party resides within the limits

of the village or city named, and, in such cases, the post-office address is the same as the place of residence, unless otherwise stated.

Adams, Earl D., F armer and Fruit Grower, S. 18, T . Peninsula, P. 0.
Traverse City. 1881.
Ainsley, L. E., Farmer , Fruit Grower and Stockraiser, S. 32, T. Bast Bay,
P. 0. Traverse City. 1859.
_
Albertson Dan. J . , President, Manistee River Power Co., Traverse City.
Albright, 'A. J. , Farmer, S. 23, T. :r'aradise, P .· 0. Summit City. 1872.
Alcock Geo. , Farmer, S. 8, T. Umon, P. 0. Mayfield. 1901.
Allyn, 'E. H., R eal Estate, Surveying and General Engineering, Traverse
, City.
Anderson, John , Supervisor of Green Lake Twp., S. 13, T . .Green Lak~,
P. 0. Monroe Center. 1884. Mr. Anderson was born Ill Norway m
1871 and was n1arriecl to Josephine Anderson . To this union were
born tw'o children , Axel J . and Elida. After the death of his wife,
Mr. Anderson left Norway and C'lme to the U. S., where he was
ma·rried to Christina Swanson. Mr. Anderson held the effie of Clerk
and Treasurer of Green Lake Twp.
Anstette, Geo., Farmer and Stockraiser, S. 14, T. Paradise, P . 0. Kingsley. 1899.
Antony, F., Fanner, Fruit Grower and Stockraiser, S. 27, T. Garfi~ld, P.
0. Traverse City. 1883. Mr. Anthony holds the office of H1g h way
Commissioner since 1904.
·
.
Auyer \V.I., Farmer, S 35, T. Grant, P. 0. \Vexford, 1890. Mr. Auyer
~vas born in New York in 1861 and is married to Dora Ward. They
have four children, Lou, Hazel, ~1ildred and Virginia.
Arnold, Geo . \V., Far)ner, Stockraiser and Breeder of Berkshire Hogs, S .
31, T. Acme, P . 0. Williamsburg. !870.
Arnald. \Vm .. Farmer and Raiser of Holstein and Short Horn Cattle, S. 9,
'f. P~radi se, P. 0. Kingsley. 1890.
Avery )!oham. Farmer, S. 8, T. Fife Lake, P. 0. Kingsley. 1855.
Ayers,' \:Vm ., Farmer and Fruit Grower, S. lO, T. Peninsula, P. 0. Old
Mission, Box 56. 1853.
Bacon ::.v!ait, Fanner and Fruit Grower, S. 31, T. Acme, 1'. o·. Bates. 1890.
Bailey: H . C., Fa~mer Fruit Grower and Stockraiser, S. 31, T. Acme, P .
0. Elk R ap1ds, 1882.
Baird Wallis M., Farmer, S. 5, T. Whitewater. P. 0. Williamsburg. 1876.
'Mr. Baird was born in New York in 1852 <UHI was married to Corn elia Story to which union were born six children, J'o.[uril E.,
Thomas, Wallie M.. Norenue, Chester and Burt. In 1904 his wife
died and in 1907 M1·. Baird married Miss Hattie Newstead. Mr.
Baird's property is known as Bay View .
Baker, Leonard, Farmer and Raiser of Jersey Cattle, S. 11, T. Fife Lake,
P . 0. Fife Lake. 1878.
Baldwin, M. D , Farmer, S. 9, T. Paradise, P. 0. Kingsley .. 1889.
:Bancraft, G. W., 'Farmer, S. 1, 't . Para<lise, P. 0. K ingsley. 1880.
Bank of Kingsley, General BRnking, D. H. Power, Proprietor; E. C. Van
De Walker, Cashier; Kingsley .
Barnard, E. E., Farmer, S. 36, T. Green T"'ake, P. 0. Monroe C~nter.
1903. Mr. Barnard was bom in Vermont in 1862 and is married to
Fannie Pike:
Barnes, P., Fruit Grower and Proprietor of Rose Bud Fruit Farm, S. 17,
T. Garfield , P. 0. Traverse City. 1904.
Barney,_Robert, 'F armer and Stockraiser, S. 6, T. Garfield, P. 0. Traverse City. 1880. Mr. Barney is proprietor of "Orchard Lawn
Farm.''
Barranek, \-Vm., Farmer, S. 26, T. Long Lake, P. 0. Traverse City .
1904. Mr·. Barranek was born in Germany in 1861, is married to
Mary Stepale an~they have five children, namely Anton, Casmire,
Rosa, Blanch au~ Sad i e . Mr. Barranek's property is known as the
Lake Side Farm.
Barrett, A. J ., Farmer and Stockraiser, S. 18, 'f. Para<lise, P. 0. Kingsley. 1867.
.
Barrett, Charles H., Farmer and Stockraiser, S. 30, '!'. Paradise, P. 0.
Summit City. 1867.
Bartholomew, E. \-V., Farmer, S. 4 , T. Blair, t>. 0. ·rraverse City. 1878.
Mr. Bartholomew was born in Michigan in 1853, is married to
Verona Umlor and they have four children, Ethel, Verona, Grace
and Ralph. Mr. Bartholomew's property is known as Rose View
Farm.
Bauer, Joseph, Farmer, S . 4, T. Mayfield, P. 0. Kingsley. 1903. Mr.
Bauer was born in Germany in 1872 and is married to Theresa Best.
They have six chi ldren, r~ouisa, Joseph, Theresa, Mary, Bernhard
and Fred. Mr. Bauer's property is known as Gardendale Farm .
Baynton, A., Farmer, S. 30, T. Acme, P. 0. F.lk Rapids . 1870.
Baynton, J. R , Fanner and Stockraiser, S. 31, T. Acme, P. 0 . Elk
Rapirls. 1870.
Baynton, Perry, Farmer, S. 21 , T . East Ray, P. 0 . Traverse City. Mr.
Baynton was born in Grand Traverse County in 1878.
Beck, John , Farmer, S. 3, T. Paradise, P. 0. Kingsley. 1886.
Beitner, Wm. & Son, Manufactures of Turned Chair Stock, White Rocke~s
and Finished Chair Seats, Rock Elm Dowels, Curtain Poles· and
Fixtures, Traverse City.
Benn ett, Caleb, Farmer, S. 4, T. East Bay, P. 0. Traverse City. 1863.
Bennett, Ezra, Farmer, S. 33, T. Grant, P. 0. Nessen City. 1864. Mr.
Bennett was born in 1860 and is married to Effie Bigger. Mr. and
Mrs. Bennett are the parents of three children, Ray, Roy and Wil·
bur.
, .
.
:Bennett, John, Farmer, S. 24, T. Acme, P. 0 . Elk RatJids. 1900.

Benson, B. A. , Farmer and Fruit Grower, S. 32, T. Peninsula, P. 0.
Traverse City. 1891.
Benson, 0 . J., Farmer, Fruit Grower , Carpenter and Contractor, S. 33, 1'.
·
Peninsula, P . 0. Traverse City. 1883.
Benton, \V. C. , Livery Stable, Traverse City. 1894.
Bickler, N., Farmer, S. 26, T. Garfield, P. 0. Traverse City. 1880.
Biddlecome, D . H. , Fanner and Proprietor of Saw and Feed Mill, S . 35,
T . Union, lJ. 0. Fife Lake. 1871.
.
Black, Edwin, Dairy Earmer, S. 30, T. East Bay, P. 0 . Traverse C'ity.
1862.
Blodgett, D. M . , Farmer and Dairyman, S. 27, T. \-Vhite.water, P. 0 . \Villiamsburg. 1892. Mr.Biodgettwasborn inNewYorkin1866and is
married to Cathleen Bucham. They ba,·e two children, Lucy and
Neya ,
.
Blue, Maynard, Proprietor of \Valton Inn, 'Valton Jun<;tion .
Boardman River Electric Light and Power Company, Wm. Loudon, P res.
Chas. Wilhelm, Vice Pres. , A. V. Friedrich, Sec'y., S. Garland
Treasurer, Traverse City.
Bohlender, John , Farmer, S. 4. T. Paradise, P. 0. Kingsley. 1890.
Bohrer, Frank, Farmer and Fruit Grower, S. 24, T. Garfield, P. 0 . . Traverse City. 1885.
Bohrer, John, Farmer, S. 2, T . Blair, P. 0. Traverse City. 1884. Mr.
Bohrer was born in Switzerland in 1872 and is married to Ida Eickey.
They have one child named Edyth.
Bohrer, Louis, Fanner, Frnit Grower and Stockraiser, S. 6, T. East Bay
P. 0 . Traverse Cit y. 1883.
_
Bosky , Wm., Fanner and Stockraiser, S . 19, T. Paradise, P. 0. Summit
City. 1883.
Bosner, G., Fanner and Stockraiser, S . 19, 1'. Acme, P . 0. l<:lk Rapids.
1902.
'
Bova, John . Farmer, D. 14, 'f. Garfield, P. 0. 'fraverse City. 1895.
Box, Charles E. , Dealers in Groceries and Furititure, Kingsley.
Brackett, L . H . , Farmer, S. 36, T. Acme, P. 0. Elk Rapids. 1858.
Bracebridge, \-V. E., Farmer and ~tockraiser, S. 27, 'f. Grant, P. 0 .
Nessen City. 1877. Mr. Bracebridge was born in Michigan in 187 7
a nd married Mabel C. Davis . They have two children, Della M.
and Alice l\1.
Bracebridge, Wm. G., Farmer , R. 28, '1'. Grant, P . 0. Nessen City. 1865.
:.\1r. Bracebridge was· born in Michigan in 1863 and is married to
::.v!ary Larson.
Brake!. Wm., Farmer, S . 5, T. Blair, P . 0. Traverse City. 1848. Mr.
Brake! was born in Germany in 1837 and is married to Anna C.
:.\1intor. Mr. and Mrs. Brake! are the parents of seven children,
Tracy, Frank, Catharine, William E., Clara, Ida and Fred.
·
Brake!. John, Farmer, S. 5, T. Blair, P. 0. Traverse City. 1869. Mr.
Brake! was born in Michigan in 1869.
Brayton, Freel, Fanner and Proprietor of Bass L<:~ke Resort, S. 36, T. Long
Lake, P. 0. Tra\"erse City. 1891. Mr. Brayton was born in New
York in 1852 a nd is married to Rllen Durham.
Bridgeman, R. C., Farmer. S . 26, 1'. Union, P . 0. Fife Lake. 1906.
Briel, \Vm., Farmer and Stockraiser, S. 5, T. East Bay, P . . 0. Traverse
e ity. 1877.
·
Brig ham, G. A., Dealer in r~umber, Farms, Produce and Grain, Buckley.
Brimmer, Frank D . , Farmer and Fruit Grower, S. 16, T. Peninsula, P. 0.
Old :Mission. 1880.
Brinkman, E. J ., Fruit Grower, S. 26, T. Peninsula, P. 0. Old Mission .
1859.
Broadway, E. G., Farmer, S. 14, T. Grant, P. 0. Buckley. 1868. Mr.
Broadway was born in Michigan in 1868 and is married to Eva
R obertson. Alma N. and Clifford are the two children of Mr. and
Mrs. Broadway.
Broadway, 0. J. , Farmer, S. 22, T. Grant, P. 0. Buckley. 1873. Mr.
Broadway was born in Michigan in 1873 and is married to Elda
Davis.
Brodhagen, H enry, Livery and Feed Stable, Tra,·erse City.
Brower, W. ,V., Dealer in General Merchandise, Fife Lake.
Brown, F. E ,' Grand Traverse County Treasurer, Traverse City.
Brown, Walter, Fauver, S. 6, T. Fife Lake, P. 0 . Kingsley. 1869.
Browne, F. T., Fruit Grower, S. 9, 1'. Peninsula, P. 0. Traverse City.
1901.
Brownson, J. J., M . D., Physician, Kingsley .. 1877. Dr. Brownson is a
native of Grand Traverse Countv.
Brust, A. G., Dealer in General Merchandise and Postmaster, Monroe
Center. Mr. Brust was. born in Michigan in 1869 and is married to
Eli1.abeth Sparling. Three children, Bessie C., Jessie E. and Peter
Edwin were born to this union.
Bryant, A. E., Farmer, S. 19, T. Fife Lake, P . 0. Kingsley. 1898.
Bube, Oscar, Farmer, S. 28, 'f. Whitewater, P. 0 . Elk Rapids. li1r. Bube
was born in Michigan in 1862 and is married to Cora Woodroff.
,Bugbee, C . A. Drug Co., Dealers in Drugs, Medical Supplies and Toilet
Articles, Traverse City.
·
Bunce, Dr. C. W., Physician and Surgeon, Williamsburg.
Burkholder, J. K ., Farmer, S. 1, T. F ife Lake, P. 0. Fife Lake. 1889.

Campbell, D. R ., Farmer, S. 7, T. Blair, P. 0. Traverse City. 1873. Mr.
· Campbell was born in Michigan in 1873. His property is known as·
the Silver Dale Farm.

Campbell, Julius Co., Dealers in Hardware, Furnit\tre, Sporting Goods
and General Housefurnishing Articles, Traverse City.
Campbell, W. F. an d L. A., Commission Men for Cider and Byproducts
Manufacturers, Plant ancl \Varehouses, Grawn.
Campeatt, A., Dairy F~1rmer and Breeder of Durham Cattle, City Office 730
So. Union Street, Traverse City. 1865.
Canute, Chas. E , Farmer, S. 22, 'f. Gr:mt, P. 0. Nessen City. 1870.
l\1r. Canute was ·born in New York in 1864 and married EJecta
Drake. They have six children, Bula, Clyde, Margie, Mable, Clare
and Carrie. Mr. Can ute is agent for the J~eonard Seed Co. of
Chicago. His property is known as the \Valnut Farm.
'
Carlile, E. H., Farmer and Breeder of Ayrshire Cattle, S. 7, T. Acme, P..
0. Elk Rapids. 1879.
Carlisle, II. E., Farmer allll Fmit Grower, S. 29, T, East Bay p . 0.
Traverse City. 1878.
'
Carns, George, Dealer in Heavy and Shelf Hardware, Paints, .Oils, Har•
ness Repairs, Elk R apids.
Carothers, Olh·er, Farmer, S. J', T. Fife Lake, P. 0. Fife Lak e. 1872.
Carpenter, H. D .. Parmer, S. 5, T . East Bay, P. 0. Tra\·erse Cit,·. 1870.
Carris, F. C. , Farmer, S. 11, T. Lo~1g Lake, P. 0 . Traverse City. 1898.
i\'Ir. Carris was born in Kansas in 1871 and married Bertha L. Langdon;
They have o ne child named Lela.
Carroll, I<aurence. Farmer and Frnit Grower, S. 34, T. Peninsula P. 0.
Traverse City. 1864.
'
Carroll, Will, Farmer antl Fruit Grower, S. 34, '1'. I'euinsnla, P . 0. Trav·
erse City. 1,880. Mr. Carroll is a native of GraJ!cl Traverse County.
Carver, C. 0., Abstactor , Ladies' J..ibrary Building, Traverse City.
'
Case. Earl J., vVhol~sale Dealer in Lumber, King-sley. 1881.
Case, Oren S., Farmer, S. 17, T . Garfield, P. 0. Traverse Citv. 1890Case & Crotser, :V!anufacturers of H ardwood Lumber, Kingsley.
Cell, Vvm., Farmer, S. 4 , T. F.ast Bay, 1'. 0. Traverse City. 19C6.
Champion, E. E. , Farmer, S. 21, T. Grant, P. 0. Nessen City . 1890.
l\1r . Champion was born in Ohio in 1862 and is married to Elizabeth
Gilroy. Mr. and :vJrs Champion have' four . children, Harold J.
Donald E., Aun_ie W., nn_cl Dale !1-· Mr. Champion is holding th~
office of Supervisor, and IS propnetor of Pleasant View Farm.
Champney, G. L., Farmer and Stockraiser and Breeder of Berkshire Hogs
S. 26, T. Acme, P. 0 . Elk Rapids. 1887.
'
Christopher, Jess, Fanner and Fruit Grower, S. 15, T. Peninsula I' . 0.
01<1 Mission. 1863. Mr. Christopher was IJorn in 1863 a1~cl is a
native of Grand TraYerse County .
Christopher, \V. F., F armer and Fruit Grower, S. 11, '!'. Peninsula P. 0 ·
Old :\lission. 1855.
'
'
Citi1.ens ' Bank, ~eneral ~anking, Hiram H . LaB~r, President, James s.
Horlges, Vtce PresHient, Leroy L . :.\faxam, Cashier, Fife Lake.
Clark, A. T., Fanper, S. 26, T. Union, P. 0 . .Fife Lake. 1882. Mr. Clark
is serving as Trensurer of Union Township.
Clark, G. L., Farmer, S. 26, 'f. Blair, P. 0. Kingsley. 1883. Mr. Blair
was born in Canada in 1854 and is married to Armontha Bailey~
.
They have two childreu, Nettie and Mary E.
Claypool, Hiram, Farmer, S . 6, T. Acme, P. 0. Bates. 1893.
Clenrlenen, Lewis, Farmer, S. 8, T . Un'ion, P. 0. Mayfield . 1903.
Cleveland, L. K ..• Ins~r~nce and Real Estate Office, Traverse City. Mr.
Cleveland IS a C1v1l War Vetera!l h aving ~erved in Company K. of
the 14th New York Heavy Arhller:>: Regunent, and in Battery D.
of the 1st Rhode Island Heavv Artlllerv.
Clough, J. 0., Fanner, S. 18, T . Blair, P. 0. Grawn. 1885. :Mr. Clough
was born in Indiana in 1866 and is married to Rebecca J. Harr. Mr.
and Mrs. Clough h!'-ve five children , Alta L . , Allen L., Francis L.,
Floyd W. and Manou E.
Collins, Ira J., Farmer, S. 3, T. Long Lake, P. 0. Traverse C ty. 1906
Combs, 1'. D., Farmer and Fruit Grower, S. 28, 1'. Peninsula, P . 0. Tra:
verse City. 1884.
Connine, J . R., Dealer in General Merchandise, Traverse City.
.Conover, D. H. , Dealer in Timber Lands and Lumber Interlochen.
Cook, C. W., Farmer, S. ~1, T. \~hite":'at~r, P 0 .. Williamsburg. 1885.
Mr. Cook was born Ill 1868 111 M1cl11gan and IS married to Jennie
Ralph. His property is known as the Maple Hurst Farm.
Cool edge, Chas.,. Farmer and Fruit Grower, ::; . 33, T. Peninsula, P. 0..
Traverse C1ty. 1906.
Cooper, W. D., Farmer, Stockraiser an'd Fruit Grower, S. 30, 'f. Garfield,
P. 0 . Traverse City. 1881.
·
Corning, I~vine, Farmer .. S. 3?, ·~. :M~yfield, P·. 0 . Buckley. 1871. Mr. ·
Cormng was born 111 M1clngan m 1864 and is married to Ella A
Pringle. They have six children, Floyd, Elsie, Georgia, Grac)!:
Gurt and Manny.
C-otton, Frank, _Farmer an~ Saw Mill Operator, S. 33, T. Grant, P. o.
Nessen City. Mr. Cotton was born in Pennsylvania in 1850 and is
married to Edith Felt to which union were born four children
Charles, Flora, Harry and Elmer. The fourth child, Elmer, died
the ag-e of seven years.
Courtade, Albert •. Farmer and Fruit .Growe~, S. 29, T. East Bay, P. 0 .
Traverse C1ty. Mr. Courtade xs a native of Grand Traverse County
and was horn in 1874.
'
Courtade, John N , Far mer and Stockraiser, S. 21, T . East Bay, :P. 0 .
Traverse City. 1868.
Cox, John R. , Farmer, S: 11, ·~. Lo?g Lake, P. ~· Traverse City. • 1883.
Mr . Cox was born m Ind1ana 111 1850 aud IS married to Tamer A.
Kenworth to which union were born t en children, Elsworth, Levi,

at

8z
Alma, Rettie (who d ied at the age of 24 years ) Hebsey. Jane, Hermon, Emma, Linnie and William Willard (who died in his infancy.)
Mr. Cox's property is known as the Gardendale Farm.
O:>x, Upsall, Farmer, S. 25, T . \:Vhitewater, P. 0. \:Villiamsburg. 1875.
Mr. Cox was born in Grand Traverse County, Michigan. and is
n1arried to Fannie McKinzie. They h ave four children , Edward,
Henry, Joseph an d Lewis. Mr. Cox's property is known as the
Lakeside Farm.
Gox, Vvm., Farmer and T.,tunberman , S. 1, T. Grant, P. 0. Monroe Center. Mr. Cox was born in Michigan in ~866 and was married to
Anna Holl and to which union were born two children, Frank and
Albert. After the death of his wife Mr. Cox married Gusta Ross
and to this union were born three children , Maggie, Ella and Dolly.
Grain, R. R., Fmmer a nd F1·uit Grower, S. 17, T. Garfield, P. 0. Traverse City. 1861.
Crandall, J. M., Proprietor of Saw, Shingle and Planing Mills , S. 3, T.
Blair, P. 0. Traverse City.
·
Crandall , D. E. & Son, Dealers in General Merchandise anJ Lumber and
. Manufacturers of Shingles, Lath l et c. Grawn ~
Crane, M. D. , Merchant and Post Master, \Valton. 1901.
Crisp, A. H., Farmer, S. 6, T . Acme, P. 0. Bates. 1883.
Crisp , Geo. L., Farmer, S. 4, T. \Vhite\\·ater, P. 0. \:Villiamsburg.
1872. Mr. Crisp was born in Michigan, Grand Traverse County in
1872 and was married to Nettie Ernst, to which union were-born two
children, Ferris and John. After the death of his wife in 1898, Mr.
Crisp married Edna Graham in 1900 to which s econd union wa~ born
one child, named Josephine . Mr. Crisp's property is know as' 'Rest
a While Farm." He is serving as County- School Commissioner.
Crofser, J. 0., (Cas~ & Crotser) Manufacturer of .H ardwood Lumber, K~ngs ­
ley.
Curtis, A. B., Real Estate and Insurance, J.'raverse City. He is holding
· the office of Justice of the Peace~
.
Curtis, G. W., Lawyer, Circuit Court Commissioner, Justice of the Peace,
1
402 State Bank Building, Traverse City.
Cur tis, Josiah, Farmer, S . 9, T. ·whitewater, P . 0 . Elk Rapids. Mr. Curtis was born in Michigan in 1841 and was married to J osephine
O'Brian, to which uniO'n were born two children, \ViUiam and
Maud. After the death of his wife he married Ina Square. His
property is known as the "\Veeping \Villow F arm. "
Dana; Hany V ., Farmer and Fruit Grower, S. 27, T. Peninsula, P. 0.
Old Mission. 1877. Mr. Dana is a uatiYe of Grand Trayerse
County.
Davis, H. E., Farmer, S. 4, T. Fife Lake, P. 0. Fife Lake. 1873.
Davis, H . R. , Farmer, S. 5, T. Fife Lake, P. 0 . Kingsley . Mr. Davis is a
native of Grand Traverse County and was born in 1874.
D.a rrow, S. C., Supervisor of the Second Ward, Traverse City.
Darrow, S. C. & Sons, Dealers in Fancy and Staple Groceries, Provisions,
F lo ur, Salt and Smoked Meats, Tranrse City.
Dawson, J. H., Farmer, S. 7, T. Garfield , P. 0. Traverse City. 1866.
Dean Chas. E . , Farmer, S. 36, T . Union, P. 0. Fife Lake. 1903.
D.e F;ance, R. B ., Proprietor, Hotel De Frauce, Kingsley.
DeGraw, G. E., Farmer and Fruit Grower , S. 2.2.. T. Peninsula, P. 0. Old
Mission. 1864. City Andress 903 Cass Street, Traverse City.
Delmont, S. G., Farmer and Fruit Grower, .S . 17, T. Garfield, P. 0.
·Traverse City. 1860.
D·ewey, \V. A., Farmer and Fruit Grower and Breeder of Red Poll Cattle,
S. 26, T. Acme, P. 0. Elk Rapids. 1870.
·
D.e wey, Castina, Farming, S . 35, T. Union, P. 0. Fife J.,ake. 187 3.
Dewney, Mrs. C., Farming, S. ·10, T. Fife Lake, P. 0 . Fife Lake. 1880.
Djckison·, John, Farmer, S. 29, 1' . .East 13ay, P . 0 . TraYerse City. 1893 .
Dixon, \V. H., Farrr1er and Stockraiser, S. 26, T. Grant, P . 0 Kessen
City. 1866. Mr. Dixon was born in Ontario, Canada, in 1861 and .
is married to Carrie Canute. They have two children, Vera and
William B.
Doherty, G. B., H odges I~ivery Barn a nd Feed Stable, Fife Lake.
Dohm, Henry, Fanner and Fruit Grower, S. 10, T. Peninsula, P. 0. Old
Mission . · 187 5. Mr. Dolan is a native of Grand Trayerse County.
Domine, Gus. G., Farmer, S. 20, T. East Bay, P. 0 . Traverse City. 1882.
Donkers, Henry, Farmer, S. 20, T. Mayfield, P. 0. Buckley. 1887. Mr.
Donkers was born in Germany in 1840 and is married to Margarete
Brendjen. They h ave one child named Jo~m.
Douglas, George B., Farmer, S. 21, T. Garfield, P. 0. Tra,·erse City.
1883.
D.owd, H arry, Farmer and Threshing Machine Operator, S. 1, T. Grant,
P . 0. Monroe Center. 1888. Mr. Dowel was born in New York in
1870 and is m arried to Vidt~ Swainston. Mr. Dowrl is proprietor of
Maple Grove Farm.
D.reves, Joe, Farmer, S. 8, T . East Bay, P. 0 'fraverse Citv. 1896.
Dunn, Frank E., Fanner and Stockraiser, S. 19, T. Garfield, P. 0.
Traverse City. 1855.
D.unn, \Vesley, Dealer in Groceries, Camp Supplies and Hard Wood
Lumber, Kingsley.
Duryea, E. E., Farmer, S. !3, T. Long Lake, P. 0. Traverse City. 1873.
Mr. Duryea was born in New York in 1864 and is married to Mattie
Hill. They have two children, Hazel F. and Nila E. Mr. Duryea's
property is known as the Crystal Lake Farm. He has served as
Countf Supervisor for nine years.
:Eagl e Press, E. E. White, Manager, Publishers, Traverse City.
Eckler, \Vm . H., Fire insurance and Real Estate, 143 East Front Street
Traverse City.
·
E.tldv, Caros, Farmer, S. 28, T. Garfield, P. 0. Traverse City. 1907 .
:Edgecomb, Frank, Farmer, Fruit G rower and Raiser of \V'nlte Plymouth
Rock Poultry, S. 22, T. Peninsula, P. 0. Old Mission. 1880.
:Edwards, .w. H ., Farmer, S . 16, T .. East Bay, P. 0. Traverse City. 1885.
:Eggli, Fred Jr. , Fttrmer and Stockraiser, S. 34, T. Garfield, P. 0 . Trav•
erse City. 1876.
Eiman , D. B . , Farmer and Fruit Grower, S. 10, T. Peninsula, P. 0. Old
Mission. 1877.
J!;ldred, Wm., Fanner, S. 5, T. Garfield, P. 0. ·rra•·erse City. 1879.
Eldridge, J . F., Farmer, S. 36, T. Union, P. 0. Fife Lake. 1906,
JElectdc Land and Development Co., Furnishers of Electric Power for Commercial Purposes, D. J. , Albertson, President, Traverse City.
Elk Rapids Saving Bank, General Banking, Chas. B . Carber, Cashier, Elk
Rapids.
Elliott, C. A., Farmer, S. 35, T . Union, P . 0 . Fife Lake. 1876.
J!:lliott, F. R., Farmer, S. 34, T. Uniou, P. 0. Fife J.,ake. 1885.
Emerson, Charles A., Farmer and Fruit Grower, S. 25, T. Garfield, P. 0.
'l'raverse City. 1865. Mr. Emerson is- a nati,·e of Grand Traverse
Countv and was born in 1865.
Emerson, J:D ., Farmer, S. 15, T. East Bay, P. U. Traverse City. 1895.
Englander, Ge<>rge, Farmer, S. 5, T. East ·Bay, P . 0. Traverse City.
. 1893.
ll:nos & Hynes, Farmers and Sheep R aisers, Proprietors of Twin Pines
Farm, S. 36, T. Fife Lake, P. 0. Walton. 1903.
:Ennest & Ayers, Merchants, \Villiamsburg.
Ensign, D. L., Dealer in General Merchandise, Kingsley.
Estes, C. R. , Farmer and Fruit Grower, S. 6, T. Acme, P. 0. Bates. Mr.
Estes was born in Grand Traverse County in 1879.
Fanners' Supply Co., \Vhol esale and Retail Dealers in Implements, Farm
Machinery, Carriages•, Robes, \Vhips, Blankets, Fur Coats, Gasoline
Engines, and Harness Makers, D. E. Wynkoop, Pres., John Rennie,
Vice Pres. , R. A. Wynkoop, S..:c'y., C. E. Rennie, Cashier, Traverse
City. 1907.

PATRONS'

REFERENCE

DIRECTORY.

Ferris, \Vm., Dairy and Poultry Farm er. Breeder of Brown Leghorn
Chickens , S. 19, T. Acme, P. 0. E lk Rapids.
First National Bank of Trayerse City, Michigan, General Banking, Leon
· F. Titus, Cashier, Trayerse City.
Fish, George, Farmer ancl Stockraiser, S. 17, T . East Bay, P. 0. Traverse
Cib·. 1869. Mr. Fish is a nat ive of (;ra nd Traverse Countv and
was born in 1869.
Fisher, Elias A., Superintendent of the \:Vylie Cooperage Co. , Interlochen.
Flack, George, Fanner and Stockraiser, S. 11, T. Garfield, P . 0. Traverse
City. Mr. Flack is a native of Grand Tra\·ers e Coun ty and was born
in 1876.
Force, \Vn1. , Farmer and Fruit Grower, S. 3, T. Acme, P. 0. Acme. 1865.
Fouch, Perry, Truck Fanner and Fruit Grower, S. 23, 1'. Penin sula, P. 0 .
Old Mission. 1898.
Fowler, Curtis, Farmer and Fruit G rO\\·er, S. 27, T. Peninsula , P. 0.
Traverse City. 1856.
Fl'iedrich, Alfred V . , Mayor of Traverse City and Dealer in Shoes, Tra·
verse City .
Fuller , James N., Farmer and Fruit Grower, S. 12, T. Acme, P. 0 . Acme.
1904.
:Fuller, Sanford, Farmer and Stockraiset·, S . 6, T . Garfield, P. 0. Traverse
City. 1869.
Gallagher, John , Farmer, Fruit Grower and Stockraiser, S . 7, T. Garfield,
P. 0. Tra,·erse City. 1892.
Garland, Chas ., Fanner and Fruit Grower, S . 4, T. Peninsula, P. 0.
Traverse City. 1856.
.
Garland, Robert P . , Farmer a nd Fruit Gro\\'er, S. 9 , T. Peninsula, P. 0.
Tra,·erse City. 1858.
.
Gauld, George, Farmer, S. 36, T . Fife Lake, P. 0. Walton. 1882.
Gay, Wm .. Farmer, S. 9, T. White\\'ater, P. 0. Elk Rapids. 1851. M:r.
Gay was born m Michigan in 1851 and is married to Fannie G.
Campbell. Mr. and Mrs. Gay are the parents of one chilp, named
Claud N. Mr. Campbell ' s property is known as the Elm Lane
Farm.
Geiger, Edw., Farmer, S. 18, T. Paradise, P. 0. Kingsley. 1883. Mr.
Geiger is a nati,·e of G rand Traverse County and was bom in 1883.
Germaine Brothers, Lh·ery Stables, Importers of Fancy Driving and Draft
Horses, Traverse City.
Gibbs, E. B., Farmer, S. 26, T. Mayfield, P. 0. Summit City. 1875. lVIr.
Gibbs was born in \Visconsin in 1853 and is married to Mary H.
Hodges. Mr. and Mrs. Gibbs have three children. Lionel A ..
Ardelia A . , and J essie S . Mr. Gibbs is holding tht:> office of Supervisor. His property is known as the Red Elm Farm.
Gibson, \V . M., Fanner am\ Stockraiser, S. 32, T. Acme, P. 0. Elk Rapids. 1878.
Gietzen, Theodore, Farmer, S. 33., T. Blair, P. 0. Kingsley. 1886. lVIr.
Gietzen was born in Michigan in 1862 and is married to Eva Einig.
1'his union has been blessed with seven children, Rosa, Daniel, Nora.
Ft·ed, Joseph, Julius and Mary. Mr. Grietzen's property is known
as the' Sunny Queen Farm.
Gillis, Peter, Fanner, S. 28, T. Garfield, P. 0 . Traverse City. 1882.
Glass, F. N., Farmer, S. 27, T. Paradise, P. 0. Kingsley. 1896.
Goff , Vincent, Farmer, S . 2, T. Fife Lake, P. 0. Fife Lake. 1877-.
Grand Traverse County, Board of Snpervisot·s.
County Officials-Chas. S . Johnson, Sheriff; F. R. \Valker, Judge of
Probate; F. E. Brown, County Treasurer; Robert E. Walter,
County Clerk; F. \V. \Vilson, Register of Deeds; Geo. \.Y. Curtis,
Circuit Court Commissioner; Fred H. Pratt, Prosecuting Attorney;
Dr. Frank Holdsworth and L . .J. Teclman, Coroners; .E. P. \Vaterman, County Surveyor; F. D . Marvin, Chairman, C. H. Estes, A. E.
Pull·er, Superintendents of the Poor; R. B. Garner, Chairman, B.. F .
Newhouse, Sec'y, A . L . Thurston, Soldiers and Sailors. Relief Commission; Frederic W. Mayne, Ci~:cuit Court Judg~; J. E. Henderson,
Stenographer. County Sltpervisors-John Hoxsie, Acme; ·F. M. Hamlin, Blair; Edwin Black, East Bay; Ralph Hicks, Fife Lake; Finley Hammond, Garfield; Elmer E. Champion, Grant; John Anderson, Green
Lake; John Kubeslt, Long Lake; Edward B. Gibbs, Jtiay-field; Lucius J.
Tedman, Paradise, Emor 0. Ladtl, Peninsula; Frank W. Carver, 1st
\\'ard, S. C. Darrow, 2nd Ward, \V. \V. Dean, 3rd Ward, \Vm . F.
Harsha, 4th Ward, L. K. CJeyeJand, 5th Ward, Trayerse City; John
M. Safford, Union; Kossuth Stites, \Vhitewater.
Gran(\ Traverse County-Treasurer's Office, F . E. Brown, County Treasurer, Traverse City.
_
Grant, \Vm. F., Farmer and Fruit Grower, S. 8, T. Garfield, P . . 0. Tr"verse City. 1857. Mr. Grant is serving <~S Township Clerk_of Gat·field Township since. 18?8.
Gravell, \V., Farmer, S. 32, T. Garfield, P. 0 . Traverse City. Mr . Gravell
is a native of Grand Traverse County and was born in 1868.
Gray, George, Fanner, S . 22, T . Mayfield, P. 0. Kingsley. 1865. Mr.
Gray was bont in Canada in 1856 and is married to Anna Clark. His
property is known as the Clover Leaf Farm.
Giles, Frank, Farmer and Fruit G rower, S. 27, T. Peninsula, P. 0. Traverse Citv. 1876.
Gilmo.re, A. T., Fanner and Fruit Grower, S. 27, T. Peninsula, P. 0.
'rraverse City. ~882.
Goodrich, F. R., Real Estate, Traverse City.
Gregory, W. L ., Proprietor of the Gregory Hotel , F ife Lake.
Groth, Chas., Fanner an d Stockraiser, S. 18 , T. Acrne, P. 0. Elk Rapids .
•
1892.
Grubb, Ray, Farmer and Cement Structure Contractor, S. 17, .T. Peninsula,
P. 0. Traverse City . .~ 1893.
Gurr, Charles, Farmer, S. 13, T. Acm e, P . 0. Elk Rapids. 1874.
Hackman, A. B., Manager, South End Hardware, Hanh\•are, Implements
and General Merchandise, Kingsley.
H?ger, Frank, Farmer, S. 35, T. Union , P . 0. Fife Lake. 1879.
Hager, John, Farmer, S. 35, T. Union, P. 0. Fife Lake. 1879.
Hager, Una E . , Teacher, S. 3, T. Blair, P. 0. Traverse City.
Hall, W. F . , Fanner and Stockraiser, S. 20, T. East Bay, P. 0. Addres s
.
643 East State Street, Traverse Cit\'. ·
Hall, W. W., Fanner, S. 17, T. Paradise, P. 0. Kingsley. 1900.
Hamilto n Clothing Co., Dealers in Men's and Boys' Clothing, Hats, Caps
.
. and Furnishing Goods, Trayerse City .
'
.
Hamlin, F. M., Farmer, S. 31, T. Blair, P . 0. Grawn. Mr. Hamlin was
born in New York in 1863 and is married to Retta \Vightman and
they have three children, J. Dorr, Leah and Retta. Mr. Hamlin
holds the office of Sttpervisor.
Hammer, Conrad, Farmer, S. 26, T. Mayfield, P . 0. Smmnit City. Mr.
Hammer was born in Canada in 1881 and came to Grand Traverse
County in his infancy.
Hanna, Thos. , Farmer, S. 30; T. Acme, P . 0. Elk Rapids. 1881.
Hannah & ·Lay Co., Dealers in Real Estate and City Property, Proprietors
of Flour Mills, Traverse City.
Hannah & Lay Mercantile Co., Uni\·ersal Providers, M. S. Sanders, Secretary and Treasurer, Traverse City.
Hargraves, M., Farmer, S. 32, T. Blair, P. 0. Monroe Center. Mr. Hargraves was born in Michigan, GranclTra,·erse County in 1875 and is
married to Gale Hanel. They h a,·e one child, named Chester Malcomb. Mr. Hargraves h as served as Justice of t he Peace.
H arner, M. B.. Dealer in Musical Instruments, Traverse City.
.
Harsh. ·s. R., Farmer and Produce Dealer, S. 30, T : Acme, P. 0. Elk
,. Rapids. 1884.
H astings, E. \V. &·Son, Real Estate and Insurance, Traverse City.
Hartline, T . F., Farmer, S. 18,T Green Lake, P. 0. Bendor. Mr. Hartline
was born in Michigan in 1867 and is m arried to Nora McDonald .
Mr. and Mrs . Hartline have fi\:e children, Margarete, Cleo, Grace,
l'Iarold and Gerold, the last two being twins, Mr. Hartline has
served as Highway Commissioner.

Hatfield, Frank, Fanner and ~tockraiser, S. 27, T. Garfield , P. 0. 'traverse Ci!\'. 1905.
Heim , Wm., F <irmer, S. 10, 1'. Blair, P. 0. Traverse City. 1865. i\1r .
Heim \\'aS born in Michigan in 1865 and was married to Mar\' A.
Lambert, to which union were born fi\·e 'c hildren, Ernest \:V., Mary
L., EYa B., Leah E. and Ruth B. Mrs. Heim died in 1906. Mr.
Hei!ll 's property is known as the Boardman· Rh·er Valley Stock
Farm.
Henschell, Gottlieb, Farmer, S. 30, 'I'. MayJield, P. 0. Buckle,·. 1889.
Mr. Henschell was born in R ussia in 1860 and is nlilrriecl to· Au"'us ta
Mat!1er. '~'hey have nit~e. children, :VI~ttilcia, Aqle, Kettie. Edwin,
Loms. Enul , Martha, \·VJlllam and Hattte. Mr. Henschell 's property
is known as the Dais\· Farm.
Herald and Record Co., Book, Catalogue·and Commercial Printe rs, Thos ..
T. Bates, President; Geo. G. Bates, Vice Pres ident· J. W. H annen,
Secretary; Clara N. Bates, Cashier; Traverse Cit)·. '
Hess, G . D., Fanner and Breeder of Wilks Horses aiHl Aberdeen Angus
Ca ttle, S. 13, T. Gr.een Lake, P . 0. Grawn. 1867. .Mr. H ess was
·
born in Michig a n, Grand Traverse County, in 1867.
Hessem, Jonas, Farmer, S . 31, T. Garfield , P.. 0 . Traverse Cit,·. 1876.
Heubel, \:Vm;~ Farmer, .Fruit Grower and Dairyman , S. 19, '1'. P~ninsula,
P. 0. lraverse Ctty. 1885.
.
Heuss, John T., Farmer and Fruit Grower, S. 17, T. Garfield, P. 0 .
Traverse City. 1893 . Mr. Heuss is Treasurer of Garfield' Township .
H~wett, Guy _A . , Farn,ler, S . 22, T. East Bay, P . 0. Traverse City. 1893.
Htckey, A. , I•anner, S. 20, T. Garfield, P. 0 . Traverse City. 1897 .
Hicks, Newel, Farmer, S. 30, T. Fife Lake, P. 0. Summit City. · 1899.
Hicks, Ralph, Farmer, S. 19, T. Fife Lake, P. 0. Summit City . 1899.
Hig bea, A. J . , Fanner and Breeder of Registered Dmoc Hoo-s S . 21 1'.
Paradise, P . 0. Sununit Cit\· . 1898.
<> '
'
Hill , F. E .. Farmer, S. 30, T . Blair, P. 0. Grawn. 1881. Mr. Hill was
born in Michigan in 1856 and is m arried to Elizabeth Dohertv and
they h aYe four children, Etta E . , Susie E.·, Maud E. and Fred E.
Hill, T·. R., F"mner, S. 2, T. Paradise, P. 0. Kingsley. 1880.
Hilliker, J. W., Member of State Board of Corrections and Charities and
Deputy Sheriff, 'fraverse City. 1893.
Hob~:·t, The, C.o., Proprietor of the City Book Store, Established 1881,
lraverse Ctty.
,. Hobbs, U. B., Farmer, S. 4 1 T . . W~lite\\:ater, P. 0. Williamsburg. 1885.
Mr. Hobbs was born m M1clngan m Grand Traverse County in 1885
and is marriecl to Florence \\' hea1. Mr. a nd Mrs. Hobbs are the
parents of twins, named Charles H . and Francis :v.r. Mr. Hobbs has
served as Town Clerk for the past three years.
Hoch, Edw. G., Fanner, S. 13, T. LongLake, P. 0. Traverse City. Mr.
Hoch's Farm is known as the Valley Home Farm.
Hodges, G. E., Mining and Real Estate, Fife Lake. 1869.
Hodges, J. S., Dealer in Gen eral Merchandise, Fife Lake.
Hodges, J . W., Farmer, S. 3, T. Fife Lake. P. 0. Fife J.,ake. 1904. ·
Hoeft in, Adam, Farmer and Dairyman, S. 4, T. Paradise P. 0. Kin,.sley.
1891. .
'
"'
Hoffman, Francis M., Farmer, S. 1, T. Pa~;:adise. P . 0. Kingsley. 1898.
Hoffman, John , Farmer and Fruit Grower, S. 33, T. Peninsula, P. 0.
Traverse City. 1879.
Holmes, 0. V., Farmer and Breeder of Roan Dnrham Cattle S. 19 T.
Fife Lake, P. 0. Summit Cit)'. 1881.
'
'
'Hoolihan, \Vm. Co. , Manutacturers of Harness and Dealers in Carriages,
\Vagons, Implements, Hardware, etc., 135 State Street, . Traverse
City.
Horton, \V. E ., Farmer, S. 7, T . Mayfield, P. 0 . Monroe Center. 1871.
. Mr. ~Orton ~vas b<;>rn ·in Grand T~a.verse County, Michigan, in 1871
and ts m arned J.;tlly A. Cox.
lhey have three children, Carra,
Harold and BLossom. Mr. Horton's property is known as Pleasant
Valley Farm.
Howard & Packard Land Company, Deal ers in Real Estate, B. A. Howard,
President, J . 0. Packard, Secretary, Cadillac.
Howe, J. C., Fruit Grower and Stockraiser, S. 25, T. Peninsula, P. 0.
Old Mission. 1900.
Hulett, S . I., Farmer, S. 32, T . Paradise: P. 0. Summit City.
Inglerig ht, W. H . , Fanner, S . 7, T. Green Lake, P . 0. Bendon. 1902.
. Mr. Ingleright was boru in Michigan in 1857 and is married to
Sophia Sidell. They have two children, the older one die~! at th~
age of 23 years, and Myria is married to \V. Marsh.
Inglis, John, Farmer, S. 26, T. Paradise, P . 0. Summit Citv. 1883.
Irish, Chas., Farmer, S. 31, T. East Bay, P. 0 . Trayerse City. 1907.
Jackson , Ge?. \V., Farmer a!1d Stockraiser,.Breeder of Speed Horses ana
Ayrshtre Cattle, S. ·7, r. Acme, P. 0. Elk Rapids.
· Jamieson, G . H., Farmer and Fruit Grower, S. 15, T . Penitumla, P. 0.
Old Mission. 1887.
Johnson, Chas. E., Livery and Sale Stable, Interlochen .
Johnson, H. H., Farmer, S. 21, T. Peninsula, P. 0 . Old Mission. 1874.
Mr. Johnson was. born in Gr~ud 'l'ravers~ County, Michigan, in 1874.
J ohnson, Wm. E ·., Frutt Grower , S. 8, T. Pemnsula, P. 0 . Traverse City.
1883.
Johnson, W. R., Farmer, S. 21, T. Peninsula, P. 0. Old Mission. 1868.
Mr. Johnson was born in Grand Traverse County, Michigan, in 1868.
Jones, Eel., Fanner, S . 2, T. U nion, P. 0. South Boardman. 1900.
Katz, C., Farmer and Township Clerk, Grawn.
Kellar, S. L., Farmer, S. 22, T. East Bay, P. 0. Traverse City. 1889.
Kelly, David G., Fanner and Fruit Gr ower, S. 4, T Peninsula, P. 0.
Traverse City. 1873. Mr. Kelly was born in Grand Traverse
Cotmty, Michigan, in 1873.
Kelley Lumber and Shingle Co., Manufacturers and Wholesale Dealers in
Lumber, Lath and Shingles, Cedar Products, vV . N. Kellev, President; W . L. Dewitt Vice President; W. P. Crotser, Secretary; G.
R. Becker, Treasurer, Tra ,·erse City.
Kennedy, John, Farmer, S. 34, T. Whitewater, P. 0 . Williamsburg. 1890.
Mr. Kennedy was born in Canada in 1860 and is m arried to Kate
.W"ildebrand and they haye three children, E lmer J., Mable E. and
John T.
Kingdon, Fred., Farmer, S. 17, T. Long L ake, P . 0. Traverse City.
1885. Mr. Kingdon was born in Kansas in 1872 and is married to
Mary Ruhl, to which union were born two children, Howard and
Karl.
Kingdon, H., Farmer, S. 20, T. J.,ong Lake, P. 0 . Traverse City. 1885.
Mt;;. Kingdon was born i1.1 Illinois in 1864 and is married to Nillie J .
Page. Mr. and Mrs. Kmgdon are the parents of tiJree children,.
Eva G., Jennie L . a nd Edith A.
Kirch, Peter, Farmer, S . 4, T . Paradise, P . 0. Kingsley. 1890.
Klingelschmitt, B., Farmer and Fruit Grower, S. 34, 'r. Paradise, P. 0 .
Summit City .• 1887.
.
Knapp, Henry, Farmer, S. 30, 1'. Paradise, P. 0. Summit City . 1882.
K neeland, Harold S., Secretary and General Manager of the Traverse City
Canning Co., Traverse City.
Knieper, Nicholas, Farmer and Stockraiser, S. 1, T. Acme, P. 0. Acme.
1893.
Knight, J;lred., Farmer, S . 19, T. Green Lak e, P. 0. Bendon. 1899. Mr.
Knight was born in New York in 1870 and is married to May
Marrell. They have two children, Fred and Halena.
Kratochvil, Frank, Farmer and Stockraiser, S. 25, T. Long Lake, P. 0.
Tra,·erse City. 1866. Mr. Kratochvil was born in Grand Traverse
County, Michigan in 1866. .
Kratocthvil, Wencel, Farmer, Fruit G rower and Stockraiser, S. ·zo, T.
Garfield, P. 0. Tnt,·erse City. 1855.

PATRONS '
Kratochvil, vVm. F. , Farmer, S. 25, T. Long T,ake, l'. 0. Tra~·er~e Cit~· ·
Mr. Kratochvil was. born in G ra nd T raverse County . :\Itclllgan m
1874 and is married to Mabel Attinger. They ha ve been blesse.ct
with four children, Florence, Edna, Ruth a nd Rlizabeth. Hts
property is known as the Lake View Fitnn.
:Krei,er Nick Farmer, S . 9, T. Paradise, P. 0. Kin,gsley. 1889. l\Ir.
Kreiser 'is the proprietor o f the Saloon in Kingsley.
Kreiser, Ralph, Farmer, S . 6, T. Mayfield, P. 0. Kingsley. 1883. l\Ir.
Kreiser was born in Miclligan in 1865 and is married to :\Iary Miller.
Thev have four chi ldren, Lena, Leo, Anna and Frnncy . His properl\:is known as the Crystal Spring Farm.
Kroupa, john, Fanner and Fruit Grower, S. 16, T. Peninsula, P . 0. Old
Mission . 1853.
Kroupa Bros. (Mark and Charles,) Fann ers, Fruit Growers and 1\Ien::hants,
S . 21 T. Pen insula, P. 0 . Traverse City.
Kubesh, Joi111 G . , F anner an(\ Supervisor, S . 12. T: Long _T--a~~· P. ~·
Traverse City. 1876. Mr. Kubesh was hom tn To\\'a 111 18t0 and ts
marrie(\ to Francis Lestina. They have fi1·e children, Sophia. Blanch,
Agnes, George and !Ya. His property is knO\\'n as the T\\'in Lake
Farm .
Kyselka, Anna, Fanning, S. 28, T . Gatiield, P. 0 . Tnwerse City. 1880.
La Bar, H. T4 . , Dealer in Drugs, Medicines, Books, Stationery, etc., Fife
Lake.
LaFayette, Arthur C. , Fa nn er a ncl Fruit Grower , S . 4, T. Peninsula, P . 0.
Traverse City . 1896.
Lake, .Edward G., Fanner, S. 8. T: Rast Ba1·, .P . 0. Tra1·.erse ,City. 189~.
Lalone, C. B., Farmer and Dealer w Gas Engmes, etc., S. 8, f. Acme, l .
0. Elk Rapids. 1907.
.
Lalone, :vt:. J., State Agent for Gas and Gasoltne Engines, Cream Separators Silos, etc., Tra1·ersc City.
Lambert, ;l'homas J., Farmer, S. 28, T;, East Bay, P. 0 .. T~n,·ers.e City.
Mr . Lambert was born in Grand lra1·erse County, Mtclugan, tn1838.
J,aming. A T4 ., Farmer, S. 20, T. Acme, P. 0. E lk Rapids. 1899.
Lang, Vv. p, Farmer, S . 36, T., Green Lake, P. 0 ..M~nroe ~enter. Mr .
J4 ang was born in Grand Traverse County, Mtclngan, 111 1884, and
his property is known as t~1e Maple Street Far~1.1.
Lardie, Mike, Farmer and Frmt Grower, 8 . 28, I . Peninsula, P. 0 .
Traverse City. 1869.
.
,
,.
Lardie. Peter F., Merchant, S. 22, T. Pemnsula, P . 0 . Tra1·erse C1ty.
1859.
.
Larson, Qle, Farmer and Fruit Grower, S. 33, T. Peninsula, P . 0 . Traverse City. 1882.
LeBaron, B., F armer, S. 34, T. Paradise, P. <?·.Mayfield. 1~03.
Lee, C. W., Fnrmer, S . 5, T. Acme, P. 0 . \V1lhamsburg. 1887.
Leggett, A. P., Farmer, S. 7, T. Mayfield,. P. _0. Mo!troe C~nter. 1880. ·
Mr. Leggett was born in New York 111 18:>6 amlts marned to. Alma
Runnolds . Mr. and Mrs. Leggett are the pare nts of seven chtldren,
Harry, Frank, Ray, Edward, Alice. Alma and Mary.
Leiter, J. G ., Far mer a nd Threshing Machine Operator, S. 30, T. Acme,
P. 0 . Elk R apids. 1868.
Le1,;s, N., Farmer and Stockraiser, S. 29, T. East Bay, P . 0 . 'Tra1·erse
City. 1903.
.
.
_
Linden, Val., Saloon, Liquors and C1gars, Kmgsley. 189"·,
Lindermnn, E . Y., Farmer, S. 13, T. ~ng .Lake,_ P. <?· Tr~verse City.
1853. Mr. Linderman was born 111 New \: ork 111 1832 and wns
married to Laura S hildon, who died in 1878. In 1882 he married
Amalia Thorp. His property is known as the E lm Grove Farm.
l ,ittle, A. E. , Insurance and Real Estate, Tra\'erse City. Mr . Little is a
Veteran of the Civil Vvar, having served in Company B of the 6th
Massnchusetts Volunteer Regiment a nd is at present Adjutant of the
G. A. R. ·and the Soldiers and Sailot·s Association .
Little L. Farmer S. 34, T. Paradise, P. 0. Kingsley. 1898.
Livingsto;t, Mrs. i., F arming, Fruit Growing, Stock and Poultry Raising,
S . 34, T. Acme, P. 0 . Acme. 1899.
Love, Abraham, Farmer and Stockraiser, S. 8, T. Acme, P. 0. Elk Rapids. 1866.
Lutman , Frank, Farmer and Fruit Grower, S. 31, T. Garfield, P . 0 . Tral·erse ~ty. 1872.
Lyle, L. J. , Fnrmer a nd Breeder of Holstein and Short Horn Cattle, S. 5,
T. Fife Lake, P. 0. Kingsley, 1889.
Lyon, A. , Fanner and Fruit Gt·o·wer, S. 33, T. Peninsula, P . 0 . Traverse
City. 1881.
Lyon, J . 0., Farmer and Fruit Grower, S . 34, T. Peninsula, P . 0. Traverse City. 1879.
l\1c.\lev D. R etired Farmer, Fife Lake. 1893.
NcCotitbs j. H. Farmer and Mason , S. 15, T. Grant, P. 0. Buckley.
188S. Mr: McComb was born in ::few York in 1863 and is married
to Lillie H elmer. They ha1·e six children, Daisy, Lloyd, Edwi n,
Ada, G len and Gladys.
. ·
McDonald, P . , F anner and Stockratser, S . 26, T. Acme, P. 0 . Elk Rapids . 1879.
McGill, john, Farmet:, S. 1,2, T. Lo!1g ~ake, P: 0. Tra1·erse City. . 1864.
Mr. McGill was born 111 Ontano, Canada 111 1860 and tS marrned to
Nora Morford. S ix children have blessed this union, Thomas ,
Henry J., Catherine a nd John (twins) , Francis M. and :\Iary A.
Mr . McGill's property is known as the Sunny Slope Farm.
Mcintyre Archie Farmer, S. 11, T. Green Lake. P. 0. Grawn. 1889.
Mr: Mcinty re was born in Canada in 1850 and is married to Carry E.
Taylor. His property is known as the Pleasant View Farm.
1\IcKinley, D., Farmer a nd Fruit Grower , S . 25, T. Peninsula, P. 0.
Traverse City. 1895.
McLaughlin, vVm., Farmer and Stockraiser, S. 27, T. Garfield, P . 0 .
Traverse Citv. 1878.
McManus, A. J . , Fruit Grower, S . 18, T. Peninsula, P. 0. Tra1·erse City.
1885.
Mc:vlanus, A. T. , Farmer and Fruit G rower, S. 14, T .. Peninsula!, P. 0.
Traverse ~ty. 1872. Mr. l\1c:Yianus was born m Grand Iraverse
County, Michigan in 1872.
McManus,. G . C., Farmer , S . 24, T . Paradise, P . 0 . Summit City. 1866.
Mc:vt:ullen, D. H . , Farmer and Fruit Grower, S. 19, T. Peninsula, P. 0 .
Traverse City. 1864.
McMullen E dward J., Fruit Grower , S . 19, T. Peninsula, P . 0. Traverse
~t/ Mr . Mc:i\'Iullen was born in Grand Traverse County, Michigan
in 1859.
McMllllen , F rank, Fanner and Dairyman, S . . 19, T. · \~ninsula, P . 0.
T raverse City. Mr. McMullen was born 111 Grand Ira,·erse County,
Michigan in 1868.
.
Macey, L., Farmer, S. 27, T. Para<hse, P ..o. Mayfield. 1883.
Manigold , David, Farmer.. S. 34, T., Paradtse, P . 0 . ~iayfidd. 1874. Mr.
Manigold was horn m Grand Traverse. County Ill 1874.
Manistee River Power Company, Traverse C1ty.
.Martin . C. I., Merchant, Interlochen. 1893. Mr. Martin was born in
New York in 1873.
Mason. Alex., Proprietor of the Willow D<'ile Flour Mills a nd the Willow
Dale S ummer Resort, ::>. 23, T. G.reen Lake, P. 0. 1\Ionroe Center,
1859. Mr. Mason was born in Michigan in 1842 and is marned to
Mary A. De.'llzell. They have two children, Isabella, who died in
1900, and Georgiana.
.
Masters, Prof. J. B., Superintendent of High Schools and Fruit Grower,
S. 30, T . Peninsula, P. 0 . Traverse City. 1904. Prof. :\lasters is
Principal of the High School.
Manville Chas. E . , Farmer and Fruit Grower, S . 5, T. Garfield, P. 0.
Tr~verse City. 1858. Mr. Mam·ille is proprietor cf the Cherry
Valley Fruit Farm.
.:Marshall R., Farmer and Raiser of White Crested Black Polish Poultry,
s. '28, T. Paradi~e. P . 0 . · Mayfield. 1902.

REFER ENCE

D IREC T OR Y.

Matchett, Thomas, F&nner a nrl Breeder of Short H orn Durham Cattle and
Lincolu Sheep. S . 2~. T . ::Hayfield, P. 0 . Summit City. 1866. 1\Ir.
Matchett was bom in Tt·eland in 1838 ancl is married to Lena McRill,
and t hey ha1·e three children , Frank D .. Effie !\lay and I ra R.
Mayhew, Dr. E. S. , Physician and Surgeon, Fife L:tke. 1907. Dr. !\layhew is Health Officer of Fife Lake.
Maynard, C C., Farmer. S . 4, T. Fife Lake, P. 0. Fife Lake. 1899.
Meddough, Ah·y, Farmer and Fruit Grower, S. 7, T. Paradise, P. 0.
Kingsley. 1896.
Melkl·ik, Isadore, Fanner, S . 19, T . East Bay, P . 0. Tra1·crse City.
1903.
.
Menzel, Henry, Farmer and Breeder of Poland China and Chester \Vhite
Hogs, S. 9. 1'. Paraclise, P. 0 . Kingsley. 1885.
Michels, \Vm. , Farmer, S. 12, T . Grant, P. 0 . i\Ionroe Center. 1898.
Mr. Michels WdS born in M ichiga n in 1869 and is married to l\lary
Ockerd. M r. and i\Irs. Michels have six children, Annie, Tony,
Albert, Lawrence, Edna and Gust. !\Ir. Michels' p t·operty is known
as the Sunny Side Farm.
Michigan State Telephone Company, Frank O'Brien, District Manager,
Tra1·erse City.
1\lilks, Ezra, Farmer, S. 2, T. Paradise. P. 0 . King-sley. 1869.
Milks, Leonard; Farmer and Breeder of Durham Cattle, Poland China
Hogs and Plymouth Rock Chickens, S . 12, T. Paradise, P. 0 .
Kingsley. 1869.
Miller, A. D .. Farmer and Fruit Grower, S. 31, T. Eas~ Bay, P . () . Traverse City. 1887.
Miller, G. W .. D.tiry F armer and Stockraiser, S. 15, T. Garfield , P. 0.
Tra1·erse City.
Miller, Jos. l\1., F armer and Fruit Gro\\'er, S. 8, T. Garfield, P . 0. Tra,·erse City. 1884.
Miller, J. W., Farmer, S . 22, T. Garfield, P. 0. Tra,·erse City. 1890.
Mills, J. G., Fruit Grower, S. 10, r. Peninsula, P. 0. Old Mission. 1859.
1\Iocko, Tony, Farmer, S. 33, T. Paradise, P. 0. Summit City. 1893.
Moffatt, O. C., Abstracts of Titles. 210 State Bank fiuildi ng, Tra1·erse City.
Monroe, Bert, Farmer and Stockraiser, Breeder of D·aft Horses, S. 34, T .
Garfield, P. 0. Tra1·erse City . 1892.
Monroe, C. II .. Farmer, S . 30, T. Blair, P . 0 . Grawn. 1359. Mr. Monroe
was born in New York in 1844 and is married to :\'Iary S. Vlightman.
They have three children, Harry S . , Carry B., and V i d:~ C. Mr.
Monroe served in the capacity as Supervisor for fifteen years. His
property is known as the Elm Hurst Farm.
Monroe & McWethy, General Insurance, Real Estate and Loans, 311
·wilhelm Block, Tra1·er~e City.
Montague, C., Farmer and Fruit Grower , S. 17, T. Peninsula, P. 0.
Traverse City. 1869. 1\lr. :\Iontague was born in Grand Traverse
County in 1869.
Moore, M. T., Farmer, S. 28, T. Whitewater, P . 0 . Elk Rapids. 1894.
Mr. Moore was born in Michigan in 1850 and was married to
Jenette Smith. They ha 1·e one child, named Earnest A. Mrs .
Moore died in 1900.
Moran, Th')mas, Farmer, Fruit Grower aud Stockraiser, S. 5, 1'. Acme,
P . 0 Williamsburg. 1902.
Morgan, B. J., Proprietor of the Pioneer Li1·ery Stable, Tra,·erse City.
Morse & Kent, (Misses Anna Mors~ a nd Eliza Kent), Fruit Growers, S .
8, T. Penipsula, P. 0. Old :\fission. 1898 .
Mox, Henry, Liyery, Sal e and Boarding Stable, Kingsley.
Muehling, B., Farmer, S. 3, T. Paradise, P. 0 . Kingsley. 1885.
Mull, \Valter, Farmer and Stockraiser, S. 36, T. Acme, P . 0. Elk Rapids.
1881.
Mullen, Robert, Fanner and Fruit Grower, S . 19, T. · East Bay, P . 0.
Tra1·erse Citr. 1855.
N elson, A. \V. , Farmer, S. 6, T. Garfield, P. 0 . 'rra,·erse City . 1898.
Nelson, C. F. 0., Farmer and Fruit Grower, S. 33, 1'. Peninsula, P . 0 .
Tra1·erse City. 1875.
Nelson, W m. , S. 34, T. Paradise, P . 0. Summit City. 1832.
Nelson, Wru. j. , Farmer and Breeder of Durham Cattle, Percheron Horses,
S. 9, T. Blair, P. 0 . T ra1·erse City. 1866. ;.\Ir. Nelson was bortt in
Grand Traverse County, Michigan, in 1866, and is married to Licla
Breckel. Mr. and Mrs. Nelson are the parents Of two children, John
Vv. and Louisa C. Mr. Nelson's property is known as t he Honey
Bee Farm.
Nerli uger, Amil F., Lawyer, 212 State Bank Building, Traverse City.
Newcomb, David B., Dair)' Farmer ancl Stock raiser, S. 7, T . Acme, P . 0 . .
E lk Rapids, 1861. Mr. Newcomb's p roperty is known as the Sunm·
Side Dairy Farm.
·
NewcombJoltn, Farmer, S. 18, T . Acme, P . 0. E lk Rapids. 186~.
Newell, C. L .. Farmer, S. 22, T. Union, P. 0 . Fife Lake. Mr. Newel was
born In Grand Tra1·erse County, :i\Iichigan in 1880.
Newmarch, Da1·id, Farmer, S . 5, T. Fife To~ake, P . 0. Kingsley. 1873.
Newmarch, Thompson, Farmer and Stockraiser, S. 13, T. Paradise, P. 0.
Kingsley. 1873.
,
Nickerson, E. A., Farmer, S . 1, T . Mayfield , P . 0. Kingsley. 1869. Mr.
Nickerson was bom in Grand l'ra1·erse County, Michigan in 1869
and is married to Lucy M. Jones and they ha\·e five children, St .
Clair, D. Volney, Gladys, Sterling and Shelby. Mr. Nickerson's
property is known as the Mount Hope Farm.
Nickerson, E mery, Farmer, S . 12, T . Mayfield, P . 0. Kingsley. 1870.
Mr. Nickerson was bors in Grand Tuverse County Michigan,
in 1870 and is married to Jennie Hunt a nd they ha1·e two children, 1\Iarie and Glen. Mr. Nickerson's property is known as the
Idle Wild Farm.
Nickerson , Sam .. F<~rmer, S. 11, ·r. Mayfield, P. 0. King§ley. ' 1867 .
Mr. Nickerson was born in Grand Traverse County, :vt:ich!gan in
1862 a nd is married to Emma Gravell. :vir. and Mrs. :::fickerson are
the parents of seven children. 'Williard, Pauline, Amos, S usie, Elsie,
R alph and Donald. His property is k nown as t he Clo1·er nlossom
F arm.
Nicklos, Daniel, Farmer, S . 5, T. Blair, P. 0. Tra1·erse Cit-·. 1854.
Nicklos, Joseph , Farmer and Breeder of Durham and Holstein Cattle, S.
5. T. Blair, P. 0. Tra1·erse City. 1854. Mr. Nickols was born in
Germany in 1832 and is married to Anna Dark . They ha,·e fi1·e
children, Elizabeth, Lena, ·Martha, John and Daniel. :\Ir. Nichol's
property is known as t he Lake View Farm.
North, Arthur, Farmer, S. 23, T. Long Lake, P . 0 . T ra,·erse City. 1903.
Mr. North was born in Indiana in 1869 anrl is married to Addie
Furby. Mr. a nd Mrs. Nort h have fou r chil(\ ren, Guy, Orley, Karl
and Wolter.
Northern Michigan Asylum , J . D. Munson , l\I. D., Superintendent, Tril,yerse City. Established 1881.
Norton, Frank, Farmer, S. 1, T. Blair. P. 0. Tra,·erse City. 1368. l\Ir .
Norton was born in I ll inois in 1865 and is married to Emeline
Broadhagen and t hey ha1·e four children, Uritia, E 1·a, Gilbert and
Howard.
·
Olds, H. H ., Farmer, S. 29, T. Green Lake, P. 0 . Bendon.
Olson, J ohn, Farmer and Stockraiser, S . 35, T . Acme, P . 0. Elk R apids .
1903.
Olson, Peter, Farmer, S . 5, T . Fife Lake, P . 0. Kingsley. 1903.
01·al \Vood Dish Co., The, Manufacturers of o,·al Wood Dishes, H . S.
Hull, President; J. :\1. Longnecker, Secretary and Treasurer; A. L.
Fleck, General Agent: W. C. Hull,. Vice President and General
Manager; F. :\'I. Longnecker, Assistant Secretary and l\Ianager of
Sales, Tra,·erse City.
Pahl, Peter, Farmer, S. 17, T. Mayfield, P. 0. Kingsley. 1896. Mr. Pahl
was born in Ohio in 1854 and is married to Catherina Courtate, and
they lta,·e four children, Clara, Ernest, Daniel and Karl.

Park ~'lace Hotel, W . 0. Holden. Manager, Tra1·erse City.
Patcl11n, J. \V., Lawyer, 405 New \ Villtehn Block, Tra1·erse City.
Paul, John F., Farmer, S. 23, T . Grant, P. 0 . Wexford . 1887. Mr. Paul
was bom in New York in 1840 and is married to Lizzie Cochran and
they ha,·e four children, \Vi lbur B., john, Asa and Ada. l\Ir. Paul
is a \' eteran of the Civil War, having enlisted in the 3rd :\Iichigan
Ca\'alry Regiment and sen·ed until the close of the war.
Pease, V., Fa nner, S . 18, T. Mayfield, P. 0. l\Ionroe Center. 1876. Mr.
? ease ~~·a> born in Grand Tra1·erse County, 1\Iichigan, in 1876 and
IS marned to Priorah Simons.
Mr. and :\lrs. Pease ha1·e two children, ~eal a nd Oli1·e.
Peck, C. H., Fanner. S . 35, T. Guion , P. 0. Fife Lake. 1879. 1\Ir. Peck
is serving as Highway Comn tissioner of union Township.
Pender, William, Farmer, S. 9, T. Fife Lake, P. 0. Fife Lake. 1880.
Pennington. \Villis, Dealer in Drugs, Medicine and Cigars, etc. , Interlochen.
People's Sa1·ing Bank, General Banking, C. A . Ha•nmonrl, Cashier,
Tra1·erse City.
Pepper, Kelson, Farmer, S. 20, T. Io~ong Lake, P. 0 . Tra1·erseCity . 1896.
Mr. Pepper was born in MichiJ.ran in 1859 and is marrie.l to Emma
Clark. They ha1·e three children, Oren, :\I. Della and :'llildred.
l\Ir. Pepper's property is kno wn :.ts the Sunny Slope Farm.
Peterson, P . T., Rlacksmitlt and Wagon Maker, Fife lAke.
Peterson, Theoclore, Farmer, S. 29, T. Garfield . P. 0 . Tra1·erse Cit,·. 1884.
Petertyl. Victor, Manufacturer of C.uriages, Wagons and Sleighs, ·Traverse
City.
Phiilips, Hope, Dair y Fanner, S. 7, T. Acme, r. 0. Elk Rapids. 1853.
PJ:tillips, Hot·ace, Fanner, S. 12, T. Acme. P. 0. B:lk Rapids. 1S.5S.
P.t erce, Clement, Farmer, S. 1, ·T. Paradise, P. 0. Kingsley. 188~ .
Pterce, F. :'11., Fanner, S. 18, T . Fife Ltke, P . 0 . Kingsley. 18)6.
.Platt, Wm., F&rmer, Fruit Grower a n.! Stockraiser, S. 18, T. P..tndi.se, P.
0. Kingsley. 1866.
Phtcker, Sanford, Farmer, Fruit Grower and Stockraiser, S. 21. T. Garfield, P. 0. Tral'erse Cit-·. 1\lr. Plucker was born in Gratlfl Traverse
County, :vt:ichigan, in 1866.
Pool, 0. V., Farmer, S . 7, T. East Bay. P. 0 . 1'ra1·erse City. 1818.
Porter, C. L., Farmer: and llreetler of Shire Horses and High Gr,ule Cattle,
Hogs a nd Sheep, S. 28, T. Paradise, P . 0. Summit City. 190.:1-.
Potrafke, G . E ., Farmer, S. 24, 1'. Long Lake, P. 0. Traverse City. 1889.
Mr. Potrafka was born in Germany itt 1872 and is married to Christina Chesnow, a nd they have five children, Minn ie, \Villia!n, Clara,
Susie an~! :V!arjori e. Mr. Potrafke's property is known as the Prospect Hetghts Farm.
Pratt & Davis, Law and Loan Office, E 1lwiu S . Pratt, Harry C. Davis,
Fred H . Pratt, Tra1rerse Cit1·.
Pray, A ..S., Farmer, S. 35, 1'. Wliitewater, P. 0. Mabel. Mr. Pray was
born in New York in 1853 and is married to Carrie A. Estes. :i\Ir.
and Mrs. Pray are the parents of ten children, \Vm. \V., A. C., Cliforcl B. , Cora, Ashley, Mortimer, Ethel, Hazen, Glad."s and Octavia.
Pray, E . 1'. , Fann er, S. 2, 1'. Whitewater, P Q. Mabel.
Priday, C. H ., Dairyman and Stockraiser, S . 22 ,' T. Garfield , P . 0. Traverse City, Box 253. 1902.
Prindle, Andrew, Farmer, S. 17, T. Fife f-'::tke, P. 0. Kingsley. 1886.
Prouty, Ed., Fanner, S. 22. T. East Bay, P . 0 . Tra1·erse City. Mr.
Prouty was born in Grand Traverse County, i\Iichigan. in 18SS.
Pttn·is, & Co., Livery, Feed ancl S<tles Stable, 120 State Street West,
Tra1·erse City.
Quackenbush, E. P . , De::tler in Groceries, Fife Lake.
Queen City Implemen t Co., L . 0. Rice, :vt:anager, Dealers in :::liachinery,
Implements, Buggies, Hamess and Fanners' Supplies of all kinds,
128 :Front Street, Trm·erse City.
Radcliffe, \Vm , Farmer, S . 5. 'T. East Bay, P . 0 . Tra\·erse City. Mr.
Radcliffe was born in Grand Tra1·erse County, Michigan. in 1881. _
Raftery, John, Farme~ and Stockraiser, S. 14, T. Paradise, P. 0 . Kingsley.
1869. Mr. Raftery's property is known as the Spring Creek Farm.
Ramsay, W. D., Farmer and Threshing !\'lachine Operator, S. 33, T.
G ra nt, P. 0. Nessen City. 1877. Mr. Ramsay was bom in Michiga n in 1857 and is married to Emma Lawrence. and se1·en children
have blessed this unio n, Fern, John, Clare, Isabella. Frieda, Perry
a nd Carry. Mr. Ramsey's property is known as the Poplar Grove
Farm.
Rarick, Geo., Farmer and Breeder of Coach Horses, S. 28, T. Paradise, P.
· 0. Mayfield. 1890.
·
R a~ ho, F reeman , Farmer, S. 34, T . East Bay, P. 0. Traverse City. 1875.
Rawlings, E. G., Farmer, S . 15, T . Mayfield, P. 0. Kingsley . 1376. Mr.
Rawlings was born in Grand Tra1·erse County, Michigan. in 1876
and is man;ed to Maggie Kuepp, and they ha1·e two children.
Rawlings, Irwin, ·Farmer, S. 16, T. Mayfield, P . 0. Kingsley. 1879. Mr.
Rawlings was born in G ra nd T raverse County, Michigan. in 1879
and is married. There are three children in the family . His
property is known as tlte Shady Nook Farm.
Razey, W. B., Farmer, S. 35, T. U nion, P . 0. Fife Lake. 1885.
R eid , R. H., Farmer, S. 23, T. Acme, P. 0 . Elk R api(\s . 1871.
Reynolds, D. W. & Son, Dealers in General Merchandise, Fresh and Salt
Meats, Grawn .
Rice, Chas. D., Farmer and Poultry Raiser, S. 18, T . East Bay, P. 0.
Traverse ~ty . 1901.
R ichardson, J. 0 .. Farmer, S. 19, T. Peninsula, P. 0. Tra1·erseCity. 1904.
Rickert!, L . C .. Farmer, S. 14. 1'. Whitewater, P. 0 . Williamsburg. 1859.
Mr. Rickercl was born in Michigan in 1845 and was married to Clista
Case, who died· in 1887. Tn 1888 he married Catherine Show. His
property is known as the Maple Gro1·e Farm.
R ickerd. A. W. , Dealer in Hig h Grade Monuments, Markers and Headstones, 321 Bay Street, Traverse City.
Riley, Geo. A .. Farmer, S . 35, T . Grant , P . 0. Nessen City. 1902. Mr.
Riley was born in Michigan in 1875 and is married to 1\. C. Wall.
He bas sen·ed as Town Clerk for four ,·ears.
Riley, John A. , Fanner, S. 35, T. Grant, P. 0. Nessen City. 1902. Mr.
Riley was born in :vlichigan in 1873 and is married to l\lary Nickerson.
R obar, Chas. , F armer and Fruit Grower, S. 4, T. Peninsula. P. 0. Traverse
~ty.
1904.
Roberts, John, Proprietor, Kingsley Sale St!!bles, Kingsley. 1889.
Robertson , James, Farmer and Stockraiser, S . 32, T . Garfield , P . 0 . Traverse City. 1866.
R obertson , Wm. A., Farmer and Theshing Machine Operator, S . 15, 1'.
Gratit, P . 0 . Buckley. 1874. :\'I r. R obertson was born in Grand
T raverse County, Michigan, in 1874 and is married to Clara :\'I cComb,
and they have t hree children, Roland G ., Alfred R. and Gerald C.
Mr. Robertson is Treasurer of Grant Township.
R odie, Peter, Farmer, S. 32, T. Paradise, P. 0. Summit ~ty. 1891.
Rogers, Frank W., Fanner, S. 18, T. Union , P. 0. Mayfield. 1900.
Rogers, George. Farmer, S. 33, 1'. Garfielcl, P. 0. TraYerse City. 1896.
Rogers, H . B., Fntit Grower. S. 12. T. Fife Lake, P. 0 . Fife Lake . 1890.
Rogers, Theo .. Farmer, S. 18, T. Union, P. 0 . Mayfield. 1900.
Rollo, Grant, Farmer, Kingsley . Mr. R ollo was born in Grand Traverse
County·, Michigan, in 1882.
- Roush , DaYid, Farmer and Threshing Machine Operator, S. 19. T. E ast
Bay. P . 0 . Tra,·erse City. 1867. His property is known as the
Colcl Spring Dairy Farm.
Roush, Geo., Farmer, S. 26, T. Garfield , P. 0 . Traverse City. 1887.
Rudert. Frank, Farmer, S. 20, T. Ga'r field , P. 0. Tra,·erse City. Mr.
Rudert was born in Grand Tra1·erse County, l\Iichigan, in 1880.
Runk, J. Cle\·elaud, Teacher. Tra1·ers.e City. Mr. Runk was boru in Gmnd
Tra\'erse County. l\Iichigan.
Rusch, Paul, Farmer, S . 30, T. Garfield, P. 0. Traverse City, Lock Box:
206. 1904.

PATRON$'
';,

Sachtleben Henry, Farmer, S. 6, T. Garfield, P. 0 . Traverse ~ty. 1882.
Mr. Sachtleben's property is known as. the Pleasant V1ew Farm.
Santo John R. Gene~;al Insurance, Traverse C1ty.
M
Saunclers, Abe: Fanner, S. 12, T. Green ·Lake, .P . 0. ~rawn . x r.
.
Saunders was born · in Canada .in. 1864 and 1s -marned to Pearl
·
3arnard and they have two "cluldren, Bethel and John. Mr ·
Saunders' property is known as the Saunders Home~tead.
Sawy er Frank F armer S. 8, T. l!!air, P. 0. T ravc:rse C1t>:. 1893. M;.
Sawy er ~as born' in Michigan in 1868 and IS marned to Mattie
N'ichols . They have two children, Leon D . , and_l\~yrtle R. M~'.
Sawye.r bas h eld the offi<:e of !lighway Conmuss10ner and h1s
propertv is known as the \Vmner Farm.
Saxton. w.
Farmer and Breeder -of Durh.a m Cattle, S. 18, 1'. Fife
Lake, P. 0. Kingsley . 1868. ,
.
. .
Sayers, Alexander, Farmer, S. 34, r .. Parad1se, P. 0. Kmgsley · 1878 ·
Savers, Frank, Farmer, S. 33, T; Parachs~, P. 0. Ma>:field. , 1882S
Sayers, Herbert, Farmer, -S. 36~ r. Parad 1s~, P. 0. Kmgsle). 18 2 ·
Sayler. Everts, Farmer, S. 19, r. Elk Rap1ds. 1878 ..
Savlor, B. Frank, Real E state and Pro~uce Buye~, :rci ngsley . 1890.
School District No . 2, Thomas Pray, D1rector, W1lhan~sburg.
~ School District No. 3, F. E. Sours, Director, El~ ~ap1ds.
School District No. 4, R. D .. White_, Director,_ \~J!Iham sburg.
School District No. 5, K. Stites, Director, W!lham sbur~.
.
Schuster, Joseph , F armer · and Stoclp-aiser, S. 21, 1. Parad1se, P. 0.
.
• Summit City. ' 1883.
. ··
•
.
p o
Schetterly Henry Farmer and Frmt Grower, S. :>, T. Penmsu1a, ·
·
Tra~erse· City. Mr. Schetterly wa s born in Grand Traverse Co~mty,
Michigan , in 1862.
•
.
Schofield, E. M .. General Insurance Agency, 329 South Umon Street,
Travers e City.
.
Secor, R.. Farmer, S . 24, T. Long Lake, ~- 0. ~raver~e C1ty .. 1859. ~r.
Secor was born in Ontario, Canada, 111 185:> and IS marned to Leah
Jakes. They have six children, Philli1~. Ella, Clara, J~seph , Ethel
ami Birdie. Mr. Secor's property is known ns the I•ox Hunters
Lodge.
.
.
K'
1
Seegmiller, Jnke, Farmer, S. ~ ~· 1'. Parad1se, P. 0 . 1_ngs ey.
Seeley, C. L., Farmer, S. 32 , 1 . Acm e, P. 0. Elk _Rap1ds . 1868.
Seeley, H. G., Farmer; S. 3, T. Paradise, P. 0. Km&'sley . 1888_.
S h ane, T hom as, Proprietor of ? h an e Sales Stable! fraversc: C1ty . 1867.
Sharkey John Farmer S. 7, 1. East Bay , P. 0. 1raverse C1ty . 1882 .
Shearer,' G . A.', Farme;, S. 17, T . Long J~ake, P. 0 . Trave: s e. City .. 1876.
Mr . Shearer was born in Grand Travers~ Co un~y , Mici;t,gan Ill 1876
and is married to J..ouise Gitchel. He IS servm g as lown Cler k,
.
which office h e has held for the past four y_ears .
.
,
Sherman & Hunter, P roprietors of the New Clothiers and Funus h ers, fraverse City.
·
·....-.
Slmter , F. L ., Agent for Farmers' Su pplies, Cream . Separators, Gas ~~~"'in es etc
50 West T enth St reet, Traverse City. 1888.
Skinn; r , F ; erl \V., F armer and Stockraiser, S. 35, T. G rant, P. 0 . Nessen
I
1869 M
City . 1877 .
.
Smith , A. \ V., F arm er ,_ S . 2_D, _T. Mayfield ,_ P. 0. _Buck ey ._ .
. : r.
.
S mit h was born m Oh1o m 1860 and 1s marn ed . to Lillie P luck c:r.
Mr. an d Mrs . Smith ar e the parents of three cluldre n, Edna, Anll
and F loyd.
,
fi 11 1898
Smith David Farmer, S . 8, T. East Bay , P. 0. May e <.
.
Smith: Fra nk, F armer , S . 25, 'f: Green ~ake, P. 0. Monr?e _Cente_r.
1868. Mr. S mith was born .m Grand rraverse County, ~~hclnga n , 111
1868 ami is r.i1'1frr ied to ·susen Hill. They h~v~ tl~ree clnlclrc:n. Marg arete E., H elen F. and Frankie M. Mr. Snnth s property IS k 1_1own
a s Maple IIill F a rm. · ·
. ,.
Sm~th, Geo. B., Farmer, S . _
25, T. :aradise, ,l'· 0; Sum~111 t C1 ty . 1906.
Sm1th , J oe, F armer nnrl FrUit Grower, S. 3, f . Acn~e , .I. 0: Ac,me . Mr.
Smith was born in Gm:1 ~l Trave~·s e County,, Mi ch~ga;~· 111 18? 1.
S mith , J. F. , Fanner, S . 32, l. P aradis e, P. 0. Smmm t C1ty . .1874.
Smith, Thomas J., Mer chant, Mayfi eld. 1900.
Smith, Vern, Farmer , S . 35, T . Acme, P. 0. Acme! Box, 73 .. 1876.
Smith, Wm. H. , F anner , S. 26, T. Garfield, P. _0 . frav_e rse S,1ty . 1 89~.
Smith, \V. W. , Man ager , Hannah_& Lay Co._, Flour :.Vl!!l.s, l 1:~v er~e C1ty .
S m ith & Price, Photog raphers, 32:> South ~ mon Street, l rave1se C1ty .
Smit h R ealty Co. , Real Estate, T raverse C1t y .
.
-smurthwaite & Alway, (T hom as S mu~thwaite , Cur tis D . A1: vay ,) Attorn ey s
and Counselors at Law, !\l[arl;dla!u Block , T~<! verse C_1ty.
S n ell , Robert N. , F arm er and Stoc.-r mser, S. 23, I. Pararhse, P . 0. Summ it City . 1881.
.
Snyd er, C. R. , Dealer in Fa rm Products, Kmgsley. •
.
S nyder, Geo. H . , F arm er , S; 20, T: East Bay, ~ - 0. _rraverse C1ty . 1?06.
Snyder, Pet er , Farmer and Stockrmser , ?· ~6. 1: Mayfield, P .. 0 . Kmi:{sl ey.
1900. Mr. S nyd er was bornm1Vllcluganm18_78 and IS m arn ed to
:\inry F ossel. They h ave t wo children, Martm all(l F.dward . Mr.
S nyder 's property is known as tl~e Peter Snyder Stock Fm:m.
Sours, Frank E . , Farmer , -?· 4, T. Wl!:t ewater, P. 0 . . E lk . ~~pid s . 1879·.
Mr . Sours was born m Grand I raverse County , M1clu gan, and IS
mnrried to Matilda Munro. Mr . and Mrs. Sours nre the parents of
four children, J.,ucil e M., Iva n J. , Munro an d H_e lena .
.
Sours Lowell F armer a nd Stockraiser. S. 4, T . Wh1tewater , ~- 0 . E lk
'Rnl)ids .' Mr. Sours' p rop erty is known as the S unset V:I ~w Farm.
-.. · Sou th Side Lumber Co. , Manufacturers and \:<.:holesale and ~ etaI! Dealers
in Lumber , Lath , S hi ng les, ·· D<?ors , W'mdows, ~oul<h.n gs , an<! Bo~
S hooks, \Valter N . Kelley, P res!dent; W. J.,. D ewitt, V1ce I r es1de!1t ,
·"\V. P . Cr6tser , Secretary ; \ V. W. Parr, Treasurer and Manager ; :>15
Lake Ave., T raverse City.
·
.
.
•
·
Sparling, Alom:o, F nrm er , S . 12, '1'. Pam clise, P . 0. Kmg~l e.l_' . 188:>. Mr.
. S parling is a native of Gr and Traverse County , M1clngan, a nd was
born in 1885 .
..
-·s parling, Geo . C. , F arm er , S . ll ,_T. Par a<lise,_ P. 0 . Kmp-sley . 1867.
Sparling, ·w esley, S . 12, T. Parad1se,_ P. 0. Kmg~ley . 1867 .
.· Springer, David J.. Farmer a nd Fnut Grower, S . 23, T . Garfield , P . 0.
.
· . . Tra,·erse C1ty . 1900.
. .
Spruit, C., Fruit Grower, S. 34, T .· Peninsula , ~- 0 : <?ld MlSS!pn , _or 220
Caldwell Street, Jack sonYille, Ill. M'r . Sprmt 1s Teach er Ill the
Jack sonville, Ill. , Sch ool for Deaf.
Spuhr, R . E. J ., Farmer , S . 18,_ T . Un ion,
0 . ,Mayfiel_d . 1906.
.Stanek , e has. , F anner and Frmt G rower, ~- 17, r . Pemns u la, P. 0. Old
Mission. 1876.
•
.
Stanek, J oseph, Farmer and Fruit Grower, S . 17, 1'. P emnsula, P. 0. Old
Mission. 1876.
~- .
,
,
,
St edman, J. D., Fnrmer and l' r tnt Grower, S. 3, 1. Acme, I. 0. Acm e .
.
1878.
St eel e, C. A., Farmer, S . 24, T . UJliQn , P. 0 . Fife !~ak e . 1900.
S teele, G . M. , Farmer , S. 11 , T. Fife .~ake, ~ - 0 . bfe r~ake .• . 1 8~~­
Steven s; O . P . , Fruit Grower, s, 22, l. P enms ula , P. 0 . 11ave1se City .
1898.
·
·
1 p 0
Stevenson , \Vm .' R . , Farm er am i Stockr aiser, S. 28 , T. Pemnsu a, .
.
Traverse City. 1892.
,
.
,,
.
Stigar, Geo. L ., F armer, S . 19, f . East Bay, P . 0 .. I rave;se C1ty . 1880.
S tinson. A. B ., Deal er in Dry Goods _and Grocenes, K m gsley. H e is
holding office as P ostmaster of Kmgsley .
, .
S tites, B. A. , F armer a nd Fruit Grower, S . 16, T. E as t Bay, P . 0 . 'lrav-.
.
. .
1862
erse City . 1860.
Stites, Kossuth, Farmer , S. 27, T . \Vhitewater, P. 0 . \V1!hamsburg..
.
- Mr. Stites was born in Ohio in 1851 and was marned to J enme Sco-

s.,

'!'·

REFERENCE

'

DIRECTORY .

-..

field·, to··which union was born _one o::hild, 1ianieo :May_: H!s· wife
died in 1878 and in 1880 he m arned ~1bby Eaton_s a n d t h1s umon h as
been blessed with n ine children, Wilbur, Jenn.le, Emma, Georg e,
John , Albert, Ella, Blanch and Arthur. Mr. Stites serves as Supervisor which office he ha s held for the p ast two years.
.
Stites, \Vellington , Farmer a n d Fruit Grower, S. 10, T. Acme, P. 0. Acme.
1860. Aug. , Farmer and Stockraiser, S. 10, T . Parad.1se, P . 0 . K'mgsStockfisch,
Jey. 1900.
.
.
899
Stockfisch, \Valter, Farmer, S. 6, T. Fife Lake, p , 0. ~111gsley., 1
:
Stone, F. \V., Farmer .and Fruit Gr ower, S. 34, T. Pen~nsula , I. ;0 .. Old
.
Mission. Mr. Stone is a native of Grand Traver.se County, Mtclugan,
·a !id was born in 1857.
· ·'
Storr:s L ois, Farmer and Breeder of Jersey Cattle, S. 28, T: Paradise, P.
. 'o. Siuumit City. 1878
.
Stover, J. E., Farmer, S. 13 , 'l'. ~ong ~ake,. P. 0_. Trave_rse C1ty. 1882.
Mr. Stover was born in Ind~ann 111 187:> ~nd IS ma_rn~d to, ~1ary .E.
· ·Brooks. \ They have one ch1ld, named V1rna. Mr ., Stov~r s property .is kf!own as the Pleasant Valley Farm.
.
Strait, F. W., Fanner, S . 34, T. Ea~t Bay, P . 0. Traverse _C1ty. 1890.
Strohm, C. J., Farmer, S. 2, 'f. Blmr, P. 0. Traver~e .C1ty .. 1871. 1\Ir.
Strohm was born in Grand Traverse County , M1chtgan, 111 1871 and
is married to Mary From holtz. Th,e y have thr~e children , Herbert,
\Villiam a nd Francis. Mr. Strohm s property IS known as t h e Cherr y Grove Farm.
.
•
S undien, 0., Farmer and FrUit Grower, S. 4, f. Peninsula, P . 0. Traverse
City.' 1880.
.
.
Sunquist, Peter, Farmer and Fru1t Grower, S. 18, T. Pemnsula, P. 0.
Traverse City . 1882.
.
Swaney, Geo. F., Fruit Grower and Buyer, S. 34, T. Penmsula, P. 0. Old
Mission. 187 5.
Swain ston, David A., Farm.er, S. 3~, T. Blair, ~- 0. ~ingsley_. 1867 .. Mr.
Swainston was born Ill Ontano, Canada, 1~1 18.:>4 and IS marned to
Mary E. Saunders. Mr. and Mrs . Swam~ton are the parents of
three children , Owen C. , Orton T. and Dav1d, Jr.
.
Swainston Bros. , Farmers and Fruit Growers, S. 8, T . Paradise, P . 0.
Kingsley.
Sweet , c .. w., Farmer, S. 2, T. Paradise, P . 0. Kingsley. 1878.
'l'h·tcker Quincy A. Fanner, S . 18 , T. Acme, P. 0. E lk Rapids . 1862.
Th~mas,' \V . L., Fr~it Grower , S . 36, T. Peninsula, P. 0. Traverse C.'ity .
1899.
,,
Tlmrtell Francis, G eneral Manag er , I he Grand Traverse Land and J~oan
C~., Real E state, Traverse City .
Tibbits, Wm. , Farmer and Fruit Grower_, Acm e. 1866.
Tilla paug h, J. C., Post master a nd Propnetor of Hotel and Meat Market,
Interlochen.
. .
?
•
. .
Tompkins, J. A., Farmer and 1·~mt. GJ;ow e~, S. -7, f. Pen m s ula, P. 0.
Old Mission . . Mt. Tompkms IS a nalw e of G rand Traverse Col}nty ,
Michigan, a nti was born in 1 ~69 .
,
Tompkins, W . G ., F anne,r ,anrl ~rm ~ G ro w~r, S . .:>, T. Penins ula , P. 0.
Old Mission, Mr. l'Ompk:ms IS a natl\·e of Grand Tra,·erse County ,
~i!chigan, and was born in 1~?2·.
.
?
,
.
'Tompkms, \Vm., Jr., F armer and I. rmt G ro\\·er! S. _7,
I em ns!Ila, P.
0. ' Old Mission. Mr. Tompkms was born 111 Gran rl Iraverse County ,
Michigau , in 1875.. .
.
Travis, E. , F arm er, S. 4, T. Blair, 1'. O .. Trf!vers ~ C1ty~ :VIr .. Travi ~ was
born in Gr<)nd Tra,,erse County, M1clngan , m 18~:> .a nd IS ma rned to
Edyth Todden : Mr. Travis has adopted two chlldren, Harold and
Gertrude.
.
Traverse City Manufn:ct :uing Company, Manufacturers. of an~ Dealers In
all kinds of Bmlrlmg Maten al, W . L. Brown, :V!anager, Lake Ave.
· mid Tenth Stre~t. Travers e City .
.
Traverse City Milling Co., Manufacturers of Flour and Mifl Products,
Traverse City.
·. .
..
.
Traverse City State Ba nk, Geneml· Bankmg , A. I racy Lay, Pre~H le nt ; R .
'
Floyd Clinch, Vice . Pr esi.dent; Samuel Gar land , Sas hler ; A .. J.
H aviland, Assistant Cashier ; A. J. May nard, Ass1sta nt Casln er;
Traverse City .
T urnbull & Cook, Livery, Sale and F eed S table , \ Ves t Slate Street, Traverse City .
• .
T yr er, A. H. , Go vernment Lig ht H ouse ~eeper, Farmer an.d I•rmt
G rower, S . 9, T . Penins ula, ~ - 0 . Old ~~lsston or Holland P1_er ~ ead .
Light . Mr. T yr er was born 111 Grand lraverse County, M1cln gnn,
in 1857.

!·

Umlor, E. , F armer and Fruit Grower, S. 22, T. P enins ula , P. 0 . Old
·
Mission . 1907 .
t.:nderwood & Un!lo r, Attorn< ys at Law , S utherlan d Block, Traverse Cily·.
Valley Frank F anner and Fruit Grower, S. 27, T. P en in sula, P. 0. 'l 'rav~erse City. 1867 . Mr . Valley is a native of Gr nnd T nwerse County ,
Michigan and was born in 1867,
Vall ey, Geo. , F~nuer and F ruit Gro~ver, S. ~8, T . ~enins~I!a, P. 0. : r r'lv. erse City. 1868. :-..rr. Vall ey 1s a nat1 ve of Grand I rayerse County
a nd was born in 1868.
Vancam p, S. , F arm er and Fruit ~rower, S . 1, T. A cm ~, P .. 0. Acm e 1904.
Van d erlip , R . L. , F armer a nd Bnck Maso n , S. 27 , 1. East Bay, P. 0 .
Traverse Cit v . 1881.
Van Gorder & Linte n, Deal ers in Hardwar e, Mill Suppli~s, F arming Tools,
and Building Material and H ard a nd Soft Coal, Kmgsley.
Va nLe uven , VIm. C. , Far m er, S . 32, T. Garfield , P . 0 . T raverse City .
1890.
.
V<jhWorm er L . F armer , S. 8, T . Fife Lak e, P·. 0. K mgsley. 1906.
Vib b er , D. C., r:·ar mer and Stockraiser , S. 26, T. Paradise, P. 0 . S ummit
City . . 1894.
.
W agner . \Vm. F armer , S . 4 , T. Rlnir, P. 0. T nl\·erse Ci ty . 1903. Mr.
\Va<>'ner 'was born in Ohio in 1872 and married Mary F enton. They
hav~ o n e ch ild named ~Frnnk Leroy. Mr . Wag ner 's property is
know as the E lm Hurst Farm.
\ Vait, S . E. & Sons, Dru ggist~, Front. and l:7~1 ion Street s, Traverse City.
\Vag u er, Jacob E . , Fanner ,, S. 31, ~- Blan , P .. 0 . G:awn. ,1902. Mr .
\Vagner was born in Germany m 1859 and IS m arned to I~ nuna Mur· Farmer, S . 30, ..
' 't C't
\Vall, phy
E. A.,
_1 . p a rae]'1se:. p . 0, . S u mm.1
1 y . 1866. .
\ Vall, John, F armer and F r mt Grower, S . 6, r. Par ad1se, P. 0 . Kmgsley .
,.
1865.
\ IV'a lter Robert E . Clerk of Grand Traverse County, T rayerse C1ty.
\Vard, 'T. J. , Farn;er and Stockraiser, S. 25, T . Acm e,. P, 0. Elk Rapids.
.1877.
. .
\Varner C. H . Farmer S . 34, T . Whitewater, P. 0. \Vill!ams lmrg .
1S82. ~lr. W arne; was born in .Michigan in 1876 and was nlarried
to Martha H am ilton to which union were born two children , Dewey
E. and Gordon. His wife died in 1904 and 1907 Mr. Warner mar ried H attie Langski to which union was born one child, Norma.
Warner, F . C. , Farmer and F ruit Grower , S. 10, T . Pt:ninsula, P. 0. Old
Mission . 18i0.

\Vaterman , E. P., County Surveyor and Civil E ng ineer, Traverse City_
\Vatson, C. M., Farmer, S. ·32, T. Blair, P. 0. Monroe Center. 1895.
Mr. \ Vatson was born in Michigan in 1861 a nd is married to EUlDia
J. Adams. Mr. and Mrs. Watson h ave six children, Seely E., John
L . , LeonardA., Ellen J ., Kunnith and Clyde M. , who died at the
age of 18 years. Mr. W at son 's property is known as the 1\faple
Grove Farm.
Wealsh , M. J ., Farmer, S. 19, T. Acme, P. 0. Elk Rapids. 1882.
., \Veathers, F r ank, Farmer and Fruit Grower, S. 32, 'J,'. East Bay, P. 0.
Traverse City. 1871.
\Veather~. M., Farmer, S. 22, ·r . East Bay, P . 0 . Traverse City. 1875.
\Veaver, Geo. M., Farmer and Stockraiser, S . 2, T. Fife Lake, P . 0. Fife
Lake. 1871.
,
\ Veaver , Samuel vV., Supervisor, S. 36, T. Blair, P. 0. Kingsley. 1903.
' Mr. Weaver was born in Pennsylvania in 1862 and is m arried to Sva
Burton. They have four children, Maud , Geo., Graa who died at tlJe
ag-e of eight years, and Mabel. Mr. \Veaver' s p r operty is known <L~
the I.,on e Maple Farm.
Weber , Christ., Farmer, S. 8, T. Mayfield , P. 0 . Kingsley. 1887. Mr...
. \ IV'eber was born in Germany in 1871 and m arried Mary Kummer.
Mr. and Mrs. \IV'eber have five children , Tracy, Alma, Josie, Benjamin and Julius. Mr. Weber's property is known as the Pleasant
View Farm.
W e ber, Joseph, Farmer, S. 3, 'I'. Mayfield, P. 0. Kings ley. 1880. i\fr.
Weber was born in Ohio in :1851 and married Mary Wolf. 1"h:e_y
have seven children , Katie, Elizabeth , Joseph , Anton, Wilhelmina..
Therese M. and Philip. Mr. \IV'eber 's property is known as the
Evergreen Farm.
Weber, Peter, Farmer, S. 5, T. f\'Iay field, P. 0. Kingsley. 1890. Mr.
\Veber was born in Michigan in 1860 and is married to Mary
Weidenfeller. They h ave five childre n , Mary, Annie, Jacob, Frank
and Clarence. Mr.. \Veber's property is known as the Weber Da.Uy
Farm.
Weber, Tony J., Farmer, S. 14, T. Paradise, P. 0. Kings ley. Mr. \Veber
is a native of Grand Traverse County, Michigan .
Webster, A. H . , Farmer and Lumberman, S. 14. 'f. \Vhitewater, P. 0.
Williamsburg . 1878. Mr. Webster was bom in New York in 186JI
and is married to Mary Shorts. They have one child, R alph. Mr.
Webster's prope.r ty is 'known as the E lm Hnrst Farm.
\ Vell ein, Adolph, Farmer and Produce Buyer, S. 3, T. Parad ise, P. 0_
Kingsl ey. 1888.
'
Wells , Earl, Farmer, S. 24, T. ·Garfield , P. 0. Traverse City. Mr. Wells
.
is a native of Grand Traverse County, Michig an, and was born im
1880.
W eiJs, W. A. , Far mer, S. 16, T. Fife La ke, P. 0. K ingsley. 1890.
W ells, \Vm. H., Deputy S heriff of Gr an d Tra verse County and Marshal of
Fife Lake, Fife Lake . 1884 . .
\Vells-Hig hman Compauy, :VIanufactu rers of S ta,·e, Splint a nd Fruit Baskets, Trav erse Citv .
W ethy, E zra, Farmer , S . 2, T. Acme, P. 0. Acm e . 1874 .
Whaley, Thomas, F armer, S . 8, T . Garfield , P . 0 . 1023 Cass Street, Tm'il'erse City . 1865.
.
\Vhite, Mrs. F. E ., Dealer in General Merchandise, Williamsburg .
\Vhiteford, Theo., Farmer anrl Frnit Grower, S . 11, T. Acme, P . 0. Acme.
1863 .
Whitson , George, Dairy Farmer and Stock raiser, S . 6, · T. Acme, p_ 0.
Bates . 1886.
Whitson', 0. J ., Dai r) Fanner and Stockraiser, S. 6, T. Acm e, P. 0 . Bate;.
1889.
1
Widdis, Jaru~s, F armer and Fruit Gro"\ii,r, S . 8, T. Peniusula, P. 0. Tr.a.• . er~e C1ty. 1873.
·
:Wilber, Mrs . Annie l:l., F arm er aml Fruit Gr ower , S . 25, T. Acme, P. 0.
Elk Rapids . 1899.
.
_
Wilhelm, F.tl. , 1' armer, S . 29, T. Gnrfielrl, P . 0. Traverse City. 1873.
\'lilkinson, Lafayette, Far m er , Brick and S t011e Mason, S . 33, T. Paradise.
P. 0. Kiugsley . 1883. .
·
Will iam s, E. A ., Fanner , S . 3 , 'I'. Blair , l'. 0 . T raverse City . 1888. M'r.
\Vill iam s was bor n in Pennsyh ·ania in 1838 a nd is married to Flora~
L . Rice. Mr. and Mrs . Williams are the par ents of eig ht childre1r.
.Sernore, l Ana L. , Catharine, Syn thia, Chester L. , Ethel and n1ary_
Mr. \'lilliams' proper ty is known as the i:)pri ng Meadows F arm.
Williams, \ V. E . Company, Manufacturers of Fl oor ing, W. E. Williams;,
P r es., L. H. DeZoete, Sec'y. f! nd Tres., T rnverse City .
W illocher, Chas . H. , F armer,, S . 35, T . Bla ir, P. 0 . Kingsley. 1885. i\fr.
\ Villocher was born in Ohio in 1863 and is milrried to Mary Kovis lr..
They have eig ht children, Alfred , Melia, Nora, Henry, Thomas_
Mar tin, Clara and Luella. Mr. \ Villocher 's prop er ty is k 110WII as
the Hill Sid e F arm.
·
\Vilsey, J. \V., Far mer and Breeder of Polled Ang u s Cattle a ud 0. I. C.
Hogs, S . 22, T. Paradise, P. 0 . S ummit City . 1881.
\Vi! son; F. \V., Reg ister of Deed s for Grand Traverse County, Traverse
City .
Wilson, R. A. , Fann er and Breed er of Short H orn Cattle, S. 12, T . Par:r.dis e, P. 0 . Kingsley . 1880. .Mr. Wilson was born in Gra nd 'ft-:t~
'erse Cotmty , :Vlichig an, in 1880.
Winnie, I. M ., .Timber and Saw Mill!', Tra verse Cily.
Wislen, Alfr ed, Farmer a nd H ot el Prop rietor, Waltou. 1899.
\ Vorden, W. A. , F ar m er and Breeder of Sh ropshi re S hee p, S. 35, T.
W hitewater, P . 0. W illiamsburg . 1868. Mr. \ Vonlen was bom i111
Michigan in 1846 a nd is marrier! to J ennie H aze. Mr.. \Verden 's
proper ty is known as the Map le Grove F a rm.
· \Vrig htma n, Jo hn, Farmer, S. 18, T. E ast Bay, P 0 . T ra,·erse City . 189&.
\Viclrig, Geo., Farm er, S . 29, T . nJair , P . 0 . Grawn. 1878. Mr . \Vidrig;
was born in Michigan in• 1861, is m arried t o H attie Crumback am!
they h ave two ch ildr en , F rank a nd Lottie.
vVurzburg, W. F., Blacks mith, K ingsley . 1893.
Wy nko9>p, Avery, Produce Burer, Kingsley. 1876.
\ Vyse, H enry, Dairyman , S . 25, T. ]:'e uinsula , P. 0. T raverse City. 190l!.
Yack , Geo., Farmer , S . 2, T . Acme, 1'. 0 . Acm e. 1894 .
Yonker, John H ., F a rmer, S. 30, T . Garfield, P . 0 . Traverse City . l &il£.
Mr. Yonker is a native of Gr and Traverse County, Michigan, amJl
was born in 1868.
Yonker, William D., Farmer and Fruit Grower, S . 17, T. Garfield, P. 0..
Traverse City . 1875.
Ying ling , Louis, F arm er and Cattl e Buyer, S . 3, T. Paradise, P. Q.
Kingsley. 1885.
Zech L ., Farm er, S . 14, T. Garfield , P. 0 . T raverse City . 1893.
Zieg!'e r , Henry, F armer, S. 16, T. East Bay,. 1'. 0. Traverse City . 1873.
Ziegler, John, F armer and Fruit Gr ower, S . 30, T. Penins ula, P. 0:.
T raverse City. )881.
Zi mmerman, Geo., Farmer, S . 20, T . Garfi elrl, P . 0 . Traverse City . 1S7il.
Zi m merma n , J . VI . , Stock Buyer , 202 S . Division Str eet , Traverse ~
1870.
Zim m erman , Pete};, Farmer, Fruit Gr ower a nd Stockraiser, S. 6, T. F.ast
· Bay , P. 0. Tra,·erse City. 1870.
Zoulek , Antoin e, Farmer , Fruit Grower and Threshing l\Iachiue Operafm!;,
S . 15, T. Peninsu la, P. 0 . Traverse City . 1872.

.,
I

.,

-

I

PAGE 8 5

ILLU8TRf\TION8
I

.,

I

I

CORNER OF CASS AND FRONT STREETS,

Pli BJ.,I C T.-IBRARY,

TRA VERS E CI'J'Y,

TRA VF.R SJ<; CITY, :111CHIC:A:ol.

~ l CHlGAN.

ELK RAPIDS SAVJNGS BANK,

WILHELM BCILDING,
Corner of C'nion and Front Streets,

J::I.K RAVIDS, :1-IICH!GA:-1.

TRAVER Sr: ClTV, :O.HCBIGAN.

BOARD:'ILb,.K AVH . SCH OO L ,
'J'RA \ 'ERSt-: C I'I'Y, :\IICH !C:A :\.

RESIDE::\'CE OF TIIOS. MORA:\'.

G RA::\'0 'l'RA. VERSE COC'::\''l'Y COURT HOUSE,
'l'RA\"1\ RSE CITY, :\IICHIGAN .

RESIDENCE OF THEO. GlEl'ZEN.

RESIDENCE OF PETER WEh.3R.

RESTDRKCE OF KOSSUTH STITES,
.. l'r.opri eto r, Elk Terrace Farm.

R ESIDENCE OF PETER PAHL.

RESIDENCE OF G. E . DEGRAW.

RESIDENCE OF C. W. BUNCR.

RESlDE NCE OF A. S. PRAY.

RESIDENCE OF CHRIST W·RBER.

PAGE 87

ILLUS TRATIONS

L . K. CLEVELAND .

J. W. J;:IIT,LTK ER.

WESLEY DUNN.

CHAS. E. MANVILLE.

ASI-H;EY H. CURTIS.

'fHO::MAS MORAN.

ABE SAUNDERS.

FRED. W". SKINNHR.

H. P. WATERMAN,

Count y S urveyo r.

E. Y. LI NDERMAN .

'l'RA VF.RSE CI'l'Y, MICH IC:A N •

a

E . L. S PRAGUE, ( Deceased),
F ounder o f t h e Daily Eagle a nd
Trrl\'erse Bay Eagle.

...

MR. AND MRS. WM. HElM.

MR. AND MRS. WILLIS D. RAMSAY.

MR . AND MRS. r,AFA YETTE C. RICKERD.

MR. AND MRS. BALTZER l\WEHLING.

WIJ~J,IAM

BRAKEL.

· G . E. HODGES.

MR. AND MRS. R . A. WILSON. ·

W. A. WORDEN.

EDWARD COX.

D. B. NEWCOMB.

MR. AND MRS. W. I. AUYER.

MR. AND M RS. AUG USTUS

J.

BARRATT.

.

I
I
I

PAGE 89

a

IL.L USTRATIONS

I

•

El\DIOR 0. LADD.

W. H. DIXON.

U PSA J,L COX.

C. F . 0. NELSO):I.

GF.Ni\ A. S H EARER.

MR. AKD MRS. A . J. ALBRIGHT.

JOliN H. McCOi:\1BS.

M. T. MOORE AND SON, E. A.
MOORE, MRS. E. A. MOORE,
AND DAUGHTER, ELAIRE.

\ V. E. BRACF.llRIDGE.

WILLIAM KRAT OCHVIL.

TAPP HARTLJ ):IE.

E DWARD S. HOCH.

C. L. PORTER.

HENRY E. DAVIS .

\VA T/fER ST OCKFTSCH.

'

MR . AND MRS. A:KDREW GILMORE.

MR. AND MRS .. CHAS. DEAN.

MR. AND MRS. E . E . DURYEA AND
DAUGHTERS, HAZEL AND N ILA.

F t M. HAMLIN AND FAM ILY.

P. F. LARDI E.

MR. I).KD MRS. ARCHIE Mci NTYRE.

WENCH, KRATOCHVI L AND FAMILY.

GEORGE r_,. CR IS P.

..

-

PAGE

91

I

ILLUSTRf\ TIONS

~

I

~

I

I
I

I

.

HO:Ml-: OF LOWELL SOURS.

RESli)E:-l'CE OF B. A.

BR~SON.

RESIDENCE OF RALPH KRF.J SF,R.

POPLAR GROVB,
Residence of 0. J. Benson.

PR ESE:-l'T RESIDE:-l'CE OF
JOSEPH WEBER,
Buill in 1900.

FIRST HOME OF JOSEPH \VEBER ,
Built in July, 11'!81.

RESIDH:-l'CE OF jOH_::\f KENNF.DY,
S unn y Slope 1•\:rm.

"SOU RS PLA CE, 1855. ''
Residence o f Frank R. Sours.

RESIDF.i'ICE OF P. F. J,ARDIE.

STORE OF A. G. BRL'ST,
:WONROJo: CJ•:N'l'r•: R , :\H CH IGA:-1.

FRONT STREET,
'J'RAVJ<;RSJI, CI'l'V, l\UC H!GA::o<.

RESIDENCE OF MRS. N. KRElSER.

A LOAD OF FRUIT AND VF.GE'J'ABT~ES
FROM THF. FARM OF PERRY FOUCH.

RESIDENCH OF E. E. CHAMPION.

RESIDENCE OF C. W. COOK.

scrmR ON FARM oF

w.

M. BAIRD.

RESIDE:-l'CE OF W. !.-. AYERS.

RESIDENCU

()Ii

SA MUEL W. W EAVER.

RESIDENCE OF JACOB vVAGNER .

l

PAGE 93

a

I

a

ILLUSTRATIONS

I

-

RF:SIDENCE OF W. H. DIXON.

NO USB FOR A COAT-TOO BUSY.
G. A. Brigham,

HOME OF JAMES M . RUNK.

SCENE ON FARM OF ANTOINF: ZOULHK.

RESIDENCE OF THOS. I. PRAY.

EUGENE UMLOR.

ASYLUM,
'.rRA VERSll: CI'l'Y, MICHIG I\ N.

BUCKJ,EY, MICHIGAN.

AVO~DALE,

BBN'I' BEACH FARM,
Frank Kratochvil, Proprietor.

SOURS SCHOOL HOUSE, 1867.
District No . 3, W hitewater Township.

j

MR. AND MRS. JAMES :VI. RUNK.

BAR~

OF PETER PAHL.

R. A. WILSON AND TWO OF
HIS PF:TS.

SCENE ON FARM OF WM . HElM.

SOME FINE HORSES.
. Property of \Vm . Heinl.

BARN AND HORSES OF WILUS D.

RAMSAY~

"'t.TN:t'l:'E:C S'J:·.A.rr:ES L.A.N:C SU:R"V"E"Y'S.

~~~~

ANALYSIS

OF THE SYSTEM
- - - - - OF - - -- -

NrETES AND BOUNDS.
P to the Lime of the Revolutionary War, or until about the beginn ing of the present century, land, when parcelled out, and
sold or granted, was described by ·'Metes and Bounds," and that system is still in existence in the following States, or in
t hose port ions of them which had been sold or granted when the present plan of surveys was adopted, viz.: New York,
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Vi1·ginia, North and Sout.h Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, 'rexas,
and the six New England States. 1'o describe land by "Metes and Bounds." is to have a kno wn land-mark for a place of beginning,
and then follow a line according to the compass-neAJle (or magnetic bearing), or tile course of a stream, or track of· an ancient highway. 'l'his plan has resulted in endless confusion and litigation, as land-marks decay and change, and it is a well-known fact that
the compass-needle varies and does not ;d ways point due North.
As an example of this plan of dividing lands, t be foll owing description of a farm laid out by "Metes and Bounds,'' is given:
" Beginning !tt a stone on the Bank of Doe Ri·ver, at a point where the highway f rom A. to B. crosses said river (see point marKed C.
on Diagram I); thence 40'! North of West 100 rods to a large stump; thence 10° N01;th of West 90 rods; thence 15° West of North 80
rods to an oak t ree (see Witness Tree on Diagram 1); thence due East 150 rods to t he highway; thence following the 0ourse of the
highw!ty 50 rods due North; thence 5° North of E!tst 90 rods; thence 45° East of South 60 rods; thence 10° North of East 300 rods
to the Doe River; thence following the cou rse of the river Southwesterly to the place of beginning." This, which is !1. very simp]e
and moderate description by "Metes and Bounds," would leave the boundaries of the farm as shown in Dingram 1.

DIAGRAM 1.

~~
:;.:::§:;; ~

DIAGRA~

2 _

I
~

NrERIDIANS AND BASE LINES.
~---;-;;;-------;;;;;-------'---:::-;;-------:-:-:~------------~- ------------. ~HE present system

of Governmental
Land Surveys was
adopted by Con- l!ffi
gress on the 7Lh of May, rill!
1785. It has been in use
ever since and is the legal =•1
method of describing and rt!!l~
dividing lands. It i~; called fill
the. "Rectangular System," lliffi
that is, all its distancea and i1l!l
bea:t~:ugs are measured from ~
two lines which are at right
angles to each other, viz.:+.
These two lines, from which
the measurements are made,
are the Principal Meridians,
which 1·un North and South,
and the Base Lines. which
run East and West. These
Principal Meridians ate established, with grea·t aocuracy. by astronomiool oh6ervations. Each Principal
Meridian has its Base Line,
and these two lines form the
basis or foundation for the
surveys or measurement of
all the lands within the territory which they control.
Diagram 2 shows all ofthe
Principal Meridians and Base
Lines in the central portion
of the United States, and
f rom it the territory governed by each Meridian and
Base Line may be readily
distinguished. E ach Meridian and Base Line is marked
with its proper number or
name, as are also the Standard Parallels and guide (or
auxiliary) Meridians.
Diagram oillustrates what
is meant when this method
is termed t he "Rectangular
System," and how the measurements are based on lines
which run at right angles to
each other. 'rhe heavy line
running North and South
(marked A. A.) represents
the Principal Meridian, in
this case saythe5thPrincipal
Meridian. The hea.vy lme
running East and West
(marked B. B. ) is the Base
Line. These lines are used
as the starting points or basis
of all measurements or surveys made in territory controlled by the 5th Principal
Meridian. 'l'he same fact
applies to all other Principal
Meridians and their Base
Lines. Commencing at the
Principal Meridian, at inter- ~~
vals of six miles, lines are mQI
r un NorthandSoutb,parallel ~;:;)
to the Meridian. This plan W1J
is followed both Ea.st .and rmJ
West of the Mcnd1an
throughout the territory J11!J
control1ed by the Meridian FniT:

i

~ALLAS 0

A
fm!J

1flr.

irrillj

~

tJW
r

n

yl-

·

.(~.
·r

0 ,

,

·..·
0

car 1,
; ,'\HV.t

&l ·

'
so•

~~~~~~iE 5JEdSSEt:!ISC&f!l~~ct::!bSEdbSEt:!ISE~...§Ft=S~@!b~5Et::!!§]i?lli1(~)~~~~~~~~~
n. c.
ENTERED ACCORDING TO AC T OF CONGR ESS, IN THE YEAR ·~• BY GEO. "'· OGL E 4 CO., IN TH E OFFICE OF T H E LIBARIAN OF CONGRESS AT WASHINGTON.

~

~

- ~~ · - · ··

~

~

~~~~~~~~~~~~'·

These lines are termed "Range Lines." They. divide the land into strips or divisions six.miles wide, exte~~ing North an.d South, parallel with the Meridian.
· Each division is called a Range. Ranges are numb~red !rom. one upward, c.o~m. cmg at the Mendian; a~d theu numbers are indicated by Roman
characters. For instance, the first division. (or :first s1x mtles) west of tl~e ¥endian.lo. Ra?ge I. West; the next IS Range II. West; then comes Range III.,
IV., V., VI., VII., and so on, until the t~rntory governed by a~other Prt~mpa:l Mer1d1an IS re~ch_ed. In ~h~ ~;:arne ~1am1:er the Ranges East of the Meridian
are numbered the words East or West bemg always used to mdiCate the dtrectw.n from t he PrJucipal Mend•au. ,,ee Dtagram 3.
Commen~ln~ _at the Base ~ine, at. interva:ls. ~f six ?tile~, line.s are run ~ast and West parallel with-,.the. Base J.ie1e. T~ese are .designated as Township
Lines, They divide the land mto stnps or dlVls.wns s1x miles wide, extendm~ ~ast and Yf.est, parall~l w~th ~he Base Lme. Th1s plan is followed both
North and South of the Base Line until the terntory governed by. another Pr~nmpal Mend1aJ?- a~d Base Lme 1s reached.. These divisions or 'l'ownships are
1?-!'mbered from one ~~p~ard, both .North and South of t~e _Base Lt?e, and the1r numbers are mdiCa~ed by figures. For mstance: The first six mile division
.~.-;orth of the Base J.~me 1s Township 1 North; the next IS Township 2 North; then comes Township 3, 4, 5, and 6, North, and so on. 'l'he same plan is
followed South of the Base Line; the Townships beiD;g de.signated as Townshi_p 1 South, ';['ownship 2 South, and so on. The "North'' or "South" (the
initials N . or 1:3. being generally usecl) indic~tes the directiOn from t.he ~a8e Lllle. See D1agram 3:
.
These Township and Range Lines, c:rossmg ~a?hoth~r, as shown m Dtagram 3, fo;m squa!·es, whtch are .called "Townships:' or "G;overnmeut Townships,''
which !J.re six miles ~quare, or as nearly that as 1t I~ possible to n,take them. . These Townships are a very 1mport~~t featu.re m locatmg o_r de.scribing a p 1ece
of land. 'rhe J.ocatwn of a Government Tow~ship, how_eve.r, 1s very .readily found when the ~umber of ~he Iownshtp and Range 1s giVen, by merely
counting the number indicated from the Base Lme and Pn~c1pal Mend1an. 4s an. exam_Ple of this, Township 8 ~orth, Ra~ge 4, West of the 5th Principal

Me.id;;~~·;~·;~;·~d;n~~~~re m"ked *on Dmg'"m 3, conntmg e>ght '"" ::G: B:se Lme and 4'""west of the M"idian
by

OWNSHIP8 are the largest subdivisions of land run out by the
United States Surveyors. In the
Governmental Surveys Township
Lines are the first to be run, and a Township
·corner is established every six miles and
marked. 'I' his is called "'rownshipping."
After the Township Corners have been carefullylocated,theSection and Quarter Section
Corners are established. Each Township is
six miles square and contains 23,04.0 acres,
or 36 square miles, as near as it is possible
to make them. This, however, is frequently made impossible b~; {1st) the presence of lakes and larg~> ,!tfeams; (2nd) by
State boundaries not falling exactly on
Township Lilies; (3rd) by the convergence
of Meridi.i.ns or curvature of the earth's
surface; and (4th) by inaccurate surveys.
Each Township, unless it is one of the
exceptional cases referred to, is divided
into 36 squares, which are called Sections.
These· Sections are intended to be one
mile, or 320 rods, square and contain 640
acres of land. Sections are numbered
consecutively from 1 to 36, as shown on
Diagram 4. Beginning with Section 1 in
the Northeast Corner, they run West to
6, then East to 12, then West to 18, and
so on, back and forth, until they end with
Section 36 in the Southeast Corner.
Diagram 4 shows a plat of a Township
at:: it is divided and platted by the government surveyors. These Townships are
called Government Townships or Congressional Townships, to distinguish them from
Civil Townships or organized Townships,
as frequently the lines of organized Townships do not conform to the Government
Township lines.

e

SECTIONS OF LAND.

·

DIAGRAM

,.

'~ ·

-.-

---.-... .. ..I. ·

a

""""~""~.. ~:.~TU.; . . , .d a..~~..._:~rr~: oTu.. . .

.

~

~•
: ,

*.

~

~

flp!l

~~
,.
~
~~
~
•; 4tll
~ ~
~ ~
• e I~

:·~ ~

1:

llii\

u

A&

B

E.
3

I

~

~I

[1]!J

I!)

u

~··
!lil
[1!.!J
l.!:!J~

"
••

11

a

·1 ·.

rliJ.I

Wll
~I ·
~

~

h!ffi

n:1!J
IIi-

8

nlll
Ifni

•

12

16

~8

32

iAGRAM 5 illustrates how a section
may be subdivided, although the
Diagram only gives a few of the
many subdivisions into which a
section may be divided.
All Sections
• (except fractional Sections) ar~ sup~o~ed to be . 320 rods, or. ~ne ~ile, squa:~ and therefo~e .
cthontam 64~ acre!;-fathnumbereesastflytdhiEV! ilsatbnlde. ASechta10lfns atr~ nsu b dntvtaid.neds I ntoa frraesc~wanqaul apratte·t~steoctS_111nt
e convemence o
e 0 wn r o
.
-sec 1
,
contains 160 acres; half of a quarter contains 80 acres, and quarter of .a quartehr cont~~;ins 40h~cre~,
and so on. Each piece of land is described according to the portwn of t e sectwn w Ic 1 1t
embraces-as the Northeast quarter of SeCtion 10; or the Southeast quarter of the Southeast
quarter of Section 10. Diagram 5 shows how many of these subdivisions are platted, and also
shows the plan of designating and describing them by initial letters as each pareel of land on the
Diagram is marked with its description.
As has already been stated, all Sections (except Fraction.al Sections which are e~plained ~lsewhere) are supposed to cont.a in 640 acres, and even though m1stakes have been made m surveymg,
as is frequently the case, making sections larger or smaller than 640 acres, the Government recognizes no variation, but sells or grants each regular section as containing 640 acres t<more or less."
The Government Surveyors are not required to st~bdivi~e sections by .running lin.es within
them, but they usually establish Quarter Posts on SectiOn Lm~s ?n each s1d~ of a sectwr; at ~he
noints marked A. B. c. and D. on Diagram 5. After estabhshmg Township corne1·s, ;::;ectwn
·
Lines are the next to be run, and section corners are established. When t hese are carefully
DIAGRAM 5.
located the Quarter Posts are located at points as
nearly equidistant between Section Corners as
possible. These corners when established by
aovernment Surveyors cannot be changed, even
though it is conclusively shown that mistakes
have been mad e which cause some sections or
quarter sections to be either larger 9r smaller
ui
N. E. 1(4
than others. 'l'he laws, however, of all the
Lll
0::
States provide certain rules for local surveyors
(.)
to follow in dividing Sections into smaller
<
parcels of land than has been outlined in the
160 A.
0.
Governmental surveys. For instance, in dividA
N
ing a quarter section into two parcels, the dis('!)
ance between the Government Corners is careN. lh, of S. E.• 1f4
fully measured and the new post is located at a
~
. point equidistant between them. 'l'his plan is
..
SO A.
followed in running out " eighties," "forties,"
N . M of s.w. li
~
"twenties," etc. lu this way; if th e Governof S.E .
S. E . '{4
ment division overruns or falls short, each
(20A.)
of s . E•'/1
portion gains or loses its proportion. This is
S. }2 of 5.\V , \(
of s.E. >i
.rru!.
not the case, however, with .Fractional Secti~ns
40 A.
b (20 A. )
~
SUBDIVIDING A SECTION.
along. i_h~ North or West stdes of a Township,
ll~
or adJOilllllg a lake or large stream.

0 00 1 320 0

1

1

10

<

1r

...

~

·~~~~@b5&d!§)w;se~~~~~~Si? 5i@ §ire 5i
-

·

ENTERED ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS, IN THE VF.AR

FRACTIONAL PIECES OF LAND.

ONGRESSIONAL 'l'ownships vMy
considerably as to size and boundaries.
:Mistakes m~e in surveying and the
fact that :Meridians converge as they
run North cause every 'rownship to vary
16
more or less from the 23,040 acres whi<:h a
14
18
perfect Township would contain. See
Diagram 4. In arranging a Towmhip into
Sections all the surplus or deficiency of land
is given to, or taken from, the North and
West tiers of Sections. In other words, all
Sections· in th:e Township are made fu lJ:640 acres-except those on the North and
'\Vest, which are given all the land that is
left after forming the other 25 Sections.
~iagral? 4.ill~strates how the surplus or
defk~ency 1s dtstnbuted and the Sections it
P.:i'ects. It will be seen that Sections 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 18, 19, 30 and 31, are the
"Fractional Sections," or the Sections
which are affected ifthe Township overruns
27
26
or falls short. Inside of these Fractional
Sections, all of the surplus or de1:iciency of
land (over or under 640 acres) is carried to
the "forties" or "eighties" that touch the
Township Line. These pieces of land are
called "Fractional Forties'' or "Fractional
Eighties," as the case may be. Diagrams 4
and 6 show the manner of markin~ the
$4
35
acreage and outlining the boundanes of
these "Fractions."
~iagram 6 illu~tr11;tes how the surJ?lus or
defiCiency of land mside of these SectlOliS is
.
<;listributed and whic~I t<forties"or "eighties"
.
,., .
)t affects. From th1s arrangement it will: ,0
seen that many t:lectwn that touches the North or West 'l'ownship Lines, the Southeast Quarter 11 .,,.y
bFerefqu ll11 tlly60tl aecrefs-wt?ile ~?fotht~r ,quar,t,e~ hotf. t~,e sam etSdectionhmay be much larger or smal ;r. rt!! .
11c
_1 se rae 10~a
or Ies or e1g 1es are 1ot. e as s own in Diagram 6. They are lfri 1
ahlways des_cnbed as fractwn~l tracts of land, as the t< fractwnal S. W. i of Section 6," etc. Of coursr, ~ .
· t ose portwns of these Sectwns which are not affected by these variations are described in the 11811 al I
manner:-as Southeast i of Section 6. As a rule Town ships are narrower at the North than at 1he
South side. 'l'he Meridians of Longitude (which run North and South) converge as they run North ~~fi·_ .·
and South from the Equator. They begin at the Equator with a definite width between them aud __
~ra~ually converge until they all meet at the poles. Now, as the Range lines are run North and Sou1 h,
1t will at once be seen that the convergenc_e of Meridians wi~J. cam· ev.ery Congressional Township
(North of ~~e Equat?r) to be t;arrower at its North than at 1ts South side, as stated. See Diagram
4. In addttlon to tillS fact, mistakes of meaaurement are constantly and almost unavoidably made ~
in running both Township and Hange
~~
·=lines, and if no new starting points
were established the lines would
DIAGRAM 6 .
become confused and unreliable, and
~I
the size and shape of Townships
lli1i materially affected by the time the
rill)
surveys had extended even a hundred
miles from the Base Line and Princilfi1
pal Meridian. In order to correct
l!!
the surveys and variations caused
by the difference of latitude and
straighten the lines, "Correction
1
Lines" (or Guide l\~eridians and
· .., 1ffi11
Standard Parallels) are,established at
,1 J!!
frequent intervals, usually as follows:
~
North of the Base Line a Correction
Line is run East and West parallel
with the Base Line, usually every
twenty-four miles. South of th'e
Base Line a Correction Line is usually
~
established every thirty miles. Both
tM.;]I
East and West of the Principal
@!}
Meridian "Correction Lines" are
~~~
~-~'~-~
,.!.1
nsnally established every 48 miles.
All Correction Lines are located by
~
careful measuremen t, and the sue.
~
ceeding surveys are based upon
PLAT OF A FRACTIONAL SECTION.
lfillJ
them.
_j

1

I'
1

i

mrn·
~~~TdbSEdbs@bSE~~
c.

. BY GEO. A. OGLE .S. CO•• IN THE OFFICE OF TH E LIBARIAN OF CONGRESS AT WASHINGTON, D.

SUPPLEMENT Ill.

DIGEST OF THE SYSTEM OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT.

DIGEST OF- THt:. SYSTEM
OF

CIVIL GOVER·NMENT,
WITH A REVIEW OF THE
DUTIES At«> POWERS OF THE PRINCIPAL OFFICIALS CONNECTED
WITH THE VARIOUS BRANCHES OF NATIONAL, STATE,
COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP GOVE&NME-MT.

The Bureau of Accounts, in which all of the finances of the department are looked after, such as the custody and disbursement of appropriations; also indemnity funds and bonds; also care of the building
and property of th~ department, etc.
The Bureau of Rolls and L ibrary, which is charged with the custody of treaties, rolls, public documents, etc.; has care of revolutionary
archives, of international commissions, superintendence of libra ry, etc.
The Bureau of Statistics, for the prepara tion of reports on commercial relations.
The chiefs of all of these bureaus receive $2,100 per year. In addition to these there a re connected with the State Department the offices
of translator, a t ~2,100 per year; assistant secretary, $4,500; second
assistant secretary, $3,500; third assistant secretary, $3,500; solicitor,
$3,500; chief clerk, $2,750; clerk to Secretary of State, $2,000; passport
clerk, $1,400. Besides these there are the various comptrollers, auditors, clerks and assistants, which number well up into the thousands.
TBEA.S11BY DEPARTMENT.

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT.
HB GOVERNMENT of the United States is oJte of limited and
specific powers, strictly outlined and defined-by a written constitution. The constituti?n was adopteu in 1787, and·, with the
amendments that have smce been made; it forms the basis· of
the entire fabric of government under which we live. The
constitution created three distinct branches of goverJ11nent each of
which is entirely separate and distinct from the others. Th~y are the
executive, legislative and judicial departments. The constitution spe~ifically vests the executiye power in the· Presid·e nt, but' all mem·bers
of ~e c;abiuet are .usually classed wit.1 the executi:ve .d~partment'; the
legtsla~ve power ts held by Congre~s, and the JUdtctal authority is
vested 1~ the Supreme Court and vart\)US other courts which Congress
~;las provtded form pursuance of the provisions ofthe constitution.
It has been the aim of these pages to explain each of these different
branches of government, and to briefly review the duties and P,Owers
of the principal officials connected with each department.
·
The President and Vice-President are elected by popular vote,. but
the_ v~te of each State is separate, so that a candidate may have a large
maJonty of the aggregate popular vote of the country and yet fail to be.
elected. The. Presidential election is !:teld ?n the· fiTSt Tuesday after the.
first Monday m November, when Presidential electors are chosen in and
for the various States, each State having as many electors as it h as representatives in both branches of Congress. The electors are chosen by
the b~llots of the people of their States, and all the electors of a State
constitute an electoral college. The electors meet in each State at the
C!lpital on the first Wednesday in December following a· National election and vote for President and Vice-President certificates ofwhich,are
forwarded to the President of the Senate, at Washington wlro on the
second Wednesday i'n February opens the certificates a~d co~nts the
votes in the presence of both Houses of Congress and declares the result·
and the final step is the inauguration, which takes place on the 4th of
~arch. The law provides that if .n~ither of·the candidates h ave a majorlty then the House of Representatives shall elect' a President-from the.
th~ee _candidates rec~iving: the highest electoral vote. In elections of
thts kmd each State ts entitled to only one vote and two-thirds of-the
State~ {orm a quorum.
'
·

T

PRESIDENT OF 'rUE 11N'ITED· STATES:

.The President is the highest executive officer of the United States.
He 1s elected for the tenn of four years, and receives a salary of $so,ooo.
p~~ annum. He ~ust be thirty-five ye~s old or more, and a native-born
c1t1zen of the Un1ted States. The Pres1dent is char~ed with a generaL
supervisio~ -:>Ver the faithful e::cecution of laws passed by Cangres~t, and
has s~pervi51o~ over all. executi':e departments of the. government. He.
appomts a Cabmet of etght offic1als who become the heads of the various
departments, and these departments are intended to be managed and
conducted as the President directs. The President is Commander-inCl~ief ofthe Army and Navy. He has power to grant pardons andrepneves for all offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment; has power, with the advice and consent of the Senate to
make treaties. He nominates, and with the advise and consent oftlre
Senate, appoints A~bassadors and other public Ministers and· Consuls,
all Judges of the Umted States courts, and all other executive officers of
the Un!ted State~, except in such cases where the appointments may be
vested m the vanous "departments." When the Senate is not· in session
he can appoint, subject to its action when it reassembles. He has
power, in certain extraordinary occasions, to call together both Houses
o_f Congr~ss, or either o~ them,_ in extra session; and is required from
time to time to commumcate w1th Congress, as to the state of the Union
and. offer such suggestions or recommendations as he may deem proper:
He ~s ~mpow~red to approve or veto all measures adopted by Congress,
but 1t 1.s proVIded that any measure may be passed over his veto by a
two-th1rds vote of Congress.
·
The President consults frequently with his Cabinet and nearly all
import~nt official matters are discussed by that body. I~ case the office
of Pre~Ident becomes vacant ~rough the death, removal or resignation
of the mcumbent, the law proVIdes that the office shall in turn 1:ie filled
by the Vice-President, Secretary of State, and other Cabinet Ministers
in regular order.
VICE-PRESIDENT.

The Vice-President of tl:::. United States is elected for the. tenn of
four years, and receives a salary of$Io,ooo. ·In case of the death removal or resignation of the President, the Vice-President succeeds.him.
The chief duty of the Vice-President is to act as the presiding officer. of
the Senate. He has no vote in the Senate, except· tn cases of a tie or
an equal division of the members of that body. The Vice-President ~d­
minislers the oath of office to the Senators.
STA.TE DEPA.RTJIENT.

1'he head of thi~ department is the Secretary of State, who is appomted by the Pres1dent as a member of the Cabinet and receives a
sala~y of $8,ooo p er year. The law provides• that in ~ase the office of
Pres1dent becomes vacant, through the death·, removal or resignation of
both th~ President a~d Vice-President, the Secretary of State assumes
the dub~s of the Pres1dency. ~he Secretary of State maybe said to be
the offic1al Secretary of the Presl'd ent, and countersigns all commissions
issued by the President.
The Secretary of State is the hea<l of the Department of State and is
the chief diplom~t~c of?cer of the United St!ites. In his deJ;>artment and
und.er h1s superv1s1on 1s conducte?- ~e publ~c busin~ss.relatingto foreign
a~1~s; to corresponde.ncE', comm1ss1ons or tnstructions to or with public
M1Il!sters from the Umted S~ates; or to negotiations with Ministers from
fore~gn Stat~s; o.r ~o memon~ll! or other applications from foreigners, or
fore1g~ p~bhc M:11;nsters, or Citizens of thts country-in foreign lands, or
comphcabons a?stng therefrom. _The Se<?retary ~f State als? _has charge
of all ?ther b1;1smess connec~ed_w.tth foretgn affatrs; extra~bon matters•
and diplomatiC officers; furmshmg passports to vessels g01~g to foreign
countnes, etc., a~d has charge of the Great Seal of the. Umted Statc:s. .
Connected With the D~partment <?f State a nd for:mmg a _part of It m
the gr~at work of performmg and carmg for the duties outhned are the
followmg b~neaus:.
.
.
. .
f :rhe D iplomatic Bureau, wh1ch looks after the affaus pertammr to
or.eign governments.
.
.
J"he Consular Bureau, correspond~nce w1th consulates.
The Bur~au of. Indexes and Archives, the duties· of which are to '
;, open th~ official ~ails, prepar.e an abs~ract of the daily correspondence
and an tndex of It, and supermtend miscellaneous work of depa rtment.

This department was organized in 1789 The. head of this department, known as the Secretary of the Treasury, is appointed by the President, is a member of the Cabinet, and rece1ves a salary of $8,000 per
annum. The Treasurr Department is one of the most important
branches of the nationa government, as it has charge of the financial
affairs of the government, custody of public funds, collection of revenue
and maintenance of public credit. Among the many important duties
devolving uron this department are the following: It attends to the collection of al internal revenues and duties on imports, and the prevention of frauds in these departments. All claims and demands, either by
the United States or agamst them, and all the accounts in which the
United States are interested, either as debtors or creditors, must be settled and adjusted in the Treasury Department. This department also
includes the Bureau of the Mint, in which the government coin and
moneys are manufactured. The Treasury Department authorizes the
organization of national banks and has supervision over them; has
charge of the coast surveys, the lighthouses, marine hospitals, etc. It
has char~e of ·an moneys belonging to the United States; designates
depositones of public moneys, keeps a complete and accurate system
of accounting, showing the receipts and disbursements of the Treasury,
and makes reports at stated intervals showing the condition of pubhc
finances, public expenditures and the public debt
There are a g reat many very important officials connected with the
Treasury Department, chief among which are the following, viz.: Privat~secretaTy of the head of the department, at $2,400 per year; three
assistant secretaries, at $4,500 each; chief clerk, $3,000; chief of appointment div:ision, $2,750; chief of warrants division, $2,750; chief of public
moneys division, $2,500; chief of customs d ivision, $2,700; acting chief
of revenue marine division, $2,500; chief of stationery division, $2,500;
chief of loans and currency division, $2,500; chief of miscelllineous division, $2,500; supervising special agent,$8 per day; government actuary,
.1.800; surervi~in~ architect, ~.500;. steamb?at inspe~tor, $3,500; chief
Bureau o StatiStiCS, $3,000; hfe savmg service supermtendent, $4,000;
assistant, ~2,500; commissioner Bureau of Navigation, $3,600; superintendent United States coast and geodetic survey, $6,000; supervising
surgeon-general marine hospital service, $4,000; Bureau of Engraving
and Printing, chief, $4,500; assistant chief,$2,250; superintendent engraving division, $3,600.
The foregoing will serve to show many of the lines of work attended
to in the· Treasury Department, as the names of these offices explain the
branch_of work they are charged with attending to. There are anumber. of other important offices in the department that should be mentioned, amon~ them being the following:
The Sohcitor of the Treasury, or chief attorney, who receives
84,500 per year for attending to the legal matters connected with the
department.
The Commissioner of Customs, who receives $4,000 per year and
his deputy $2,250, has charge of all accounts of the revenue from customs.and disbursements, and for the building and repairing of custom
houses.
The Treasurer of the United States receives $6,000 per year, assistant treasurer $3,600, and superintendent of national banks (Red. Div.)
$3,500. The Treasurer receives and keeps the government funds,
either at headguarters or in the Sub-Treasuries or government depositories, payin8' It out upon warrants drawn ' in accordance with the law,
and pays all mterest on the national debt.
The Register of the Treasury is paid a salary of $4,000 per
year, and his assistant $2,250. The Register keeps the accounts of
public expenditures and receipts ; receives the returns and makes out
the official statements of United States commerce and navigation;
receives from first comptroller and Commissioner of Customs all
accounts and vouchers acted on by them and files the same.
The Comptroller of the Ct:rrency receives $5,000 per year and his
deputy $2,800. This bureau is charged with a general supervision of
the national banks and matters connected with the issuing of paper
money.
The Director of the Mint receives $4,500 per annum, and is
charged with a general supervision over all the comage of the govern·
ment.
Comptrollers. The first and second comptrollers are paid a
salary of $),000 per year, and each of the ir deputies receive $2;700. The
first comptroller revises and ,certifies the accounts of· the civil and
diplomatic service and public lands. The second comptroller revises
and certifies the ~ccounts of the army and navy and 'of the Pension
and Indian Bureaus.
Auditors . There are six auditors connected with the Treasury
Department, each of whom receives a salary of $3,600 per year, and is
allowed a deputy at a salary of $2,250 per annum. No one auditor takes
rank over a nother. T he first auditor receives and adjusts the accounts
of the revenue and disbursements, appropriations and expenditures on
account of t he civil list and under special acts of Congress, reporting
the balances to the commissioners of the customs and first comptroller
respectively for '<heir decision. The second auditor devotes most of his
attention to army affairs ; looks after all the accounts relating to the p ay,
clothing and recruiting of the army; the arsenals, armories and ordnance; all accounts rela ting t o the Indian Department.; reporting to the
second comptroller. The third auditor has all account s for sustenance
of the army, military academy, military roads, fortifications, quartermaster's department, certain pensions, claims arising for military service. previous to 1817; for all property lost in t he military serv1ce; he
rep.orts also to the second comptroller. The fourth auditor also reports
to the second comptroller, and attends to all accounts of the service
connected with the navy. The fifth auditor reports to the first comptroller, and adjusts all accounts connected with the diplomatic service of
the Department of State. The sixth a uditor adjusts a ll accounts growmg from the service of the Post Office Department.

approach of storms. There is also maintained a Civil Engineer:.Og Department, through the aid of which is carried out su.ch improvements in
rivers and ha rbors as may be authorized by Congress. T he Secretary of
War also has supervision over the West Point Military Academy.
The private clerk for the head of the War Department is paid
$2,000 per year; assistant secretary, S4,500; chief clerk, $2,750. The
most of the subordinates and assistants in the War Department, except
those mentioned, are officers of the Regular Army, who are paid salaries
and perquisites.
The Commanding General comes next to the Secretary, and receives
a salary of $7,500 per year. He looks after the arrangement of military: ·
forces, superintends the recruiting service and discipline of the an;ny,
orders courts-martial, and in a general sense is charged with seeing to
the enforcement of thelawsandregulationsof the army. TheAdjutantGeneral keeps the rolls and the orders issued. The Quartermaster- 1
G~n~ra l has charge of the barrac~s and the supJ?lies, etc., that may be ,
requtred for the army. The Commissary-Generalis head of the Subsistence Department, and has supervisiOn over the purchasing and
issuing army rations. The Judge Advocate General is the head of the I
department of military j ustice. The Surgeon-General, as the name implies, looks after the affairs of the army relating to sick,wounded, hospital, etc. The Paymaster-General is the disbursing officer for the money
required by the department. There is also the Ordnance office, controlling ordnance stores, arsenals, armories, the manufacture of a rms, etc.
The Topogra phical office has charge of all plats and drawings of· aU
surveys made iot· military purposes. Besides these there are the
Inspector-General'::; Department and departments devoted to war rec·
ords, publications, etc.
In this connection it may be of interest to the general reader to
refer b~iefix t? a few fac~s concernif!g the Regular Armr... Th(' .U~ted
States 1s div1ded for this purpose mto a number of m1htary dtstncts~
The head of each department r eceives his general instructions and
orders from headquarters. The term of service in the Regular Army is
five years. The pay of private soldiers at the start is flS per month
and rations, and ·this is increased according to time of service, being t21
,
per month and rations after twenty years' service. The pay of the
officers is propor,tioned to their rank. Colonels receive 14,500 per year;
brigad;r..- generals, 85,500; and major generals, $7,500.

I
I

WAVY DEPABTJIENT"

The head of this department is the Secretary of the Navy, who is
appointed by the President, and receives a salary of JS,OOO per annum.
This department is charged with the duty of attending to the constru.c.~
tion, armament, equipment and employment of vessels of war, as w~ll
as all other matters connected with naval affairs, and appropriations
made therefor by Congress. T he Secretary of the Navy has direct
control of the Umted States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland;
issues orders to the commanders of the various squadrons; has genera-l
authority over the Marine Corps; and has control of all the several
bureaus of the Navy Department.
There are a number of bureaus organized in the Navy Department
for the purpose of more thoroughly handling the work, among the:
most important of which may be mentioned the following: Bureau of
Steam Engineering; Bureau of Medicine and Surgery; Bureau of Navi~­
tion; Bureau of Provisions and Clothing; Bureau of Yards and Doc ·
Bureau of Ordnance; Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting; Bureau o
Construction and Repair. Attached to this depaTtment are also officials
or bureaus to a~t end to the following matters: Marine Barracks, Washington, D. C.; Museum of Hygiene; Naval D ispensary; Board of
Inspection and Survey; Navy Supplies and Accounts; Naval Obser.vatory; Hydro~raphic Office; Library and War Records; Naval Intelli·
gence; Nautical Almanac, etc.
Rear-admirals in the Navy are paid $6,000 per year; commodores;
$5,000; captains, $4,500; lieutenant-commanders, $3,000; medical directors (rank of captains), S4,400; medical inspectors (rank of commanders),
$4,400; pay directors (rank of captains), $4,400; pay inspectors (rank
of commanders), $4,400, In the Engineer Corps the chief engineers are
also paid $4,400 per year.
.
POST OFFICE DEPA.RTMENT,

This is one of the most important branches of the National Government. Its head is the Postmaster-General, who is appointed by the
President, and receives a salary of $8,000 per annum. The Post Office
D epartment has supervision over the execution of all laws passed by
Congress affecting the postal service, and has general supervision over
everything relating to the gatheri ng, carrying and.distribution of United
States mails; superintends the distribution and disposal of all moneys
belonging to, or appropriated for, the department ; and the instruction
of and supervision over all persons in the postal service, with refel'enc'eto their duties.
In providing for handling,the general,work of the Post Office Department i• has bee!) found necessary to create four i urea us, or offices, as
they are termed, each of which is presid ed over by an assistant postmaster-general, who each receive $4,000 per annum ; are all subject to
the direction and supervision of the head of the department. A review
of the~e various bureaus and their principal officials, with the name of
the office, will show very .c learly the work handled by each.
The first assistant postmaster-general is allowed a chief clerk at
$2,000 per year; superintendent of post office supplies, $2,000; superintendent free delivery division, $3,000; chief division of salaries and
allowances, $2,200; superintendent money order system, $3,5.00; s.upe:rintendent D ead L etter Office, $2,500; chief division of correspondence,
$1,800.
T he second assistant postmaster-general has charge of a number of
divisions, indicated by the foll owing officials who are under his control:
superintendent of railway adjustments, at $2,000 per year ; chief of
inspection division, $2,000; chief of mail equipment division, $1,800;
general superintendent railway mail service, $3,500; superintendent
foreii'n mails, $3,000.
The third assistant postmaster-general has charge ot the postage
stamp division and the finance di vision.
The chief of the former
receives $2,550 per a nnum, and of the latter $2,000 p er year.
The fourth assistant postmaster-general h as control of a number
of divisions, as indicated b y the following officials who are under his
sup ervision, viz.: Chief of the division of appointments, who is paid
$2,000 per annum; chief of the division of bonds and commiss-tons,
$2,000; chief post office inspector, $3,000; and the d ivision of mail depredations.
Besides the various chiefs of divisions mentioned above there are
connected with the Post Office Department a law clerk, at $2,500 p er
yea r; appointment clerk, at Sl~800; assistant attorney-general, $4,000;
superintendent and disbursing clerk, $2,100; and a topographer, at
$2,500 per annum.
.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.

WA.R DEPAU'rliiENT.

The War Department was organized in August, 1789. The head of
this department is known as t he Secretary of War; is appointed by the
President, and receives a salary of $8,000 per annum. The War Department attends to the execution of a ll Jaws affecting the Regular Army,
and carries out and performs such duties as may be provid ed for by
law or cl:irected by the Pr~sident re la ti ve to ~i litary forces, military
commissiOns and the warlike stores of the Umted States. In former
years this department also had charge of Indian as well as military
affairs, but this has b een transferred to the Department of the Interior.
The War Department is a lso r equired, among other duties, to maintain
the signal service and provide for taking meteorological observations at
various points on the continent, and give telegraphic notice of the

The Interior Department i·s under the immediate control of the Secretary of the Interior. H e is appointed by the President, and receives. a
salary of $8,000 per year. In this department, as the name implies, is
conducted most of the public business relating to domestic or mternal
affairs, and, like most of the other executive departments, it is d ivided into
a number of subdivisions and branches. The Secretary of the Interior
is charged with a general supervision over public business connected
with the following branches, viz.: 1st. The census of the United States.
2d. All matters connected with public lands. 3d. Everything relating
to the Indians or Indian affairs. 4th. All matters concerning pensions
or bounty lands. 5th. The issuance and filing of patents and caveats.
6th. The custody and distribution of publications. 7th. The compilation of statistics relating to educational matters in the various Stines.

C~~~·-=====~~;;;:::::::::::::::;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;:::::::::;;::;;;;::;;~
ENl'BIID AOOOBDING TO AC1r 02 CONGBBI:l8 IN 'llBB Y&.Ul A. D.

1905,

BY GEO• .A.. OGLE & 00.,

~THE OFFICE OF !l'HE LIBRABIAN OF CONGRESS A.!l' WASHINGTON, D, 0.

CIUPPLEMENT 1\1.

DIGEST OF THE SYSTEM
He also bas oversi~bt over several of the Govern!llent's charitable an?
benevolent institutions. For the purJ?OSe of handlmg properly the business connected with most of the subJects mentioned, there are bureaus
organized for the purpose.
The salaries paid to the principal officials connected with the Interior
Department are as follows: First assistant secretary of the interior,
$4,500 per year; assistant secretary, $4,000; chief clerk, 82,750; assist·
ant attorney-general (Def>t of Int-erior), 85,000; commissioner of the
General Land Office, $5,000; commissiOner of Indian affairs, $4,000;
superintendent of Indian schools, $3,000; commissioner of the Pension
Office, $5,000; medical referee, $3,000; commissioner of railroads,
$4,500; commissioner of the Patent Office, $5,000; commissioner of the
Education Office, $3,000; director of geological surveys, $6,000; supermtendent of the Census Office, $6,000.
DEPAif.'l'ltiENT 01<' AGUICULT1JRF..

This ciepartment was formerly connected with the Interior Department, but in 1889 it was reorgamzed and made independent, and the
Secretary of Agriculture was made a member of the Cabinet. The head
of this department is appointed by the President, and receives a salary
of $8,000 per annum.
The gene~al duty and design of the Depa rtn:ent of Agricultur~ is to
acquire and diffuse among the people of the United States usefulmformation on subjects connected with agriculture in the most general and
comprehensive sense of that word, and to procure, propagate and dis'
tribute among the people new and valuable seeds and plants.
, The following is a list of the chief officials connected with die
Department of Agriculture and their salaries, and the list will also serve
to indicate the various lines of work handled by and the various duties
which devolve u pon the department, viz.: Assistant secretary of agriculture receives $4,500 per annum; chief of Weather Bureau, $4,500;
chief of Bureau of Animal Industry, $3,000; statistician, &'2,500; chemist,
$2,500; entomologist, $2,500; botanist, $2,500; ornithologist, $2,500; chief
of forestry division, $2,000; pomologist, $2,500; chief of vegetable pathology division, $2,000, microscopist, $2,500; director of office of exQerimental stations, $25,000; chief division of accounts, $2,500; chief Qf
division of records and editing, $2,500; chief of division of illustrations
and engravings, $2,000; horticulturist, $2,500.
·
DEPAnTlUENT OF J1JSTICE,

The head of the Department of Justice is the Attorney-General,
who is appointed by the President, and receives a salary of $8,000 per
an)1um. The princ1pal assistant of the Attorney-General is the SolicitorGeneral, who receives $7,000 per year. There are a number of assistant attorney-generals who receive $5,000 per annum, and a special
assistant attorney-general is appointed for nearly all of the various
departments, including the Treasury, State, Post Office and Interior Departments. Besides tbese there are a number of special officials connected with the Department of Justice, such as examiner of titles, who
r.eceives $2,750 per annum; superintendent of buildings, $2,500; appointment and disbursing clerk, $2,000, and attorney in charge of
pardons, $2,400.
The Attorney-General is the legal adviser of the President, and it is
the duty of the Department of /ustice to give all opinions and render
all services requiring the skill o persons learned in the law necessary
to enable the President and other officers of the various Government
departments to discharge their respective duties. This department is
also required to prosecute or defend all suits or proceedings m which the
United States is interested. The Attorney-General has general supervision over all the solicitors for the various departments; and also exercises general superintendence and direction over all United States
marshals and Umted States district attorneys of all the districts of the
United States and Territories.
INDEPENDENT DEPAnTltiENTS.

OF

Cl'~riL

ard of weights and measures;. to declare war; to raise and support
armies (but it is provided that no appropriation for this purpose can be
for a longer period than for two years); to provide and maintain a navy;
to grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water; to make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces; to establish postoffices and post-roads;
to promote the progress of science and the useful arts by securing for
limited,times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and d iscoveries; to constitute tribunals mferior to the
Supreme Court; to define and punish piracies a nd felonies committed
on the high seas and offenses against the law of nations; to exercise
exclusive legislation over the District of Columbia and places purchased
for forts, magazines, arsenals, etc.; and further to make all laws necessary for the general welfare of the United States, and for "carrying into
execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by the Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any department
or officer thereof." The Constitution expressly forbids Congress making
any law respecting the establishment of • ~ ligion, or prohibiting the
free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech, or oi the
pres!j, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition
the Government for a redress of grievances. Congress cannot suspend
the privilege of the writ of habeas corj;us except in cases of rebellion or
invasion when the public safety may require it. No bill of attainder: or
ex post facto law can be passed. No tax or duty can be laid on articles
exported from any State. No preference can be g iven by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one State over those of
another. No title of nobility can be granted. Every law passed by
Congress must b e submitted to the President for his approval. If he
returns it with his objections, or vetoes it, the measure inay be passed
over his veto by a two-thirds vote of both branches of Congress.
The Senate, or the "Upper House of Congress," is composed of two
Senators from each State in the Union. They are elected by the Les-islatures of their respective States, for the term of six years, and receive a
salary of $5,000 per annum. No person can be elected to the United
States Senate who has not attained the age of thirty years, been nine
years a citizen of the United States, and is when elected an inhabitant
of the State from which he is chosen. The Senate has sole power to try
all impeachments. Its consent and confirmation is necessary for all
important officers appointed by the President. Its consent is also necessary to conclude any treaty.
The House of Representatives is the" Lower House of Congress."
Each State in the Union is divided into congres5ional districts, of as
nearly equal population as is practicable. In each district a representative is elected by the people for a term of two year.:;, and eacn is paid
a salary of $5,000 per year. Besides these, a delegate from each organized Territory is a dmitted to the House of Representatives, who is not
entitled to vote, but has the rig ht to debate on all subjeGts in which the
Territory which h e represents has an interest. No person can be a representative who has not attained the age of twenty-five vears, been for
seven years a citizen of th e United States, and 1s at the time of his
election an inhabitant of the State from which he is cho~en. All bills
for raising revenue must originate in the House of Representati·~es.

ernor s hould dev~lve upon him, he shall during the continuance of such
emerge~cy be entitled to the emoluments thereof. The principal duty
of the Lieutenant-Governor is to act as the presiding officer of the State
Senate or Upper House of the State Legislature. In case a vacancy
should occur m the office of Governor, the Lieutenant-Governor would
act as Governor ~ntil such vacancy was filled by election; and in all
cases where tt;: Lieutenant-Governor is unable to act as presiding ofhcer
o~ the Senate, a President pro tempore is chosen by that body. The
Lieutenan~-<,;l?vernof has no vote in the Senat~ except in cases of a tie
or equr 1 d1v1s1on of. t'he members.
SECRE'I'ARY OF S'l'&TE.

. '.fbe offi~e of Secretary of State is one of the most important offices
Wltbm. the g1ft of the .peeple o~ a State, and the office exists under this
·name m everY. State 10 tlie Umon. The Secretary of State may be said
to.b~ the _official secretary ?f the .Goyernor, and. countersigns all commiss.ons 1ssued by the chtef execut1ve, and he 1s the custodian of the
Great Seal of the State. As a rule i~ is the duty of the Secretary of
State to call th~ I:Iouse of Representatives to order and preside until a
temporary pres1dmg officer, or SQeaker, is elected. It is his duty to see
that halls are prt':par~d for the Leg islature or General Assembly; he
p~epare~ the legislativ~ '!lanual at;~d ~au~es it to be printed and distnbuted, secure~ the prm.t mg and d!stnbut1on of the State laws; indexes
and files executive documents; provides and distributes election blanks ·
has <:harge ..of all books, bills, papers, etc., of the Legislature, and i~
practically keepe.r of all. public acts, laws, records, bonds, etc." The
Secretary of State IS reqmred to keep a register of all the official acts of
the Governor, and affixes the Seal of the State to all official commissions
etc., keeps a record of them, and is obliged to give any person a copy of
the sa~e when demanded. In all of the States the Secretary of State is
ex-ojJiczo member of a number of the official State boards, but no list of
~hese coul~ be g1ven that would apply to all States, as they are different
m the vanous States.
·
STATE A.CDITOR.

The office of Auditor of State exists under one name or aoother in

-~~arlY. every Stote in the :Union. The title of this office, however, is not
ahke m ~11 the Stat~s, as m many of them, notably California, Connecticut, ~lond~, Georgia, Maryland, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, South

Carolma, 1 ennessee, Texas, and a few others, it is known as Sta!e
Con:ptroller. In_ a few of th~ States, including Michigan and Pennsylvam~, the office IS cal!e? Aud1tor-General, and in two ot th e States the
pnbhc accounts are audited by a Board of Auditors In all the States
however, the d~:~ties that devolve upon this branch ~f the State govern:
ment are pract1cally the same, a~d a general explanation of the scope of
work ban~led by t~e State Auditor m oue State will apply, except as
rega!ds mmor details, to all of the States. It is the duty of the State
Auditor to ~eep the a_ccounts of the State with any other State or Terri~orx, ~nd w1th t~e Unaed States. and a ll public officers, corporations and
1ndiv1d~als havmg accounts With his State. He audits the accounts of
all pubhc officers who are to be paid out of the State Treasury, and a ll
persons who a!e auth~rized to receive !lloney out of the State Treasury.
In fact, all cla 1ms agamst the State wh1ch are to be paid out of the State
Tr~asury ~ust be presented to the Auditor, who, after the same is
STATE GOVERNMENT.
adJusted, 1ssues warrants the!efor payable at the Treasury! A com·
plete reco~d of each warrant IS kept by the Auditor, who also keeps an
HE method of State government throughout the United '3tates !l-CCount w1th the State :r~easurer! charging him with all moneys paid
follows very closely the general plan of government that pre- mto the Treasury, and g1vmg cred1t for all warrants paid, and the books
vails in natiOnal affairs. The various functions of government and vouchers of the Treasury must balance therewith as settlements
in State affairs are handled in departments, with a S tate officer are made between. the~e two officer.s at stated intervals.' In a number of
at the head of '~ach branch, and the lines are clearly drawn the Stat~s the Aud1tor .1s charged w1th a ge_neral supervision over certain
between the exec uti ve, l ~g islative and judici2l powers. All the States corporations, s~ch. as msura~ce and barikmg corporations and building
are governed under a constitution, which outlines and defines the and loan associations, and m 5ome States is ex-officio a member of a
powers which each of tl:ese departments shall exercise and possess. number .of St~te boar<;Js. He generally has authority to make and exeAll of the most importam State officials a re elected by tbepeople, but cute satisfactiOns of Jl1dgments and assignments thereof in behalf of
in many of the States the less important offices are filled by appoint· the State.
ment of tbe Governor, by and with the consent of the State Senate.
STA.TE TREASlJRER,

T

There are several independent departments, which, although none
of them are as important as the foregoing, and their heads are not
GOVERNOR.
Cabinet members, yet they form a very necessary part and attend to
very ill)portant branches of the National Government.
The Governor is the highest executive officer in all the States of the
Government Printing Office. The head of this branch of public Union, and is elected by a d irect vote of the people. The term of office
work is the Public Printer, who is appointed by the President, and varies materially in the different States, ranging from two to six years.
receives a salary of $4,500 per year. His chief clerk is paid $2,400 p er As to the matter of salary that the Governor receives, it also differs
year, and there is a foreman of printing and a foreman of binding, widely throughout the different States and is subject to frequent change.
each of whom receive $2,100 p er annum.
.
At the present writing two States-New York and Pennsylvania-Ray
Civil S ervice Commission. This commission consists of three com- their Governors $10,000 p er year; Illinois and California both pay $6,000
missioners, each of whom are paid $3,500 per year. The chief examiner per annum ; Minnesota, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Missouri,
connected with the commissiOn is paid $3,000 per annum, and the Nevada, New Jersey, Virginia and Wisconsin all pay 55,000 per year;
Maryland pays $4,500; Michigan, Louisiana, Mississippi, Ohio, Tennessecretary $2,000.
Interstate Commerce Commission. This commission was created see and Texas pay $4,000, Florida and Arkansas pay $3,500; Alabama,
for the purpose, and charged with t~e duty, of seeing that the la'Ys regu- · Colorado, Iowa, Kansas and North <;:arolina all pay $3,000; West Virlating interstate commerce were faithfully executed and observed, and ginia, $2,700; Montana and Washmgton, $2,600; the Dakotas and
to prevent unjust discrimination on the part .Ji railway corporations and Nebraska, $2,500; Connecticut, Delaware and Maine, $2,000; Oregon,
common carriers. The commission consists of five commissioners $1,500, and New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont $1,000. Aoout
appointed from different sections of the United States, each of ~vh?m the only statement concerning the qualifications required for this office
receives a salary of $7,500 per year. The secretary of the commiSSIOn that would be common to all the States is that h e must be a citizen of
the State in whi ch he is elected. In most of the States, in addition to
receives a salary of $3,500 p er annum.
Department of Labor. T he general design of th is department i ~ to the salary named, the Governor is furnished with a residence, which is
·
collect, assort and systematize ·stati stical details relating to the different known as the " Executive Mansion."
The powers and dutiestthat devolve upon the Governor are about
branches of labor in the United States. The head of this department is
known as the Commissioner of the Department o! Labor, and he is paid the same in all of tl1e States. H e is charge~ with a general SUJ?ervision
a salary of $5,000 per annum. His chief clerk receives $2,500 per year, over the faithful execution,p~\h'e~ws, and 1s the legal custodmn of all
the prop~rty of the Sta.tc 1\1PtJ6ectfro.'llly entru~ted to other officers by
and disbursing clerk $1,800.
law, and IS a uthorized to~te"'f mrmary possessiOn of such property. He
J1JDICIART,
is e.xpected to c~mmtp\k\1~) fn~age to. each · sessi<;m of the St~te
The judicial power s of the United States are vested in th e following- leg islature such mformatitln recmRmendat!OnS regardmg State affairS
named courts, viz.: The United States S upreme Court, consisting of as be may deem necess-.,tl'y":lli. IiJ~. an4 he is empowered to call extr-"1.
p ublic welfare may demantl. He
one chief justice and eight associate justices; the United States Court sessions of that body whctreve'r
of Claims which consists of one chief justice and four judges; the accounts to the same body for a ll moneys received and paid out, and
United St~tes Circuit Court of Appeals; and the United States Circuit presents estimates of amounts to be raised by taxation for various purand District Courts. All judges of United States Courts are appointed poses. He has a negative (or veto) upon all laws passed by the Legislafor life, or during "good behavior.'' T he chief justice of the United ture, but it is !Jrovided that measures may be passed over his veto by a
States Supreme Court receives a salary of $10,500 per annum, and the two-thirds vote of that body. The Governor IS commander-in·chief of
associate justices $10,000 each. The circuit judges receive a salary of the State military or naval forces; and has authority to call out such
$6,000 each per annum, district judges $5,000, and judges of the Court forces to preserve peace and execute the laws when the local authorities
are unable to accomplish this. He may require the opinion of the variof Claims $4,500 each per year.
ous State officers upon any subject relating to theirrespective offices, and·
-.,The jurisdiction oi the"United States Courts extends to all cases in examines
approves the bonds of State officials. In many States the
law and in equity arising under the Constitution, the laws of the United Governor and
has power to grant reprieves and pardons, after conviction,
States, and treaties; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public for all offenses
against the State except in cases of impeachment; !>ut
ministers and consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdic- in a few of the States
the pardoning power is vested inJa board selectc•l
tion; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party; to for
purpose, of which the Governor is generally ex-officio a member.
controversies b etween two or more States; between a State and a citizen Thethat
has the appointment of a number of State officers, and in
of a nother State; between citi11ens of different States; b etween citizens of manyGovernor
cases if an elective office becomes vacant he has power to fill it
the same State claiming lands under gr~nts '?£.differen t State~ . In all by' appointment;
has power in many States to suspend a State officer, or
cases affecting ambas~adors, other public m1msters and. ~ons ~ls! a~d even a county officer,
pending a legal investigation. The Governor issues
thos~ in which a State IS a party the Supreme Court has ongmal JUriSdicupon the executives of other States for parties charged with
tion. In the other cases the Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction. requisitions
<;rime who escape to other States, and he has power to issue warra.lts for
fleeing criminals upon requisition of other Governors.

*.k

LEGISLATIVE DEPAR'I'lii.N'l'.

Th~ legislative powers of the United States are vested in a Cong ress, which consists of a Senate and House of Representatives, and
which meets annually a~ Washington on the fi.rst Monday of December.
The constitution gives to Congress the following general powers: To
lay and collect taxes, duties, 1mposts and excises; pay the debts vf the
United States; borrow money on the credit of the United States; to regulate commerce; to establish uniform laws on naturalization and bank·
ruptcy; to coin money and regulate the value thereof; fix the stand-

-·

GOVERNMENT. ,

LIE1JTEN&NT-GOVERNOR.

The office of Lieutenant-Governor does not exist in all of the States
in the Union, at least not under this name, as in a few of the States this
officer is only known as the President of the State Senate. In some of
the States the Lieutenant-Governor is paid a certain amount per day
during sessions of the Legislature or General Assembly, and in others
he is allowed a fixed salary, but it is provided that if the duties of Gov-

UTERED ACCORDING TO ACT OF CO.NGRESS IN THlC YEAR A. D.

tilOS. DY

cmo.

A. OGLE & CO.,

This is o~e of the most important executive offices in the gift of the
pe~ple of a State. The State Treasurer handles vast sums of the peoples mon~y~ and !iS a ru~e a verY. heavy bond, ranging from $500,000 up
mto the m1lhons, IS requ!r~d of h1m; all:d generally the Governor is empowered to demand add1t10nal bonds 1f he deems the bond insufficient
tp fully protect the State.
1
The duties of the State Treasurer are implied by the title of the
office, ~nd they are very much the same throughout all of the States of
the UJ?!On. The State Treasurer is custodian of all the State funds H e
depos1ts the~e funds in banks, which give bonds to secure the Trea'surer
?r State ag~mst loss, and which pay interest on daily balances. The
freasurer pays out State funds only on warrants issued or signed by the
?tate A~ditor, or other. J?rOper official, and a full record of all warrants
IS ~ept m both the aud1t1!1g office and Treasurer's office. The plan by
w.h1ch the Treasurer rece1ves the revenues of the State is different in
d1ffe_rent States. In some States the Auditor iss ues an order for hiQl to
rece1ve the same a nd. charges the am?unt ag-ainst the Treasury In
others he IS charged w1th all moneys wh1ch he 1s entitled to receive and
~hen given ~redit for. delinquencies. In still other States the Trea~urer
1~sues duplicate rec.e1pts for all moneys paid in, which must be countersigned by th~ Auditor to be valid, and one of these must be deposited
With ~be Auditor, so h e may <;:ba rge. the amount against the Treasurer.
In th!s way a double system IS earned on- both Auditor and Treasurer
keepmg a full account of all moneys received and paid out and their
books and accounts must balance, as at slated intervals the 'Treasurer
must make sett}ements with the Auditor and s ubmit books, vouchers,
etc., ~o the Leg1~lature. In m_ost o~ the States the State Trea surer is
~equ!red to pubhsh at stated t1~1es, m the newspapers at the capital, an
1tem1~ed statement of th~ pubhc accounts, expenditures, funds, receipts
~nd ?Isbursements. He IS also.required to make a complete report and
1tem1zed statement t? each sesSIO;ll,Of. the L_egislature. In nearly all of
the States the law 1~ very. exphc1t 111 outlmmg the duties of the State
Treasurer, ~he followmg bemg very common provisions in relation to
the office, v1z.: . That ~ complet~ record of all moneys must be kept,
showmg what IS receiVed or pa1d out of the various "funds " which
"funds" must be exhibited in separate accounts. In sever; I of the
States the Governor and one or two other State officials constitute a
board, which must at certain times examine and ch eck up the accounts
books !lnd vouchers of the State Treasurer and ascertain the amount of
funds m th_~ Treasury.
.
ATTORNEY-tilENERAL,

The Attorney-General, ~s the name implies, is the general legal
counsel or lawyer for the vanous branches of the State gov<:rnment. In
a)l ?f the St~tes _the powers and duties of the Attorney-General are very
suml_a r. ~t IS h1s duty to appea~ for ~he State in all actions and pro~ee9mgs m the Supre~1e Court m wh1cb the State has an interest; to
mstltute and J?rDSec_ute 111 all courts all actions, either for or a~ainst a
Sta~e officer, 1;11 wh1ch the State has an interest; to consult w1th and
adv1~e the ~anous county or sta~e·s. attorneys in matters relating to their
o~c1!ll duties, an? when r.ubh_c mterest requires he assists them in
cnmmal prosecutions. It IS h1s duty to consult with and advise the
G~v~rnor and other State. o~cers, and ~ive, when requested, written
opu;uons on legal or .const1tu~u;mal questiOns relating to their official
duties, and t~ g1ve wntten OPI;lllOns wh~n requested by the Leg is lature
or any committee thereof. It 1s als<? _h1s duty ,-..... prepare, when necessary, draft~ f~r contracts or ot~er wn~mgs relatmg to subjects in which
t~e State IS mterest~d. He IS required to enforce the proper applicatiOn of funds appropnateu to the variou~ '>tate institutions and prosecute breacbeJ; of trust in the administration of the same; and when

IN THE OFFICE 0,1, THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS AT WASmNGTON, D. C,

......·'

~

'
DIGEST OF THE SYSTEM OF CIVIL
OTHER STATE Oll'FICERS.

necessary prosecute corporations for fail ure or refusal to comply with
the laws; to prosecute official bonds of delinquent officers or corporations in which the State has an interest. The Attorney-General is
required to keep a record of all actions, complaints, opinions, etc.

GOVER,:,:::.:

In all of the States there exist one or more oth er State officers in
addition to tho::e already mentioned, which are made necessary by local
condition or local business interests. It is, therefore, unnecessary to
mention any of these at length in this article. It may be stated, howSTATE SlJPEJtiNTENDENT OR SUPERI.N!IENOENT Olt' PUB- ever, that in all of the States may be .found two or more of the following
LIC INSTBlJCTION.
State officers, and further, that each one of the following-named officers
is found in some State in the Union, viz.: Superintendent or commissioner
This is an office which exists in nearly every State in the Union. In of agriculture, commissioner of mines, secretary of agricultural board,
three or four of the States the management of the educational interests secretary of internal affairs, clerk and reporter of the Supreme Court,
of the State is vested in a State Board of Education, but in these cases commissioner of railways, commissioner of immig r?.tion, State printer,
the secretary of the board assumes most of the detail work that in most State binder, land ageilt or commissioner, commissioner, reg1ster or
of the States devolve upon the State Superintendent. The full title superintendent of State land office, register of lands, commissioner of
given to this office is not the same in all of the States, but it is generally schools and lands, surveyor-general, inspector-general, State oil in~p ec­
called "State Superintendent of Public Instruction or Public Schools." tor, dairy commissioner.
In Ohio, Maine and Rhode Island, and a few others, the office is termed
"Commissioner of Schools."
·
STATE ~OARD!§.
The duties of the State Superintendent are very much alike in all
of ~he S~ates, as he is charged with a general supervision over the eduBesides the officers and departmen ts which have already been mencational mterests of the St~te and of the public schools. In many States tioned, there are a number of State boardE or bureaus that are necessar)'
his authotity is not limited to the public schools, and he is authorized in carrying on the complex business connected with the government of
by law to d~mat?cl fu ll reports from all college~, academies or private a State. The following list of such State boards and bureaus includes
schools. It IS h1s duty to secure at regular intervals reports from all all that can be found in the majority of the States; some of them, aowsuch educational institutions and file all papers, reports and docu- ever, are only found in a few of the States, because they are of a local
ments transmitted to him by local or county school officers. He is the nature and are only made necessary by the existence of ce rtain local
'j general adviser and assistant of the various county superintendents or condi tions or business interests. It will also b e observed that some of
boards named cover the same line of work that has already been
l sc~o;:>l officers, to. whom. ~1e must give, when requested, his written the
op1mon upon questiOns a n smg under the school law. It is also h is duty mentioned as belonging to some State officer. This grows from the fact
a few of the States place the management of certain lines of work
!O hear ~nd determine controversies arising under the school laws com- that
in the hands of a State board, while in others, instead of having a State
mg to !urn by appeal from a county superintendent or school official. board
they delegate the powers and duties to a single State official.
He prepare~ and distributes school r egisters, school blanks, etc., and is A ll of the
States, however, have a number of the State boards ment1oned
generally g1ven the power to make. such rules and regulations as are in this list, t he names of which imply the line of work each attends t o,
necessary .to carry into efficient and uniform effect the provisions of the viz.: Railroad and wa rehouse commissioners, board of equalization, board
laws r~latmg to schools. The State Superintendent is required to make or commission of agriculture, university trustees, board or commission~ detailed report to each regular session of the State Legislature, showers of public charities, canal commissioners, penitentiary comm issioners,
ll_1g an abstr~ct of the common school reports; a statement of the condi- board of health, dental examiners, trustees of historical library, board
tion of pubhc schools and State educational institutions; the amount of of pharmacy, commission ot claims, live stock commissioners, f1sh commoney collected and expended, and all other matt'ers relating to t he missioners. inspectors of coal mines, labor commissioners, board of edus~hools or school fun~ls that haye been reported to him. He is for- cation, board of public works, board of pardons, assessment commisbidden from becommg mterested 111 the sale of a ny school furniture, book sioners.
or apparatus.
STA.TE LmBABIAN.

U

LEGISLATURE OR GENERAL ASSEMBLY.

In nearly a ll .of the States the laws provide for a State officer under
the title of "Sta te Librarian." As a rule the office is filled by appointment of the Governor, a lthough· in a few States it is an elective office
a nd is filled b y direct vote of the people. The State Librarian is the
custodian of all the books and property belonging to the State Library,
and is required to g ive a bond for the prop'!r discharge of his duties
and safekeeping of the property intrusted to his care, as in many of the
States the .State Library is an immensely important and valuable collection. In some of the 9tates the Supreme Court judges prescribe all
libra r'y rules and regulations. In others they have a Library Board of
T rustees, which is sometimes made up of the Governor and certain
other State officials, who constitute a board of commissioners for the
management of the State Library.

The law-ma king power of every State is termed the "Legislative
Department." The legislative power, acco...-ding to t he constitutions of
the various States, is vested in a body termed the Legislature or General
Assembly,which consists of an Upper and Lower Housl!, designated usually as the Senate and House of Representatives. In a ft:w of the
States the Lower House is called" The Assembly: · I n mc•st of the
States the Legislature meets in regular sessions every two years, but
this is not the universal rule, as in a few of the States the law I?rovides
for annual'sessions. In all of the States, however, a provision IS made
whereby the Governor may, on extraord inary occasipns, call a special
session by i ssu i n~ a proclamation.
The Legislative pepartment has t he power to pass all such laws as
may be necessary for the welfare of the State, and carry into effect the
provisions of the constitution. The Legislature receives the reports
A.DJlJTAXT-GENEBAL.
of the Governor, together with.the reports of the various other State officers; they provide by appropriation for the ordinary and contingent
In nearly all of the. States provision is made for an Adjutant-Gen- expenses of the government; at regular times provided by law they
eral, who is· either elected by the people or appointed by the Governor. apportion the State into p olitical districts, and make all other provisions
The name of the office implies the branch of work which is handl ed by for carrying on the State government. There is a general prohibi tion
its incumbent. It is the duty of the Adjutant-General to issue and trans- against the passage of any ex post facto law, or la w impair;.1g the oblimit all orders of the Commander-in-Chief with reference to the militia gation of contracts, or making any irrevocable grant of StJecial privor milita ry organizations of the State. He•keeps a record of all military ileges or immunities. Any measure to become a law must be passed
officers commissioned by the Governor, and of all general and special by both branches of the Legislature, and then be presented to th e Govorders and regulations issued,· and of all other matters relating to the ernor for his approval. If he withholds his approval (or vetoes it), the
men, property, ordnance, stores, camp and garrison equipage pertain- measure may be repassed by a two-thirds vote of the Legislature, when
ing co the State militia or military forces.
it will b ecome a law notwithstanding the Governor's veto.
PlJBLIC EXA.UI.NER OB BANK EXAUINE.R.

This is a State office that is found in only about one-half of the
States. In some Stat es it is known as Bank Comptroller and in others the
duties which devolve upon this officer are handled by a "department"
in the State Auditor's office. . The general duties and plan of conducting this work, in many respects, is very similar, but there is a great difference between the various States in the officers. who attend to it.
Where this is made a separate State office, generally speaking, the
requirements are that he must be a skilled accountant and expert bookkeeper, and cannot be an officer of any of the public institutions, nor
interested in any of the fina ncial corporations which it may be his duty
to examine. He is charged with the duty of visitin~ and inspecting the
financial accounts _and standing of certain corporations and mstitutions
organized under tne State laws. In several of the States it is also made
h1s duty to visit certain county officials at stated intervals, and inspect
their books and accounts, and e·,.force a uniform system of bookkeeping
by State and county officers.
COUJJIISSIONER OR SlJP.ERI.NTENDE.NT OF INSlJRANCE.

SENATE.

The Senate is the Upper House of the Legislature or General Assembly. The various States are divided into senatorial districts, in each of
which a Senator is elected-the term of office varyin~ from two to four
years. Except in three or four of the States the p res1ding of-ficer of the
Senate is the Lieutenant-Governor, although a President jJ?"O tem. is
usually elected, who acts as presiding officer during the absence of the
Lieutenant-Governor. The presiding officer has no vote, however, in
the Senate, except when that body is equally divided. Every Senator
has one vote upon all questions, and the right to be heard in advocating
or opJ?OSing the passage of any measure brought before the Legislature.
In filhng a ll of the most important State offices that a re to be appoil') ted
by the Governor, the appointments must be approved or confirmed by
the Senate.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

The Lower House of the State Leg islature, in nearly if 110t quite all
the States of the Union, is termed the House of Representatives. Like
the Senators, every member of the House has the right to be heard in
advocating or opposing any measure brought before the body of which
he is a member. The Bouse is given the sole power of impeachment,
but a ll impeachments must be tried by the Senate. As a general rule,
there is a provision that all bills for raising revenue must ol'iginate in
the House.

In all of the States of the Union the department relating ·to insurance has g rown to be an important branch of State government. The
method of controlling the insurance business differs materially in many
of the States, a lthough they are all gradually moving in the same direction, viz., creating a department or State office in which all matters
relating to insurance and insurance companies are attended to. In forJUDICIARY.
mer years, in nearly all of the States, the insurance business formed a
department in the State Audi tor's office, a nd was handled by him or h is
The
"]
udicial
Department"
is justly regarded as one of the most
afpointees. Now, however, in nearly all the Northern States and many
o the Southern States, they have a separate and distinct insurance important a nd powerful branches of governmeut of either the State ordepartment, the head of which is either elected by the p eople or Nation, as it becomes the duty of this department to pass upon and
appointed by the Governor. The duties and powers of the insurance interpret, and thereby either annul or g ive valid ity to all the most
dei?artment of the various States are very s1milar. A g eneral pro- important measures and acts of both the legislative and executive
vision is that the head of this dep,artment must be experienced in insur- branches of the government.
It is "impossible in a general article to give a detailed review or
ance matters, and he is prohibited from holding an interest in any insurance company. The Commissioner or Superintendent of I nsurance has description of the construction and make-up of the judicial departments
extensive powers concerning insurance matters, and it is !:).is duty to see of the various States. T he courts are so differently arranged both as to
that all laws respecting and regulating insurance and insurance com- 'their make-up and jurisdiction that it would be useless to try to give the
panies are faithfully observed; he ,issues licenses t o insurance com- reader a general description that would accurately cover the g round.
In all of the States, except, possibly, one or two, the highest judicial
panies, and it is his duty to revoke the license of any company not conforming to the law. Reports are made .t o him a t stated times by the authority of the State is known as the Supreme Court, a nd unless quesvarious companies, and be bas power to examine fully into their condi- tions are involved which give the United States Courts jurisdiction, it is
tion, assets, etc. He files in his office the various documents relating to the court of last resort. The Supreme Court is m ade up of"a chief
insurance companies, together with th eir statements; etc., and at regular justice and the several associate Justices or judges as may be yrovided
for by the laws of the various States, usually from fom to six. Generally
intervals makes fu ll reports to the Govemor or Legislature.
these officers a re elected by the people, either from th e State a t la rge or
(in three of the States) as representing certain districts, but this is not
COi?IMISSION.ER OF LABOR STATISTICS.
the case always, as in several States they are chosen by the Governor or
ln several of the States a "Commissioner of Labor Statistics " is Legislature. In all of the States the Supreme Court has a ppellate jurisappointed by the Governor; who is the head of what may b e termed the diction both in law and in equity, and has origina l jurisdiction in remelabor bureau. In a g reat majority of the States, however, this bra nch dial cases, mandamus, habeas corpus and cases relating to the revenue,of work is taken care of by a board of labor commissioners, a bureau of but there is no trial by jury in this com t.
statistics or by the State Auditor and his appointees. The general desig n
Various other courts a re provided for by the laws of the different
of this bureau or commission is to collect, assort and systematize, and Stat es, such as appellate courts, circuit or district courtS,f)rob at e courts,
present in regular reports to the Legislature, statistical details relating county courts, superior courts, m unicipal courts, courts o justices of the
to the different departments of labor in the State, and make such recom- peace, etc. The jurisdiction of all these courts is , of course, inferior to
mendations as may be deemed proper and necessary concerning the tha t of the S up reme Court, and varies greatly in the d1fferent States.
commercial, industrial, social, educational and sanitary conditions of Besides these, where there are large cities, various other courts are also
the laboring classes.
.
established to aid in caring for t ne enormous amount of judicial work
INTERED ACCORDING TO A(Jf 011' COKGRBSS Ill ...1m YEAR A. D.

1905, BY GEO. A . OGLE &

,.
CO.,

SUPPLEMENT V.

b"''"'"

TOe'"'"'" l

:"'h m t a" d oompl<>
inte"'"·
courts are als;) provided wi th the necessary officials for carying on the 1
juJicial business- such a.s clerks of cou rt, court reporters, h<l.iliff~,etc.
~

COUNTY GOVERNMENT.

S

O far as the princi pal c0unty of-fices are concerned, the general
arrangement and methotl of handling the public business is very
much the same in all of the States; but the offices are called by
different names, and in minor details-such as transfen ing from
one of-fice to another certain minor lines of work-there are a
number of point s in which the method of county government in the various
States d iffers. The writer has adopted the names of the principal county
offices; which are most common in the Northern States, as in the Southern and N.ew E ngland States there are scarcely any two States in which
the names or titles of all the county offices are identical.

f~UDITING

OFFICE AND CLERK OF THE COlJ.NTY BOARD.
>!11

Generally the principal auditing officer of the county is known as
the " county auditor" or "county clerk." In I llinois, Kansas, Missouri,
Wisconsin and many other States the office is called" county clerk.'' In
Indiana, Iowa , Minnesota, North Dakota, Ohio a nd others it is termed
" county auditor:· In a few of the States under certain conditions this
offic<: i~ ~erged with s~m~ other county office. A notable example
of th1s ISm the State of M1ch1gan, where they have one official, under the
simp le title of ~·clerk," who looks after about all of the work which in
most of the States devolves upon both th e county clerk and also clerk of
court. In all of the States a bond in a moderate sum is required of the
county clerk or auditor, and he is paid a salary of from $1,500 to $3,500
per year, besides in sol!le States being allowed certain fees, unless it is in
a very large and heav1ly populated county, where the salary paid is of
necessity much higher than this a monnt. No county treasurer or member of the county board is eligible to this office. In general terms it
may. be stated as a rule the aud_itor acts as the clerk or secretary of the
offic1al county board, although m a few of the States the court clerk is
required to look after this matter. The c1erk of the county board keeps
an accurate record of the board's proceedings and carefully preserves
all documeuts, record&,· books, maps and papers which may be brought
before the board, ?~ which the law provides sh~ll be deposited in his
office. In th. · audltmg office an accurate account IS kept w1th the county
treasurer. Ge lerally they file the dupli{:ates of the receipts given by
the county treasurer, charg.ing him wi th all money paid into the treasury
and g iving credit for all warrants paid. The general plan of paying
claims against a county is as follows: If the claim is one in wh1ch the
amount due'is fixed by law, or is ·authorized to be fixed by some other
person or tribunal, the a uditor issues a warrant or order which will be
paid b y the treasurer, the certificate upon which it is allowed being duly
fil ~d . In all other cases the claim must be allowed by the county board,
and the chairman or presiding officer issues a warrant or order which
is attested by the clerk . A complete record of :.\11 these countywarrants
or orders is kept, and the accounts of the county t reasure'r must balance
therewith. T he above in general terms outline the most important
b ra nch of work which the county clerk or county auditor looks after in
most of the States, but in all of the States the law requires him to look
after a number of other matters, although in these there is no uniformity
between t he various States, and no general description of these m inor or
additional duties could be.given that would apply to all the States. .·
COlJNTY TREA.SlJRER,

T his Is an office which exists in all of the States, and it is one of the
most important of the various offices necessary in carrying on the business of a county. It is an elective office in all of: the States, and the
term of office is usually either two or four years, out a very common
provision in the various Stat<::,<; is that after serving for one teri:n as
county treasurer a party shall be ineligible to the office until the intervention of at least one t~rm after the expiration of the term for which
he was elected. This P.rovision, however, does not exist in all of the
States, as in some of them the county treasurer is eligible fo r re-election
for any number of terms.
The general dunes of the county treasurers throughout the various
States is very similar: The county treasurer. is t!le principal custodian
of the funds belongmg to the county. I t IS h1s duty to receive and
safely keep the revenues and Cll!her public moneys of the county, and
all funds a uthorized to be paid to him, and disburse the same pursuant
to law. He is required to keep proper books of account, in which he
must keep a regular, just and true account of all moneys, revenues and
funds received by him, stating particularly the time, when, of whom
and ou what fund or account each particular sum was received ; and
also of all moneys, revenues and funds paid out by him according to
law, stating p articularly the time when, to whom and on what fund
payment is made from. The books of the county treasurer must
a lways be subject to the im;pe<:.tion of the county board, which, at stated
intervals, examines his bocu ..tnd makes settlements with h im. In some
of the States the provision. f the law relating to county treasurer are
very !;trict; some of them proYide for a county b oard of auditors, who
are expected, several times a Y•'ar, to examine the funds, accounts and
vouchers of the treasury without previous notice to the treasurer; and
in some it is provided that this board, or the county board, shall designate a. bank (or banks) in which the treasurer is required to keep the
county funds deposited-the .banks l:.eing required to pay interest on
daily or monthly balances and give bo1; d to indemnify the county against
loss. As a general rule the county trea:;urer is onl y authorized to pay
out county funds on warrants or orders i<;sued by the chairman of the
county board and attested by the clerk, or in certain cases on warrants
or orders of the county auditin g office. A complete record of these
warrants or orders is kept, and the treasm er's accounts must b ala nce
therewi t~. In most of the States the law i; very explicit in directing
how the books and accounts of the county tre<. surer shall be kept.
COlTNTY RECORDER OR REGISTi!:R OF DEEDS.

In a few of the States the office of county recorder or register of
deeds is merged with some other county office, iu counties where the
population falls below a certain amount. A notabl ~ example of this is
fonnd i.n ):loth the Sta.tes of Illinois an~ M_issouri Jand there a re others),
where 1t 1s merged w1th the office of cu cmt clerk m many counties. The
titie of the joint of-fice is "circuit clerk a nd recorder," and the duties of
beth of-fices are looked after by one official.
The duties of the county recorder or register of d eeds a re very
similar in the various States, although in some of the East ~rn and Southern States the office is called by other names. The usual name, however, is county recorder or reg ister of deeds. In Illinois, Indiana; Iowa,
Missouri, Qh1o and many other States, it is called " county recorder."
In Ka!ls~s, Michigan, .Minnesota, North Dakota, Wisconsin ~nd many
more tt 1s called "reg1ster of deeds." In all of the States th1s office is
the repository wherein are ke_pt all records relating to deeds, mortgages,
transfers and contracts affectmg lands within the county. It is the duty
of the recorder or register, as soon as practical after the filing of any
instrument in .writin g in his office entitled to be recorded, to record tlie
sam,~ at length, in the order of the time of its reception, in b ook s provided by the county for that rurpose; and it is his duty to endorse on
all instruments a certifica te o the time when the same wa s filed. All of
the States have sqme of the following p rovisions concerning the duties
of the recorder, but these provisions are not common to all of the States,
viz.\" The register or recorder is not allowed to record an instrument of
I

,,

IN THE OFFICE OF THE LmRARl.AN OF CONGRESS AT WASHINGTON, D. C.

t'

SUPPLEMENT. VI.

DIGEST

OF

any kind unless it is duly executed according to law; he is not obliged ·to the county board or other county offiters in relation to their official
to record any instrument unless his fees are paid in advance; as a rule, duties; to attend, if possible, all preliminary examinations of criminals.
it is unlawful for him to record any map, plat or subdivision of land When requested, he is required to attend sessions of the grand jury
situated within any incorporated city, town or village until it is approved examine witnesses in their presence, give legal advice and see that
by the proper officers of the same. In many Sta tes he is forbidden to proper subpcenas and processes are issued; draw. up indictments and
enter a deed on the records until it has been endorsed " taxes paid" by prosecute the same. The county attorney tS req!-nred, w~en ~equested
the proper official;. he is required to exhibit, free of char~e, all records, ~Y the: Attorney·G~n«:ral, to appear for t~e State tn cases m hts county
and allow copies to be made; he is authorized to admimster oaths and tn whtch t~e State .ts mterested. The county .at!orney makes an annual
take acknowledgments.
r~port to ht" supenor State officer of all tbe cnmtnal cases prosecuted by
htm.
<liBC111T OB

D~S'.l'BIC1" CL~K,

PBOBA.'.l'E O..R COUNTY JlJDGE.

OB CLERK OF C011B'.l'.

The method of handling probate matters is not uniform throughout
In nearly all of the States, each county elects a" clerk of court or t~e yarious
States. In many Sta~es the hig her courts are gi ~en. juriscourts," sometimes also known as circuit clerk, or district clerk, indicat- dtctlon
over probate matters, and mothers they h ave created d1str1cts in
ing the court with which the office is connected. In >orne of the States, which are
held probate courts, whose jurisdiction extends over several
as has already been stated, the office of clerk of court is merged with counties and
takes in other matters besides pu re ly probate affai rs. In
some other county office. This is the case in Illinois and Missouri, a ma jority of the
States, however, particularl y the Western and North ern
where in many counties it is connected with the office of. county record.er.
In Michigan, one official under the name of "clerk " handles th.e busj, States, they elect a county or a p robate judge, who holds court and
r.ess which usually is given to the clerk of court and county clerk or handles the probate matters which a r.ise within his county. The jurisauditor. In Wisconsin, Missouri, Illinois and other States the name di ction of these countY. or probate courts is not always confined '!X·
used is" circuit clerk;" in Kansas, Minnesota, North Dakota and many elusively to probate affairs, being frequently extendeu to many CJther
others the office is called "clerk of district court;" while in many of the matters, and they genera lly include such matters as a pprenticeship
adoptions, minors, etc. In some of the States they have b oth a
States, including Indiana, Ohio, Iowa and others, it is called simply affairs,
county judge and a p robate judge, and in these cases the JUri sdiction of
"clerk" or "clerk of the court or courts."
The chief duty of this official is to act as clerk of the district or cir- the latter is confined to s i1cl1 matters as are in line with probate a ffairs.
Missouri they have a probate judg e, and also a coun ty court, com.:uit court, and sometimes other courts of inferior jurisdiction. It is the pInosed
of county judg es, m whom the corporate powers of the county
clerk's d uty to keep the seals and attend the sessu:ms ot their respective are vested-as
the official county b oard. In Michigan they have a
courts, preserve all the files and papers thereof. make, keep and pre- probate judge and
a probate register. The probate judge is generally
serve complete records of all the proceedings and.determinat10ns thereof. <~.nd carry out such other duties as may be required by the rules and g iven original jurisdiction in all matters of probate, settlement of
of deceased persons, appointment of g uardians and conservaorders of their respective courts. They must enter of record all judg- estates
and settlement of their accounts. They take proof of wills, direct
ments, d ecrees and orders of the court as soon as possible after they are tors
the administration of estates, g rant and revoke letters testamentary and
rendered; keep all indictments on file as a public record, have authority of
adminis.tration, appoint and remove guardians, etc.
to administer oaths, take acknowledgments ; take and certify dep.osJtions, and are required to exhibit all records free of charge. In nearly
C011N'.l'Y SURJ7EY0Jt,
all the States the law defines the character of the .record books which
the clerk of court must keep. Although there is no settled rule in this
This is an office which is common to nearly all-of the ::>tates. It
matter, the general proyisions are that he shall keep: First, a general ·is the duty of the county surveyor to executC" a ny surve-y which may be
docket or re~i ster .of actions, in which is entered the title.of.each action ordered by any court, or upon a pplication of any individua l or corporain the order m wh1ch they a re ;;ommenced, and a descnpt10n of each tion, and preserve a record of the surveys made b y h im. Nearly all of
pa per filed in the cau!>e and -all proceedings therein; second, a plain- the States provide that certain records shall be kept by the county surtiff's index and defendant's index; third, a judg ment book and exec ution veyor, and provide P.enalties for his failure to place on record the surveys
docket, in which he enters the judgment in each action, time of issumg made by htm. Wh1le he is the official county surveyor, Y.et the surveys
execution, satisfaction, etc., and such other books as the courts or the made by him are not conclusive, but may be reviewed by any compelaws m:>·• prescribe.
tent tribunal, and the correctness thereof may be disputed.
SIIEBIFF, .

In all of the States the office of sheriff is one of the most important
. of the county offices. The term of office varies in different States, being
usually either two or four years, and in several of the States one party
cannot hold the office a second term consecutively. The genera-l provisions outlining .he duties pertaining to this office are very much alike
in the various States, and the following resume of his duties may be said
to apply to all of the various States except in a few minor and unimportant details. The sheriff is charged with the duty of keepin& and
preserving the peace in his county; or, as has been written, " he ts the
conservator of peace," and it is his duty to !teep the same, suppress
riots, affrays, fighting, breaches of the peace and prevent crime,- and
may arrest offenders" on view" and cause them to be brought before
the proper magistrate; and to do this, or to execute any writ, warrant,
process, order or decree, he may call .to his aid when necessary any person or the "power of the county." It is the duty of the sheriff to serye
and execute within his county, and return, all writs, warrants, process,
orders and decrees. of every d escription that may be legally directed
and delivered to him. He is a court officer, and it is his duty to aHend,
either in pers_on or by deputy, all courts of. r:ecord. hel_d in his county;
by virtue of h1s office he has custody· of the Jail. It ts h1s duty to pursue
and apprehend felons and persons charged with crime and has custody
of prisoners. He is not allowed to purchase any property exp.osed for ·
sale by him as sheriff.
·

I

THE SYSTEM OF C.IVIL G .OVERNMENT.

C01JNTY COBO.NEB.

This is another county office w-hich elliists in nearly all of· the States.
In the average county therC" is not much work for the cor-oner, but in
the counties in which large cities are-located the office is a very important one. In general terms it may be, stated that the lloroner-is reqUJred
to hold inquests over the bodies of persons supposed to have met with
violent or unnatural deaths. In most States he has power to impanel a
jury to enquire into the cause of death· but in some of them this is not
the case, and he is given powerto act alone. H e-can•subpcena witnesses·
administer oaths; in certain cases provide for a decent burial, and ca~
bind over to the proper court any person implicated in the killin~ of
the deceased.
O'.l'H.ICB COIJNTY OFFICES• •

The county offices that have already been mentioned are th~ principal ones found in all of the States. There are, however, a few other
county officials besides those mentioned: which exist in many of the
States, and which should.. be briefly mentioned in this. connection. These
are such offices as county physician, county assessor, county. collector,
county poo.r commissioner or superintend.e nt of the county poor-house,
master m chancery or court commissioner, county examiners, board of
equalization, board of review, etc. The names of these offices imply the
duties. These offices do not exist "in all of the States, but in nearly
every State the law provides for one or more of these county oF.cials.
C011NTY BOARD,

COUNTY S11PEBIN'.l',ENDENT OB COJIJ.li8SIONEB, OF
SCHOOLS.

The powers of every county as a body politic and corporate are
vested in a county board. This official county board is generally termed
This is an office which exists under one name or another in nearly the county " board of supervisors," or "board of · commissioners,'' but
every State in the Union. The title of the office in a g reat majority of tb,ere are some exceptions to this, like Missouri, where the county board
the States is "county superi ntendent," but in Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, b known as the "county court." There is considerable difference in the
New York, and J?Ossibly one or two other States, the office is termed make-up of the county board in the various States. In some it is made
"school commissiOner," and in several of the States the laws provide for up of one member from each township in the county. In others the
a board of county examiners or school commissioners, who· are g iven counties are divided into.districts, and one member of the county board
conside rable of the work that in most of the.other States is. handled by is chosen from each district. No general description of this could be
the county superintendent.
given that would be accurate, as some of the· States follow both of these
The name of this office implies the duties which devolve upon it, plans. For instance, in Illinois some of the counties are governed b y a
and they are very muc.h alike in all of the. S_tates. The incumbent of board of supervisors, which is made up of one member from each town•
this office is charged w1th a general supervtston over the schools of the ship, while othe r counties in the same State are governed by a board of
county, and must be a fitting person as to education and moral charac- county commissioners, consisting of three or more members, each repte r. As a rule it is their duty to examine and license teach ers, but in a resenting districts into which the counties in question are divided.
few of the States provisi~n is ma~~ for a ~oard of examiners. County
The general powers of the county board throughout of all the States
superintendent~ are requtred. to VISit !1-nd m spect the schools at regular is about the same, except in minor details. It represents the leg islative
intervals, and g 1ve such advtce and mstruct10n to teachers as may be and corporate powers of the county. One of their number is always
deemed necessary and proper. They are required to organize and con- chosen as cha irman or president, and acts as the presiding officer. The
duct institutes for the instruction of teachers if deemed necessary, and county board has general charge over the affairs of the county. It is
encourag e teachers' · associations. The.y introduce to the not1ce of their duty to provide county offices, provide desks, stationery, books,
teachers and the people the best modes of instruction, the most fuel, etc.; examine, investigate and adjust claims ag ainst the county,
'.pproved plans of building and ventilating school-houses, etc., stimu· and have general care and custody of all the real and personal estate
.ate school of-ficers to the prompt and proper discharge of their duties. owned by the county. At regular intervals they settle with the county
They receive r eports from the various school officers, and transmit an treasurer ; examine accounts and vouchers. They locate county roads ;
abstract of these re ports to the State Superintendent, adding a report of determine the amount of county tax, and regularly publish a statement
the condition of the schools under their charge. In n early all the States of their proceediD.gs ; make statements of receipts, expenditures, etc,;
they are forbidden having any interest in the sale of any schoo~ furni- and make all contracts, and do all other acts in relation to the property
ture apparatus or books used in the schools. In many States they have and concerns of the county necessary to exercise its corporate powers
authonty to annul a teacher's certificate for proper cause, and in gen- that are not specifically delegated to other county officials.
eral to take such steps and enforce such metboda as will elevate and
make more efficient the schools under their control.

'

C::01JNTY, PB08EC1JTJNQ OB ST.&TE'8 ATTORNEY.

TOWNSHIP GOVERNMENT.

There is a great difference between the various States in the method
of handling or attending to the leirnl business relating to county matters
or growing from county affairs. In-many of the States the official who
attends to this line of work is known as the "county attorney," in other
States he is called the State's attomey or prosecutinz or distnct attorney.
In a few of the States they divide the State into d1stricts embracin~ a
number of counties. and a district attorney is elected in each distr1ct,
who in some cases attends to all the legal work of the various counties,
and in others he assists the county attorneys in their most important
duties and prosecutions. But whatever plan may be followed in the
various States, and whatever title may be given to this office, the general
duties of the office are very much the same throughout all of the States.
It is the duty_ o( the county attorney t~ com~~nce and. p~osec?te all
actions suits, mdtctments, and prosecut\ons, CIVIl and cr1mmal, m anr,
court of record in his county in which the ." people of the State or county '
may be concerned; to prosecute all forfeited bonds and recognizances,
and all actions for the recovery of debts, revenues, moneys, fines, etc.,
accruing to his county; to commence and prosecute all act10ns and proceedings brought by any county officer in his official capacity; to defend
all actions and proceedings brought 'i!,gainst his county, or against any
-~~unty ·officer in his official capactty; to give legal Qpinions and advice

HE method of township government throughout the different
States varies so much that it is impossible in this article to treat
of it more than in a general way. In many of the States the
townships are not organized as oodies corporate, and. in other
States in some counties they may have township organization
while in other counties in the same State It does not exist. ln cases wher~
there is no township orga nization the law provides that certain county officials shall attend to the local work, or that work which in other localities is
assumed by the township officil!-ls. But even where they have township
organization the plan of township government in the different States
where it exists differs so widely tliat scarcely any two States may be
said to be alike.- About the only statements concerning the organized
towns~i ps that could be lf!-ade which ~ou!d apply to a ll the States are the
followmg: Every orgamzed townshtp m tts corporate capacity bas
power to sue and be sued; to acquire by purcha,se, gift or devise, and
hold property, both real and personal, for L'le use of tts inhabitants, and
again to sell and convey the same; and to make all such contracts as
may be necessary in the exercise of its powers as a towns/zip,
J
In a great many of the States the township government is carried·
on after-a plan very similar to the county and State governments, bay-

T

ing various executive officers and a township board itt wJ1ich· the conporate and .legislative powers, of the township a re vested: In othe.r
States they follow a plan which reserves to the people all cor-porate and
legislative powers, and therefore have no need for a towJ1ship board,
but have various other township officers to carry out the wishes and
orders of the voters. W here this plan prevails they ®ld. what is gener~lly termed " town meetings," at which every legal voter of the townsh1p has a voice. At these meetings reports are had from the various
township officia ls, and the necessary measures are adopted and directions given for carrying on the township• business.
Still other States combine good features from both of the plans
above mentioned, and besides the other usual township offiCials they
maintain a township board, which is given certain 1·estr.icted powers,
such as those of a review or an a uditing board; but the-y ar-e not- vested
with the complete corpo rate and legislative powers oj the township, this
being reserved in a large measure- to the voters, a nd all questions calling for the exercise of such autho rity are acted· upon at the· town. meetings. In many of the States the-township board just described is ma.de
up of three or more of the other township officers, who are ex-officio
member s of tj1e township board, and t hey meet· at certain· times, perfo rm the work requi red of them, and repor t to the town meet-ings.
T he principal officials in township organizations in nea r·ly all the
State~ are the fo llowing : "Supervisors, or trustees;". "clerk," "tt·easurer," "assessor," "collector," "j ustices of the- peace," "consmbles,"
"overseers, superv i so~s or commissioners of• the· highways,"· and "poundmasters," although as has been stated, many of the States do not have
all of these officials.

T

HE "c9mmon school system," or, to speak with greater accur-acy,

the method of governing school districts, in the various States,
differs widely, yet all follow in• a general way· one o f two s eparate and clearly defined· methods, being amended• in m1nor r.espects to meet local conditions a11d•ideas. All of these-methods
have their excellent points, and yet it has been claimed by eminent educator s that no one of them is free from fault and objection, no1: has
reached perfection. It will be the aim of this a rticle to briefly explainthe principal features of the several methods; but it. is not- possible· to go
into detail in the matter of giving the system oi school government that
is followed in each of the many States of the Union. The constitution
and statutes of all the States agr ee, ho~vev.e r; Ull.Qn· several p,ojnts. They
aim to provide for a thorough, and efficien.1l system: oii free·· schooJs,
whereby all the children of the States may receive. a th.o rQugh; commpn
school education ; they p rovide that allda~s, moneys and other.·p_ropcnty
donated, g ranted or received for school, college; scminaty. o.r. university
purposes, and the proceeds ther eof, shall be faithfully appliem to the
objects stated; with two or three exceptions they provide that no appro,.
priation sha ll be made or pubJic fun ds applied in aid of any church ..or
sectarian purpose, o r to support or sustain any school, academy, semi~
nary, college or university controlled· or· run•in· the i nteres~ of any churchor for a sectari-an purpose ; and they proh ibit•the' various school. officials
from holding- any interest in the sale, proceeds or profits· o f a1ty book)
apparatus or furniture used in the schools in which they, as offi'cers, are
interested.
·
I n many of the States they follow. w.hat may be termed the "independent school district" method, inasmuch as each district, so far as its
corporate powers are concerned, is entirely separate and independent o f
other districts. W here this plan is followed· the- boundarieS' of eaeh district are clearly defined, and each district is complete withinr itself.
T hey elect a full set of district officials, and e-x-ercise- their· cor-por ate
power s and manage their district affairs within· themselves. In this
plan the corporate powers of the district· are usually- vested· in· a district board, which has general charge of the interests· of the district;
hi res teac.hers, and makes such contracts and- ca-rries into effect such
methods as is deemed necessary to raise the grade or aid· irr the efficiency of the schools. T he measure of the a uthority given to these district boards is not the same in all the S tates, and in many States it is
r estricted, and a part of the corporate power is r eser ved to the people
themselves, the officials being required, in all important matters, t o
ca rry out the wishes and orders of· the people o f the district as expressed
and decided upon at the "district school meetings."
Another method which is followed in ma11y· of the States may be
termed the "township system." In such States the law provides for· the
organization of each township for school purposes, or as one la.rge "district," and each township, so far as its educational interests are con cerned, is organized, has the necessary officials and becQmes a body
politic and corpor ate. As a general rule, where this method prevails,
the townships ar e divided into three or more sub.-districts. All of these
sub-districts are a part of the whole, and the finances and general business is generally mauagcd by ii township board made up of representatives from each sub-district. This board is genetally clothed. with the
corporate power s, hires teacher s, provides fu.el and supplies and makes
all the - ' ntracts necessary to carry on the various schools in the township. As with independent districts, the powers of this bo.ard ar e. not
alike in all States where the township system prevails, for in some
· States their power is very much restricted, and is limite.d. to certain official matter s, the corporate powers and right to make important contracts
being reserved to the people, w)lo decide on these questions at what arc
termed the school meetings. I n a few of the States where they follow
the township system they !1ave no official board. This is, the case in In"
diana, where they elect a township trustee, whose duty it is to look after
all the educational interests of the township, subject to. the app.r.o.val o f
the people at the regular meetings. In most . of the St:.tes where the
township system prevails the la\v provides for the organization,. under
certain conditions, of sub-districts into independent districts, which gives
them the power to elect their own officers and act independently of th.e
other schools in the township.
In nearly all of the States one of the two general methods given
above is followed, with certain changes to make the plan more efficient
and satisfactory, and to better meet the desires and needs of the people
of the different States. Many of the States combine good features from
· both these systems, as some of the States have th e township; system,
wherein each sub-district has its own board, and so far as controlling its
own affairs is concerned, is independent of all other districts. But local
condit ions have in many instances made special and local provisions
necessary that are ·differ ent in each State, and while there may be a
vast difference in the methods followed, their aim is th same, and, as a
whole, the various systems have accomplished the re~;ult of giving
th roughout the length and breadth of the Union the. grandest and most
efficient system of free schools that the world has ever known.

CITIES AND
VILLAGES.
(
N aU of the States the laws provide for the local IOftiiUPent of
cities and villages, so that when they attain. a certain population
' they may be se11erated from, and thus manage their affairs. independent of, the township in which they are located, both as to
school J,T~atters and civil authority. In school afiairs proYision is
made for handling the more complex educational interests of villages
·and cities-the school boards. being made larger, and in many cases the
scope of their authoritt is very much extended. In civil matters provision is made in all of the States for the organization of villaJe• and
cities as corporate·bodies. seperate and distinct from the townsh1ps, ud
providing for tile·necessary Officer~ .to carry OA tile atlaira of.the muaid·
pality.
·

I

) J.==~========~~~~==========~======================================~==============~~~
BNTJmED ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS IN THE YEAR A. D. 1905, BY. GEO. A. OGLE. IN THE OFFICE OF THE LIBRARI AN OF CONGRESS AT WASHINGTON, D. C.

,r=================================~~~======================================,
~,~.
,
GENERAL INFORMATION ON BANKING AND BUSINESS_ METHODS.
to glve:the bank tlme•to give an·a.bundant notice to the partl~. lf the custo-

-

GENERAL INFORMATION

Bnn~lijg

STATEMENT$ AND BALANCES.

und Businsss Methods.

REI.ATION$ BETWEEN A BANK AND ITS CUSTOMERS.

INwblch
bus1Dees Ufe t here is no more complex or Important relation than that
ezlsts between the business men generally and the ba-nks, and lt
sbo~ be guarded

4e~t the other.

mer desires to make a "slgbt" or "time draft" upon a debtor, upon appU•
ca&l011 &be bMlk w11l furnish him with blank drafts.

fl

FEW words con cerning statements and bala.nces w ill not be ina pproprl•
I • ate In this connection. Eve ry customer of a bank should always and
without fail, once in each month. have his "Pass Book " bnlanced by the
banker. This rule should always be observed to correct any error that
might occur 1~nd avoid loss o.nd complications. The o.mount of deposits is
added up &!ld a b a la nce Is struck by deducting the total o.mount or tbe cus·
tomer•s checks which the banlc has either paid ot· " accepted" (certified)
during the month. The c a ncelled checks are returned t o ·the c :•stomer. If
a ny error is discovered it s hould be t·eported immediately to th, bank so
that it.·may be investigated and rectified.

m::. jealollB care, so the.t bot h me.y retain the full conft·

NEGOTIABLE

Business development In the United States h as pro-

gressed with such gige.ntlc strides that It bas long since passed the stage
where It Is even poaslble to c arry on business without the agency of banks.

Tbey are to-day a. necessity In the transaction of business and making exclaanges . It he.s been said, and with a great deal of truth, tha t In the
present day the entire and s ole object and result of business Is the transfer
of credits on the books of the banking houses·; and that about the only u se
to which money Is putle In making small change or paying balances. Buslness,in the most general and comprehensive sense, is almost wholly carried
on by the a.ld of-banks with checks,dra.fts and e xchange. And It wlll be seen
what a. very Important part the element of confidence plays ln business
Ufe, when It Is remembered that ev.ery check or draft that changes bands,
Implies the confidence on the part of the party receiving and accepting lt,
that it will be honored at the be.nk when presented.

QPENING AN ACCOUNT.
TID: l!'ffiST I!ITliP in tbe matter of becoming a. depositor and customer of

a. be.nk Is the interview with the banker, e ither the President, or Casbler,
, as the casemay_be I f unknown to the banker it is necessary for someone
who i s known to identify and vouch for the applicant as being honorable
and straightfor ward, for banks are compelled to be careful iu this matter
as they subsequently must handle a ll the checks, drafts or exchanges that
the prospective customer employs iu his business, so that while the bus!·
ness of an hones t man Is valuable to them and is a-ppreciated, that of a
d ishonest man i s shunned by them as an element oi risk and danger-the
same to them as to every one else with whom he deals.
The Identification and referet~ce, however, b eing satisfactory the prol!pectlve customer Is given a pass book 01· account book, writes his signature
In e. book k ept for that purpose, Is made known to the receiving and paying
tellers, makes his first deposit and Is then a full .ftedged customer a nd
depositor of the bank.

DEPOSITS.
()EPOSITS are ma<le in the following manner: A "Deposit Ticket" or" De·
posit Blank" Is furni shed t h e customer, and he enters upon this a full
description of all the items which he desires entered to his credit, stating
whether It Is gold, silver or currency a nd makin g a separate entry for each
draft or check that he deposits. In entering such Items as drafts and checks
some banks require a separate entry for each Item which will show upon
what bank or a t least what city or town each draft or check is drawn.
After having endorsed his name on the back of all checks and drafts be
hands the "Deposit Ticket," together with all the Items named upon it, and
his Pass Book, to the receiving teller,who examines It, checks olf the various
Stems to see that they are all there, and e.n ters the total amount to the
customer's credit in the "Pass Book ;" a.ndit is a lso carried to his credit from
the Deposit Ticket onto the books of the bank. The" Deposit Ticket" Is an
Important feature of the transaction, and the cus tomer Is required to fill
this out with Ink. It bears his name ·and the <late and Is carefully preserved for future reference by the bank to set tle any dispute or dllference
that may arise. As all men are lia ble to error the depositor, to prevent mls·
takes, should always see that the amount of the deposit is correctly entered
In his book before leaving the bank. If a. d e pos it i s made when a customer
has not h1s "Pass Book" a duplicate t icket s hould b e taken, and the amount
entered properly when next at the bank.
I t will be seen from the above that a ll cho::cks and drafts are entered to
the credit of the customer at t he time be deposits them, the same as cas·b
Items. The depositor, bowaver, is held responsible for the non payment of
att checks, drafts and otber Items de postted as cash until pa yment b as been
ascertained by the bank. The bank, however, must use due diltgence In
a ttending to them within a reasonable time. If a. check or draft Is held
beyond a reasonable time and, meanwhile, the bank upon which It is dra.wn
falls, the receiving bank would be compelled to lose it. What Is a. reasonable time, according to decisions of the courts. depends upon the c ircum·
stances and varies In different cases . In cities, where they have a Clearing·
House, checks on other city banks are expected to reach the Clearing·House
on the next day succeeding the time of the deposit; but as to cbeclcs and
drafts drawn upon other or distant cities, a reasonable time must b e a llowed
for them to be presented for paymen t. IC th e b anker, however, Is n egligent
concerning It, he must stand the loss . Such cases very rarely, If e ver, occur,
and It may s afely be stated tha t In the absence of a n y special or unusual
conditions for all Items s uch as checks, drafts, etc., the. banke r only r eceives
them for collection for the account of the d epositor a.nd therefor acts only
as his agent a nd as such Is charged with using only due tllllgence lu attend·
lng to the bu-:lness.

DISCOUNT$, LOAN$, ETC.

T

HE word "DlSoount"ls applied to interest when it Is deducted from the
amount a t the time a loan i s m ade-in other words , interes t that Is paid
In advance. I t is the general rule of banks in m aking "short time" loa ns to
customers to give credit for the amount of the loan, tess the !nte1·est.
Many bus iness men fail to obtain the full benefit that a. bank can g lve
them, th1·ough hesitancy or diffidence In asking for a loan ; and in many Instances will borrow of a neighboring business man and thus, frequently
embarass him, rather than go to the banke r, whose business it Is to help
him th rough such times of need, when possible. This is what banks a r e
established for largely, and they are always glad to "get their money out
and keep It out" provided' they can be reasonably sure of its t•eturn. If an
applicant Is unable to fm·nlsh reasonable secu rity, or is irresponsible or
unworthy he must necessarily be t•efused, but in securing money which, he
c annot guarantee t he return of, whether it be from a. banke r or another
business man he does au Injustice to the interests of business generally.
However, every bus iness man in n eed of financial h elp, whether his needs
be great or little, s hould go to the banker jlrst and s ubmit the s ituation
securities, etc. to him, a s of all men he is by training the best judge a nd ad:
visor in auch matters . He may be compelled to decline to give the require d
aid, but th is r efusal should never be ta.keu as a. personal mat ter, o.s It must
be r emembered t ho.t he has other Interests to serve and depos ito1·s , stockholders and directors to protect before following hla own personal desires.

COLLECTIONS.

1N l eaving notes or other items tor collection

the customer writes on the
back of each the words: "For Collection fo1· Account of " and places his
signature below lt. Upon receipt of this, the p roper offlcer or clerk of the
bank, will enter i he ite m s either In the back of the customer's "pass book"
or give a separate receipt as the case may be. When the bank r eceives
payment on the items the cu stomer is notified and the amount Is entered to
his credit both on his P ass book and on the books of the bank the same
as atty other deposit. A bank In receiving paper for collection acts only as
tbe agent of the customer and does not assume any responsibility beyond
due diligence on its part. All banks make collections either lu or out ot
the city where they are loca ted for their customers at very moder a t e rates.
These Items should always be left a t the bantc before they become due,so a s

PAf:!!!:.

P

ROBABLY the greatest !Mtor In the b . .slness werld of to-day Is "Negotl·
able Paper," without which It i s not probable that bus iness d evelopment
could have assumed the vast proportions that it ha!iJ reacheU In America;
and without which the business of the civilized world could not be carried
on. Tbls term Includes a varie ty of instruments , s uch a.s promissory notes,
checks, d r afts and bi!!s ot exchange. The bill of exch a nge i s one of the
oldest. forms of negotiable paper, and ha s been in u se for a number of
centuries. The draft and check came into use at a. much tater day, and the
promissory note is a. comparative ly r ecent invention, and has very l argely
ta.ken the place of the blll of e xchange a.s it was u sed lu forme r times. The
most Important attribute of promissory notes, bills of exoh,~nge, o.ntl other
Instruments of the same class, w!Acb distinguis h them f •·om all other contracts, is their negotiaM.lUy. Thle consists oft\vo entirc.>ly distinct e lements
or branches-first, the power of transferring the paper from one owner to
another, so that the assignee shall assume a complete title, and b e able to
s ue on it; second, the effect upon the rights of the parties produced by s uch
a. transfer when made before maturity, in the regular course of business,
for a consideration to a purchaser In g ood faith, and without n otice of any
defect or defense, wher eby all defenses of the m a k er (with few exceptions)
are cut olf, and the holder becomes absolute ly entitled t<> recover.
A written ot•der or promise may b e perfectly vatld as a contract; but It
will not be negotiable unless certain requisites are c omplied with. The
following r equis i tes are indls pensP.ble: It must be wr1tten; must be s ig ned;
It mus t be a.bsotute, not dependi >~ g upon any con tin gen cy ;it must b e to pay
money in a c e rta in a mount or in a u a.monnt capable of b eing certain by
computation; the time of n a.yment must be certain or s uch as will become
certain; but when no t 1 .....e is expressed the law imptles tha.t payment is due
Immediately; and lastly, the order or promise mus t be accompanied b y
word s of negotiability-that is payable to a certain payee's order or to
bearer.

PROMISSORY NOT£$.
nccoRDING to the general "la w mercha nt," u naffected by statute, a
I • promissory note Is the written promise of a pers on, called the "maker"
to pay a certain s um of money a t a cer tain time to a. designated penson termecJ
the "pa yee" or to his ot·der or b earer. It must have aU the r equisites tlla.t
have been mentioned for negotiable pa per, otherwise, if It failsa In any ot
these matters It becomes a contract, as it thu s loses the element of negotlabUity. Cont r acts may be perfectly valld without all of these r equis ites, but
they do not possess· the peculiarquatitles which belong to promissory notes.
It is cu!Jtomar y In all promissory notes to write the words "valt:c re- ·
seived .. but this i s not absolutely essential, as a. consideration a.nd va.tue
1!! Implied In every n ote, draft, check , bill of exch a nge or endorsement. n
Is ~he common taw o f both England and this country t hat no promise ca.u be
' nforced unless made for a cons!deration or sealed, but negotiable instru·
.Jl!lnts as a. rule are a u exception to this. Between the origin&! parties a
waut of consideration can be pleaded
.efe Qae and would operate to defeat a recovery. It would have the 3a n .tl'c<·t a s b etween an endoreerand
his endorsee, but this only applies to immediate parties or to those who
had notice of the defense or became holders of the paper after ma.turity. I\
may be s tated as an a lmost in varlable.rute tha t no defense will operate to
defeat the recovery if the paper h as been negotiated and passed into the
hands of an innocent purchaser, In the reguta.r course of business, before
m aturity a.nd for value. The absence of a ny of these elements, however, will
allow a defense to be set up and will defea t r ecovery even In the banda or
third parties If It can be shown that there was either : a. want of consideration, that It was obta ined by duress, or fraud or circumvention, or larceny;
8" that the consideration was Illegal. In orde1• to out off these defenses
GJld give the holder the ab solute r ight to recover, a ll of the conditions
named must be !ulftlled. If he purchases the n ote ev en one day after lt
bepom·es due it is then s ubject t o any defense or set off which the maker
may have agains t the original payee.
Demand of payment for a note m u st be made at the place where it 18
P,<>f&ble at the tim e of maturity; if not paid notice must immediately be
~~
the endorsers, otherwise, in a majority of t he States, all endorse.
e
~btt.t are not quatifted will be r elea.sed. If a note i s notda.ted It will
lib d!tt~!
lb' but will be considered as da.ted wheu It wa.s made; but a written bl:t% 8 rim~ f acie evidence of the time o f m aking. When a note fa.Us
a~ec I"'' ~J~ 8P o. legal holiday, it becomes payable t h e do.y previous. If
a iiullll_" ' . ift!B iH len gth in the body and a lso in figures at the corner
tll!!JVt~;t~'ifl ifJ.fUliBOntrol it. It destroys the negotiability of a note to write
In ht l)gu of H !tll~ conditions or contlnge:J.cies. A valuable consideration
Is n g ! IW ~~~ ffi8fi@.Y . It may b e either any ga.in or advantage to the promlllor, OD lnjU"P.Y ~U§to,Ined by the promisee at the promisor's request. A previous debt, or a fiuctuating ba la nce, or a debt due from a t h ird person,
might be a valuable consideration . So is a moral consideration, If founded
upon a pre vious legal considera.tlon; as, where one promises to pay a debt
that is barred b y limitation or b y lnfanc;v. But a m erely moral consideration
as one founded u pon natural love and affection Is no legal consideration.
No consideration is sufficient In la w if it b e Illegal in Its nature, or if dis•
,tlnctly opposed t o public policy. If a note is payable at a bank it is only
1ecessary to h ave the note at the ba.nk at the stipulated time to cons titute
a s ufficient demand ; and If there a re no funds t here to meet i t, this is s uf·
ficient r efusal.
·
DAYS 011 GRAOE.-In a great many States three " Days of Grace," as they
are te rmed, a re attowed on negotiable instruments beyond the d ate set for
payment. This is not the unlversa.l rule, however, as the tencency of late
years has been toward doing a. way with this custom, and a number of
Stat~s have already passed laws abolishing the "Days of Gr ace." Where
the rule is i n elfect, howevet', a nd It is not specifically waived in the instru·
went the payor i s entitled to the three days a.s fully as t hough it were so
sblpulated, and the holder co.nnot e nforce collection until the expiration of
three days after the d ate set for payment.

BILLS OF EXCHANGE.

T

HE "bill of excha n ge" is :•n o pen le tter or order whereby one person r equests another to pay :•·t hirtl party (or order or b ca.rer) a ce.r tain fixed
sum of money. They a re of two kinds , the Inland and Foreign bills, the
names of which Imply the difference between them. 'rhe three parties to
the bill are called the Drawer, Dr<>wec !1-nd Payee. 'rile bill niust b e pre·
s ented to the Drawee a nd if he agrees to obey the .o•·dcr he "accepts" the
bill by writing the word "accepted" across its face and s igns his name b etow it-and thus becomes the " Acceptor." The instrument is u sually ma<le
negotiable aud t he payee can transfet· It to others by endorsement, which
method of transfer may go on indefinitely.
The following Is a com mon form of a n inla nd bill of exchange :
BILL 01' EXCHANGE.
$6 00
CHICAGO, ILL., June 1 1894.
Sixty days a!tet· sight pay to John S ims, or order, Six HundreCJ
Dollars. and charge sam e to my account.
To HENRY HOLT & Co.,
J OHN DOE.
Boston, Mass.

-

CHECKS.

fl CHECK ou a. bank Is one form o f an "Inland Bill of Exchange," ·out there

I"

Is s ome slight difference in the liability of the parties to lt. A check
requires no accepta nce, as a banlc is bound to pay the checks o!its de pos it ors while still in possession·of their funds, ancl the drawer or a check having'
funds on d eposit has an o.ction fo r damage tor refusal to h onor h is cl1eclc,
under su c h circumstances, ou the ground or an implied obligation to pay
cltecks according to t,he usual con1·sc of. business. Checks are usnally
drawn payable immediately, but they may be made payable at a. future
day, and in this case their r esembh<nce to a bill of exchange !a very c lose .
As stated, a check requires no a.ccepta.nce, so far a.s pnyment or liability or
the drawer i s concerned, but it crea t es no obligation again st a. bank in
ravor of the holde r until acceptance. When accepted by the bank the word
"Accepted" is stamped on its face with the s ig nature of the banker. It Is
then said to b e certified and ther eafter the bank is Hable to the holder.
As soon as the check Is "certified" the a mount is charged agains t the
account of the " drawer" the same as if paid, and it i s considered paid ao
far as the '"dr awer'' is c oncerned.
The drawer of a checlt Is not a s u rety in the s ame sense as Is the drawer
of a bill of exchange, but is the priucipal debtor !ike themakerofa.note. He
cannot compla i n of any delay in the presentment, for it i s an absolute approprla.tlon to the h older of s o much money, in the hands of the bank, and
there It may lie at the holder's pleasure. The delay, however, is at the
holder's risk, and If tbe bank s hould fail after he could have g ot his money
the loss is his. If, b efore he presents the check, the bank pays out all the
money of the drawer, theu he may look to the drawer for pa yment. If the
holder of a. check transfers i t to another he has the right to expect that It
wilt be pt·esen ted fo1• payment within a reasonable time. He h as t he right
toexpectthatitwilt eith e r b e presented the next day or started to the
point on which it is dro.wn. If it is held beyond a. reasonable time and a.
loss is occasioned thereby, the pa.rty t·csponslble f or the delay must ~a.r
the toss. If a. bank pays a forged ch ectc it is so far its own toss that it cannot charge the money to t h e depositot• whose name was forged. But it Is
e ntitled to recover the money from the party who presented it. If it pay a
check of which the amount has been falsely and fraudulently increased, it
c an charge the drawe1• only with the ol"lglnal am·o nnt, p rovided t he drawer
himself has not cau sed ot· facilitated the forgery by co.retessty writing It or
leaving it in such hands as t o make the fot·gery Ol' alteration easy. In some
of the States the Supreme Courl has decided in oases wher e checlcs
w er e "ra is ed" that the drawer must bear t h e loss as they h a d failed
to lake reasonable precau t ion lo prevent it . Perforatin g a nd c utting
machines are Qn the market which m a k e it a lmost impossible to
raise or alt er th e amounts so as to avoid d etection, a nd the tendency
of the d ecisions is to r egard the use of these as only a reason able
precaution on the pa rt of checlt dmwcrs t o save their bank from
trouble and l oss. 'Som e, however, adopt the plan of writing the
amount in r ed inl< across the ir signature.
If man y persons, not par t ners, join in a deposit they must join ln
a check. If a payee's name, is misspelle d or wrong in a oheclc the
u sual pla n is to endorse it fir st exactly as it appears a nd then ' sign
the n ame correctly.
There is no settled rule as to how check s should be drawn. I n
n early all the cities It is an a lmost invariabl e r ule to make them
p ayable "to order" so as to require the endorsement of the payee;
but In s m a ller towns m a ny checlc drawers make t hem payable "to
bearer ," In w hich case they r equir e no endorsem ent, a nd if lost or
s t ol en m ay cause loss-as w h oever presents s uch a check at the
banl< is entit le d to payment.

DRAFTs.'
0 DRAFT Is a form of a n "inland bill of excha n.re." The two
r·
forms of bills of exchange u sually called "drafts... a r e the bank
draft (or exchange ) and the "sight or tim e draft." The b a n]{ draft
Is, to a n Intents and purposes the same as a check but the term Is
u sually a pplied to " checks" d1:a w n by one b a nk upon fund s which It
m ay have in some other banlc, termed Its "correspondent ." A draft
Is b ut very seldom made payable to bearer, It bein g a lmost a n invar iable r u le to mak e them payable to a certa in payee or order.
They are negot~ablc and can b e tra nsferred Indefinitely by endorsem e nt. If a draft is lost or stolen, by apply ing to the bank that
Issued It, th e payment can -be ~topped, a nd after the expiration of
thi rty days a dupl icate wtll b e issued.
The "Sight Drrtft" or "Time D r aft," in which case it r eads to pay
after a cer tain number of days, Is a very common m e thod of makIng collections to-d ay by cred itors. a nd it s er ves the double purpose
of being an order to pay t o a bank or third party. and Is a l so a receipt to the debtor. It is simple in Its wording, the following b eing
a general form :
$1000
•
CHICAGO, June 1, 1 894.
At s ight (or so many days after sight as the case m ay b e ) pay to
the order of --·- - Ban!{ One T h ou san d D ollars a nd charge to m y
account.
JOHN SIMS.
To GEO. SIMS, NEW YORK, N. Y.

£NDORS£MENTS.
~ slgna.ture

ot any payee or holder on the back of any cheok, draft,

note, bill o· exchange or other negotiable instrument is termed h is "en·
dorsement." <t simply mea.ns the placing of tbe name of the holder, or
payee, on the back of the instrume nt, thus indicating that, for a. cons1der.
atlon, he ha.s relinquished hie title to it, and In the absence of any condition or qnalitlcs.tiou expressed in the endo1-sement, it i mplies that tJu m·
dorser will see that the instrum_e nt Is paid in case it is not taken up by the
maker or payor. Whe1•e the instrument Is made payable to "bearer ," as to
" John Sims or b earer," n o endorsement is necessary to pass the title--it
passes with delivery a nd any holder may collect or s u e upon it the same as
If h e were the payee named t herein. In a. case of this kind if a.ny holder endorses th e instrument, the taw is construed s trictly against him, and, ns it
wa..~ not necessa ry for him to endorse to pass title, the t aw presumes in the
absence of a positive qualification that his e ndorseme nt was made fl»' th/pm-poso of h•dicating that be ,would pay It if the payor failed to do s o.
Whe re s everal payees are named in the Instrument it must beal' the en .
dorsement of all of them to pass the title a nd ma.ke one transfer of it. Iu
this case, howe ver, their liability as endorsers is joint, not several, But
where two or more h olders en dorse one after the other in making a transfer
from one to the other their lia bility is severa.l, not joint.
Every check, draft, bill of exchange, note or other negotiable instrument whicil is made payable to a certa.ln " payee or t»"der" moot bear the
endorsement of the party named, to pass the title, and even In cases wh ere
they are made paya ble to "bearer" it Is genera lly custom a1·y for the party
to whom a tra ns fer is made to requh·e the person from whom ha secures it
to place his endorsement thereon.
There a re several kinds of e ndorsement which s hould be mentioned In
this connection. The first is the ''blank endor sement," or "endorsement In
b lank," in making which the payee simply places his signature on t he b ack
of the Instrument, without condition or qualification of any kind. This
passes the title to the Instrument, and, from that time on, It b ecomes payAble to bea.rer, o.nd the title passes with de liver y, until some subsequen t
holder sees fit to limit It by making It payable to s ome other pa yee, or
places some other qualification or condition in the endorsement. When a
negoUable instrume nt bearing a "blank e ndorsement," h as once been put
Into circula.tion, any sub sequent holder of it has the right to limit o r r estrict
it by writing the conditions over his own endorsement, or, by writing over
the end orse'Jlent of the orig inal payee, wo1·ds making it payable to himself
or som.e other party, " or order." · This point has been decided by tbs
s u p r eme c~urts of several of the States.
The endorsement may be restricted or qu alified in a. number of w a.ys.
One, which is called a "full endorsement," ls very common in the business
world. It is s imply the act of the payee n a med m a king it payable to some
other certain payee or order. To do this, the endorser writes on the back of
the instrument, the direction s, as: "Pay to John Sims, or order," and place a
bls sl l/,'nature below it. This does not limit his liability as an endorser, but
the t itle t o the instrume nt must thereafter pass through J ohn Sima, and It ,
mus t b ear his endorseme nt before It will be paid or honored.

JilDtued according to Act of Oongreae, in the yea r 1005, b y GEO. A. OoLJI & Oo., in t.he office of the Librarian of Congress, a.t Washington, D. 0

l

GENERAL INFORMATION ,. ON
Another common form of llmltlllg the endorsement is to enable the
payee (when it is made payable to his order) to transfer his title to · the
instrument without becoming responsible for its payment, and making the
party to whom It Is transfe1-red assume al!. respons ibility concerning pay.
ment. To do t his the endorser writes the words "Without Recourse" over
his signature, which bas the effect of relinquishing bls title without mak·
tug him Ual::le to the holder tn ease the payor falls to tal<e It up.
Another method of llmltlngthe endorsement is to make It conditional, a
good illustration of which Is the following: "Pa.y to John Sims or order
upon his delivering to the First Natloual Bank a warranty deed to lot 5,
block 4, ete.," below which the endorser places b·ls slgnu.ture. He can also
make it payable to "A. B. only," or In equivalent words, In which case "A.
B." ca.nnot endorse It over.
In fact, the endorser h as the power to limit Ills e ndo1·scment as be sees
tit, a.nd either to lessen or Increase his liability, such as either "waiving llotlce of dema.ad ;"making his endorsemf'nt a "gene1•al a.nd Rpecial guaranty
of payment" to aU future holders, etc., but he cannot, by ltls e ndorsement,
either increase or lessen the llablllty of any other endorser on the
instrument.
Au endorser, a& a.~. Is entitled to immediate notice In case the payor
fa.Us to pay It, This Is the e{!Se In nearly all of the United States, as it ha.s
been a rule of the ''law merchant" for many years. A few modlftca.tlons,
how~. of the general "law merchant" have b een m.,.de by statute In sev.
eral of the States , relating to negotiable paper, In changing the endorser's
ll&blllty by rendering his controotabsolute instead of conditional, making
notlce unnecessary unless h e suffers damage through want of It, or requlr·
lng a judgment to b e first recovered before b e can be h eld. In the absence,
however, of statutory provlslor)s of this kind, and they only exist In a few of
the States, It may be said that t o hol<l endorsers they mus t have prompt
notice of non-payment, and it may be said to be a. (J<Jneral rule o f the "law
merchant" that all parties to n egotiable paper as endor sers who are en·
titled to notice a.re discharged by want o f notice The demand, notice and
protest must be made according to the laws of the place where payable.
~
The term Protest Is applied to the official act by an authorized person
\USually a Notat•y Pnbllc), whereby he affirms In a formal or prescribed
manner In writing that a certa.in bill, dt·a.ft, check or other negotiable paper
bas been presented for acceptance or payment, as the case may be, and
been refused. This, a.nd the notice of the "Protest," which mus t be s ent to
all endorset•s a nd parties to the paper is to notify them o~lally of lts
failure.

GuARANTY.
Q "GUARANTOR" is one who is bound to another for tbefulftllment of a

r

I
prClmise, or Of an engagement, ma.de by a. third party, TblS kind Of ()Oll•
tract Is very common. According to the "statute oftra.uds "lt must be in writ·
lng, and unless It Is a s ealed Instrument t here must be a consideration to
support it. As a. rule lt Is not negotiable, s o as to be enforced by the trans·
fe1·ee as If It had been given to him by the guaran tOr, but this depends upon
the wording, as, if It contains all the characteristics of a note, payable to
ordet· or bearer, it will be held negotiable. A contract of guaranty Is eon·
strued strictly, and, if the llablllty of the principal be materla.lly varied by
the act of the party guaranteed, without the consent of the guarantor, the
guarantor is discharged. The guarantor Is also discharged it the liability
or obligation Is t·enewed, or extended by law o r otherwise, unless h e In
writing 1·enews the contract. Ii:. the case of a. bank Incor porated for twe oJ,y
years, which wa.s 1·enewed for ten years more without cb a.nge of officers,
the courts held that the original sureties could not be h eld after the first term.
The guaranty can be enforced even tbongh theorlglnaldebtcannot, a.s Is
tlte case In becowiug s m·e ty for the debtot a minor. A gu:\rantol' who pays
the debt of the principal Is entitled to demand >i·om the credttor all the
securities he holds, or of the note 01' bond which declares the debt; and, in
some States, the creditor cannot fall baclt upon the guar!lontor until h e.has
collected a s much as possible from these securities and exh austed legal
remedies a g ainst t11c principal. If the debt or obligation be first incurred
and completed before the guaranty Is given, there must be a new consideration or the guaranty is void.
A guaranty Is not binding unless the guarantor has notlceofits acceptance, but the la.w presumes this acceptance wl1en thE: offer ot guaranty and
acts of t he party to whom Itis g l\•en, s uch as <lellvery ot goods or extending
credit are s imultaneous. Bnt an offer to guarantee a future operation does
no~ bind the offerer unless be has such notice of the acceptance as will af·
ford h im 1·easonable opportunity to make himself safe. A c r editor may give
his debtor some Indulgence or accommodation without discharging· the
guarantor, unless it should lla.ve the effect of prejudicing the Interests of
the guar antor, In which case he would be r eleased. Genera.lly a guarantor
may, at an y t ime, pa.y a debt and so, at once, h ave the rig ht to proceed
a g ains t the debtol'. Where there has been failure on the part of the principal and the g uarantor Is looked to, he must have reasonable notice-and
notice Is deemed reasonable If It prevents the g uarantor from s uffering
t•·om the delay.
It is, in many eases, difficult to say-and upon It rests the question of
legal liability- whether the promise of one to pay for goods delivered to
another Is an orig inal promise, a s to pay fo1• one's own goods, in which case
It need not be In wr·itiug; or a. promise to pay the debt or guaranty the
promise of him to-whom the goods are delivered, In which case It must be
In writing . The question generally resolves Itself Into this : To whom dld
the seller give 'and wa.sauthorlzed to give credit? This Is a question of
fact and not of law. If the books of seller s how that be c harged them to
the party to w hom be delivered them, it is almost Impossible for him to hold
the otbe1· party fot• It, b u t if on the other hand it Is s hown that he r egarded
the goods as being sold to the party whom it is des ired to bold, but delivered them to another p ar ty and It is so s hown on his book3,lt Is not regarded
as a g u aranty, but an o ri gln a.l or colla.terar promise, and would make the
pa.t•ty liable. In gen er a l,,. guarantor of a bill ot• note Is not ent itled to
such s trict a nd exact notice as an endorser Is entitled to, but only such
notice as s hall s ave him from a ctual loss, as h e can not make the want or
n otice his defense unless b e c,.n s how that it was unreasonably withlieid
and that he suffer ed thereby. 'l.'here is a marked difference in the effect of
a. g uaranty of the "payment ," or of the "collection" of a. debt. In the first
case, the credito1·can look to the guarantor a.t any time ; In the latter, the
creditor mus t exhaust his legal remedies for collecting lt.

ACCOMMODATION PAPER.

Q N accommodation bill or note is one for which the acceptor or maker has

J'

r eceived no consid eration, but has lent his name and credit to accom•
t he dr:twer, p>tyce or h older. H e Is bound to all other parties just
as comple tely a s if there were a good consideration , for, If tllls was not the
case, it would be of n o value to the party accommodated. He Is not allowed
to set up want of consldc~atlon as a. defense a.s against any holder for
value. But he Is not bout.J •o the party whom he thus a ccommodates, no
ma.tter how the instrume ••.n:.a.y be drawn.
mod~tte

fDENTIFICATION.
"':"hE mere act of ldet.. ·~'fiDg a party or making him known to a bankercarl'ies with it no llab,tlty on the part of the par~y who thus preforms It,
unless It can be sh<>wn there was fraud ot· collusion. Customers of banks are
frequently askeit to Identify and make known to their own bankers , s tl'ang.
ers who des ire che~ ·", or dra.fts cash ed or other accowmodatlolJs . In some
eases a mere introduction is all tha.t IS n ecessary, but only because the
banl<et• relies upon the honor and Integrity of his customer , knowing that
an Improper pers on would not be Introduced, for in a ease or this kind the
bank a ssumes all the l'lsk. Generall y speaking , however, it Is an almost
Invariable rule with b:.nkers, as It should be, to t·equlre their customer to
endorse an drafts or ch ecks which a re honored for the s tranger. In this
case the endorser becomes p er sonally liable to the bank If any or all of the
drafts or checks prove worthless .
An endorsement which Is frequently made by parties who a.r e a sked to
.!~entity others Is to merely indicate that they know the party to be the

lL

~ &CCOr<llng

ll

BANKING AND BUSINESS. METHODS.
'·

payee named In t he check or t hat the signature or t he payee or party Is correct. This is done by writing the words "Sign:1ture 0 . K." undet· t he party's
name and signing It, This bas the effect of guaranteeing th«t the party's
n ame Is as written <>nd that It Is his t>roper ~ i gmtture. It does not guaran·
tee that the chccl< or drMt Is good or will be paid, but merely as expressed,
that the signature Is corr ect, and the only liability a.$Sumed Is that he w ill
pay the amount In case the s ig nature proves o. forgery. Many banl<s, bow·
ever, will not a ccep t paper cndorsE>d this way and justly so, for It throwe
upon them th,e burden of the r isk.

RECEIPTS ANO RELEASES.
QNY acknowledgement that a. sum ot mouey has been paid is a receipt, A
} • receipt which ren.Us ''in Cull" though admitted to be stron g evidence ts
by no means legally con clu sive. It the party signing It cau show an error
or mistake, it will be admitted in h is favor. Receipts for money will b e
held open t.o examination, and the part.y holding It must abide the results
o f suc·b examination- the gt•eat aim or the Jaw being to administet· strict
justice. A receipt may be of different degrees of explicitness, as the word
"Pa.ld" or "Recel ved Payment'' written on a bill. A " release" Is simply a
form of receipt, but Is more binding upon the parties, inasmuch as, If prope l'!y drawn, under seal, ·for a. consideration, it Is a complete defense to any
action based on the debts 01· c laims so release d. Herein, releases diffedrom
receipts. A release Is In the 11ature of a written contract and thet•eforc
cannot be controlled or contt·atllcted by evidence, unless on the ground of
fraud, But If i ts wot•ds a1·e ambiguous, c.r may have either, of two or more
meanings, evidence is receivable to determine the meaning.

/NFANTS AND MINORS.
~HE Incapacity of a per son tO make a valid eont•·a.et may arise from several
causes, and the fact of being a.n Infant, or mluo.r, is one of them. The
gene r a l rule of law may be stated a.s being that the contract of an infant or
minor is not always void, but Is voidable, and in many cases special excep·
tlon Is made, givin g validity to t he ir cont1·aets for necessaries. By being
voidable, but not void In themselves, means that the Infant has the rlgl1t to
disavow an<l annul the contract, either before 01' within a reasonable time
after he i·eacbes his ma.jol'lty. He may do this by word "n!y, but a mere
acknowledgment that the debt exists Is not enough, and It mus t be substantially a. new. promise.

Al!!!!E!
CHERE are a few well-settled and .Important rules of law governing the
matter of agents a.nd agency, which every business man should under·
sta.n<.l thoroughly. The t•ela.tion of principal and agen t Implies that the
principal acts by and through the agent. A principal Is responsible for the
acts of the agent only when he bas actually g iven full authority to tile
agent, 01• when l1e has by his wo1·ds, or It is acts, 01' both, caused or permitted
the person with whom the a gent d e:Lls to believe blm clothed with this
authority. This Is a point which Is not always thoroughly understood, but
!tis a well-settled principle of Jaw. There aretwoklndsof agents-genera.!
and special. A general agent Is one authorized to represent his princi pal
In all his bus iness, ot• in all his business of t\ particular l<ind, a.nd his
power Is limited by the usual scope and cl1ara.ct.er of the business he is
empowered to t ransact. lf be Is given out as the genera.! agent, the prln·
eipalls bound, even 1! the a gent transcends his actual authority; but does
not go beyond the natural and u s ual scope of the business.
On the other hand, a special agent Is one author ized to do only a spec!·
fie thing, or a few specified thlngs,o1• a. specified line of work. If this special
agent exceeds Ills authority, It may be stated as an almost Invariable rule
that the princlp:\1 Is not bound, because the party dealing with the agent
must Inquire fo1· himself and at h is own peril, Into the extent and limits of
the authority given to the agent. Especially Is this the case where the
party !me 1v th,•t the agent had b een or was engaged in attending to a particular and specified line of work connected with the buslnessofthe principal. The pal'ty, however, Is not bound b y an_y speclalreservatlonsor ltmltatlons made secret ly by the principal of which he had no reasonable or easy
means of h aving notice. The authority of an agent may be given by the
principal, by Wl'iting or orally, or may be Implied from certain acts. Thus
lf a person puts his goods i~to the custody of another whose business It i8
to sell such good s , he authorizes the whole world to believe that this person
bas them for sale; and any person buying them honestly, In this belief,
would hold them. U one, knowing that another had acteda.s his agent, does
not disavow the authority as soon as he conveniently can, but lies ·by and
permits a person to go on and deal with the supposed agent, or lose an op•
portunlty of indemnifying himself, this is an adopt ion and confirmation of
the acts of the agent.
A prlncipalls bound by the acts of an agent even after the .revocation
of his agency, if such revocation h as not been made public or is unknown
to the party dealing with the agent, An agent can generally be h eld per.
sona.lly liable If h e transcends his authority; but this Is not t he case i f the
party with whom h e dealt knew that the authority was transcended.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF BANKING.

(N general, banks may be said to be credit Institutions or dealers in credit.
JohnJa.y Knox once said that " the exchanges of the modern world are barter, effected by the indirect agency of the credit syste;n, and banks and
bankers are the machinery by which t his Is done ." llletallic money and its
representative, the circulating note, are only the small change of "Trade"
employed in the settlement of balances and s mall purchases a.nd payments .
This fact Is Illustrated by the oper ations of the New York clearmg bouse.
The exchanges have been about 800,000 mlll·lon s of dollars dul'lng tlte pas t
thirty years while the balances paid In money have only b een about 86,000
millions, or about four per cent. of the amount of t he settlements.
It b as always been claimed that the busin ess. of banldng originated
with the Venetian money changers who displayed tbolr wares and moneys
on "the stl'eets a n d thus supplied those in n eed of change. According to the
most eminent a u thorities the earliest banking Ins titution In Europe was the
Bank of Venice , which was fo unded in 1172, and was based upon a. forced
loan of the governme nt. Funds deposited In It could be t rans fened to
others on the books of the bank at the pleasure of the own er, but they .:ould
not be withd1•awn. The perpetual annuities o f th e British debt are h a ndled
In a very similar manner at the presen t day. The Bank o r Venice was continued u.utill797. In 1401, the Bank of Barcelona was fo rmed. At a p eri od
much earlier than this, the J ewish money·<lealcr s had inve nted w h at are
known as "foreign b ills of exchange," but It Is said that· tills banlc was the
firs t institution that made a business of negotiating and handling tbem.
The Bank of Genoa comnrenced ope1·atiou In 1407 and for centuries was one
of thll pt•incipal banl<s of Europe, It was the firs t to issue circulating
notes-which were passed only b.r end orsement, not being payable to
bearer,
The Bank of Hamburg, established in 1619, was a b ank of both deposi t
a.nd circulat ion based o n fine s ilver bars. This bank, like n early all of
that earl y time, h ad, as a prin cipal object, the protection of the people
from worn, sweat ed, clipped a n d p lugged coi ns, or coins of cer tain em·
pires tlia.t were reducetlln standard value. Thcremedy generally adopted
wa.s t o loc i< up the de b ased and dep t-eciated coins and circulate the credit
g r<>n ted for the m . Various other baul<s sprang into existence throughout
Europe, ma.ny of the m bein g powerful government agencies, and In many
cases exerted a wide influence In shapin g the destinies of empires.
In 169! the Bank of EnglMld was established, nnd there is no banking
Ins titution in the world equal t o !tin the m anagement of national finances.
The Bank of France was 1\Utborized in 1800. It Is not a fiscal agent or t h e
gove1·nment as is that of England. It does not collect or dis burse therevenues of the exchequer but it lends to i t largel y, while Hs credits, in the
·form of circulating notes and othe r acceptances, have b orne the gove1·nment safely through extraordinary needs.
It Is claimed that the fi r st organi•ed bank In the United S t ates had Its
orlgln in the formatio n of a banking eompa.ny without c h arter Ju~ 18th,

1780, by the citizens of Pbila.delpbia, and first action by Congress was taken
June 22, o:f the s ame year in reference to this proposed association. Two
years a.fterwa.rd, a" perpetual cbartet• ''was granted to the Bank of North
Americ•\ at Philadelphia.. In 1784 t h e State of Massachusetts Incorporated
the Massachu setts Bani<. The Bank of New York was chartered in March,
1791, a.ltltougb It bad been doing business sin ce 1784, under articles of association dra.wn b y Alexander Hamilton. Most of these institu tions are still
r unning an<l have been converted Into national banks. The Bank of the
United St ates was organized In 1791. The most of the stock was owned by
the United States Government, b ut later the Government interest w~s dis·
posed of, and in 1843 the bank failed.
State banks were o rg,\nized r apidly, a.nd private banking firms sprang
Into existence and the bus iness of banking assumed immense proportions,
In 1863, tbe NAT10N.!.L DANK SYSTEM was adopted and In 1864 the National
Banlc Bureau of the '. rreasury Depa.t•tment was organized, the chief o'ffi.cer
of which is the cornt>troller of the currency. In March, 1865, an act was
passed providing fo1; a ten per cent. tax on notes of any person or State
bank issued tor circulation, and making an exception of National banks.
This had the effect of ta.xlng the State bank elrcula.tlon out or existence.
As the National banking system has proven one of the most efficient and sat.
· lsfactory methods the world bas ever known, It will be of Interest to r e v iew
here some or its prin cipal features. Under this act National banks may be
organized by any number or persons not less than five. Not less than one·
third of the ea.pital must be invested in United States bonds, upon Which,
ch·culating notes may be issued equal to 90 per cen t of the par value of the
bonds . . These circulati n g n otes a1•e receivable at pat• in the Unlt~d States
In all payments except fOl' duties on imports, interest on the p ublic debt
and in t·edemptlon of t he national currency. '. rite Nation al banks are re·
quired to keep a certain 1·eservc; they are authorized t o loan money at the
r ate of interest allowed b y the various States- when uo rate Is fixed by the
laws of the State, the banka may char ge 7 p er ce nt. Shareholders are held
Individually liable, equably and ratably, for all debts of the association to
the extent of the amount of theh• stock, in addition to the amount Invested
therein. The banks are required, before the declaration of a di"vide n d, to
carry one-tent h part of their net profits of t he preceding halt year to a
surplus fund until the sa.me shall amount t o 20 per cen t . of the capital ; and
losses and bad <lebts must be deducted from net profits before any dlvl<lend
Is declared. A receiver may be appoi nted by the comptroller to close u p
under his supervision th e affairs of an y national banlc which shall fall t o
keep good its la.wful money reserve or which may b ecome insolvent. While
there ha.ve been national bank failures, tltere bas never been any loss to
the people whatever.on the circnla.tion, A s uit may be brought for forfeiture of the clutrter of a bank if tbe directors shall Jmowingly violate tile
law; and In s u ch cases they may be held liable in their Individual capacity.
There are othe r restrictions In the h•w-such as fo r instance, the proltlbl·
tion aga.inst loaning· to any one horrowel' of more than ten pet• cent. or the
capital; or the holding of any real estate except s uch as is required for
ban Iring purposes, or the granting of lou.ns upon the security of the bank
stock.
The natio nal ba.nlc circulation has been gradually growing less during
the past ten years, as the United States bonds M•a.llablc aJ•e quoted so high
above par and the rate of Interest s o low that there is but little profit to the
banks In lt. All of the S tates have laws regnlating State Banks and providing certain res tl'ic tions, but as the laws of the various States are not alike It
is Impossible to g ive a. general description of tile matter that would apply to
a ll the States. T he laws, howeve r, provide for and r equire State banks to
hold a certain reserve, and at regular Intervals they make full statements
a.s to their aondltlon and their a.tl'ail'S a.re examined into by certain State
officials at frequen t intervals. The laws of all the States have reached a
high degre e of perfection in the m ethod of regulating and overseeing State
banks, a.nd the almost univer sal soundness and 1•ellablllty of these lnstt.
tutlons reflect credit upon the laws under which they exist.

CLEARING HOUSE.
CHE Clearing-House is the place where the exchanges of the banks are
made In all the prin cipal cities of the wo•·ld. The clearing-house sys.
tem was first established In London about the beginning of the present
century. It was fit•st intt•oduced into this country by the banks of the city
of New York orgMtizing an association, under the name of the New York
Clearing House, which commenced operations Oct. 11, 1853. At that time It
consisted of fift y·two banks, but five of theln were soon closed because of
their inability to meet Its 1·equirements. Cle:.rlng H ouses have since been
established in nea rl y all of the principal cities of t.be contin e nt.
·
In all cities "'bank receives large amount.s of bills of and cheeks on other
banl<s, so that u.t the close of each day's b usiness every bank has , In lts
drawerll, various sums thus due It by other banks. It Is, In like manner,
Itself the deb tor of o,ther banks, which have during the day r eceived Its bills
and cb eclts drawn u pon lt. Prior to the establishment of the clearing·
h ouse i t was n ecessat·y for each bank, ever y morning, to make up Its
account with every other bank, and to send Its porter or agenHo present the
bills and checks so t•ecelved to the debtor banl's for pay ment. The balances
were a.djuste<l by payments i n gold, w hich became so laborious, dangerous,
and complicated, that the balances were s ettled only weekly instead of
daily-a plan that t·esulted in g reat r lslr .e.ud evil. This wa.s obviated by
the clearing .llouse system, through whiCtl tTl( settlements are so slmultanaously and quickly cll'ected that in New York the transactions in one sin gle
day have amounted to ovcr$SOO,OOO,OOO,in adjusting w hich the exchanges were
settled in tlte s pace of an hour. Besides s av ing a vast amount of work,
book-keeping and expense, it e nabled the banks by u nited aid to !!trengthen
each other in times of excitement and financial panic .
The followin g Is the manner in which the settlements are made In about
all the clea.rll>g-houses of this country : The clearing-room is provided
with" continuous line of des k s , one for each br>nk that Is a. member of the
association, e r>ch d es!< bearing the n a m e and number of tlte bank. Each
bank Is r epresented eve>·y morning, a.t t h e ltonr fixed fo r settlement, by
two clerks, one a messen ger who brings with him t he c heck s, drafts, etc.,
that his bank lu•s received during th e <lay previous upon the other banks
-called the "exchanges," and these ?..r e assorted for each bank and placed
In e n velopes. On the outsid e or each envelope Is a slip on which are listed
the a.mounts o ! the various items which It contains. The messengers take
their places In a line outside the r ow of desks, each opposite the desk as·
signed to !tis bank, while a t each d esk is a. clerk with a. s lleet containing
the n ames of all t he ban ks in t h e same or cler as the desks, with the aggregate a mo un ts which hi,; b ank's messenger has a.galnst each bank. Just
previous to the hom• I! xed fo r makin g the ex changes the manager takes his
position and C<'lls the house to order. A t a slgn<>l t h e bell rings and each
messen ger moves forwar d to tlte desk n ex t his own and delivers the e nvel·
o pe conta.Jning the checks, etc., for the bank represented at tha t desk to
the clerk a t that desk, together with a printed list or the banks in the same
order, with the amount opposi~ each bank. The cleric receiving It, signs
a n d r eturns it to the messenger, wh o lmmedia.tely passes on to the next
desk; t hen to the ue xt, and so on until be has made a complete circuit
and bas again t·eached the desk of h is own bank -the s tarting point. All
the other 1nessen.gers m ovin g in the •same man net•; each messengeL· has, by
this means, visited every bank and delivt-red to ea.cb everytlllng his bank
held fO\' it, taldn:;: t\ t·eceipt for the s ame ; a nd a t the same time each bank
h as r eceive<l all the exchan ~es that every other ba.nk ba.d against it. T his
operation even in the g reatest clearing houses only consumes from t en to
fifteen minutes.
'J:'Itis enables the banks to know a.t once t he exa ct balance for01· agalns~
It, as. the clerks Immediately enter rt·om the slips on their own sheets the
aggregate amount from e ..ch bank, and the difference bet ween the total
amount"'brou:rh t by them, which at once s hows the balance due to or from
the cl earing house to each bank,
This is rep orted to their banks, and the balance is paid to o r drawn
from the clearing b ou se, thus a.t once settling tile accounts between all the
banks. The lists are " p roved •• ca refully, a n d certain fines are la.ld fao all

errors.. tardiness, etc•

to Act of OoqNaa, In the year 1905, by Gw. A. OGLE & Co., In the office of the Librarian of Conjtress, a.t Washington, J), 0.

SUPPLEMENT Xll

ANCIENT, MEDLEY AL AND MODERN HISTORY.
--~==~-----====r================~==~============~==============~==============
- ==--·
.A. D.
all6 Augustine made Bishop of Hippo (died

43(1).
:Alaric In Greece.
Stlllcho attains chief power under Hono·
rius.
liM The Britons ask aid of Honorlus against
the Plcts and Scots.
S9'1 Deaths of Martin of Tours and Ambrose
of Milan.
US Chrysostom Bishop of Constantinople
(died 407).
400 Alaric ravages Italy.
'408 Battle' of Pollentla.
Defeat of Alaric by Stillcho.
408 The Vandals, Alan! and Suevt Invade
Spain.
•
409 The Roman legions recalled from Britain·
final withdrawal about 418.
'
410 Sack of Rome by Alaric.
Death of Alaric.
Pelag!us begins to preach about this time.
412 Proclus the fhllosopher born (died 485).
414 Marriage o Atau!phus, King of the
Goths, to Placida, daughter of Theodoslus the Great.
Persecution of the Christians In Persia
begins; lasts thirty years.
420 Death of St. Jerome.
Oros lus, the Spanish presbyter and historian, tlourished.
423 Death of Honorius at Ravenna.
426 Administration of Etlus begins, lasting
about thirty years.
The Traveler's Song published.
428 N estorius, Patriarch of Constantinople
banished (435).
'
429 The Vandals under Genserlc Invade Af·
rica.
Death of Theodore, Bishop of Mopsuestla.
431 Third General Council held at Ephesus.
432 St. Patrick a:rrlves In Ireland.
433 Attlla King of the Huns.
438 Theodosian code published.
439 The Vandals s urprise Carthage.
440 Leo I. (the Great) Bishop of Rome.
442 Treaty of peace between Valentlnlan and
Genserlc.
Attila In Thrace and Macedonia.
446 Messages of the Britons to Etlus for aid
against the Saxons.
447 Attila ravages the Eastern Empire.
T~~~~oslus concludes a treaty with At449 The Robber-Council of Ephesus.
Landing of the English In Britain.
Henglst and Horsa In Kent.
450 Death of Theodoslus II.
451 Invasion of Gaul by Attila.
VIctory of Etlus a t Chalons.
Fourth General Council held at Chalcedon.
Monophyslte controversy begins,
452 Invasion of Italy by Attila.
Venice founded.
453 Death of Attlla. Dissolution of his empire.
·
454 St. Patrick fixes his see at Armagh,
'55 ·Sa ck of Rome by Genserlc.
Intercession of Leo.
457 Henglst founds the Kingdom of Kent.
460 The epic poem of Beowulf (?).
461-'67 Rule of Rlclmer.
Severus nominal Emperor.
462-'72 Conquests of the Vlslgoths In Spain
and Gaul.
465 Great fire at Constantinople.
470 Birth of Boethlus (died 628).
475 Romul!IS Augustulus Emperor of the
West (banished 476).
476 Odoacer captures and sacks Rome and
becomes King of Italy.
Succession of Western Emperors ends.
Close of the period of Ancient History.

Medieval History
476 Establishment of the Kingdom ot the
Franks.
477 Second Saxon Invasion of Britain.
480 Birth of St. Benedict (died 543).
481 C!g~~l. I. (Merovlnglan) reigns In Belgic
485 Proclus, philosopher, died.
486 Battle of Scissons.
C!ovlus I. defeats the Gauls.
489 Ostrogoths Invade Italy.
491 Ella founds the Kingdom of Sussex.
493 Theodoric establishes the Ostrogothlc
Kingdom of Italy, South Germany and
Hungary, capital at Ravenna.
496 Third Saxon Invasion of Brl taln.
Cerdlc founds the Kingdom of Wessex.
496 Clovis of France embraces Christianity.
501 Laws of Burgundy published.
502 Charbades, the Persian, ravages the
Greek Empire.
503 Fergus lands In Scotland from Ireland.
506-'42 The famous King Arthur said to reign
In England.
607 Clovis, having conquered the country
from the Pyrenees to the Loire, rounds
the Kingdom of all Franks.
I 510 Clovis makes Paris the capital of the
Franks.
li11 Salle Law established by Clovis tn
France.
Division of the monarchy between Clovis'
four sons.
·
614 V!tallanus, the Goth, besieges ConstantlDIJI)\e.

519 Cerdlc founds the Kingdom of Wessex
In Britain.
627 Justinian I. becomes Emperor of Rome.
F~~~~~~3:xon Invasion of Brltaln•.,Essex
629 Justinian Code published.
534 Bellsarius conquers Afrl~.a.
688 The Franks appear in Italy.
539 Italy made subject to Bellsarius. Gott•s
ravage Milan.
544 Birth of Gregory or Tours (died 590).
645 The Turks enter .Asia.
647 Northumbrla founded In Britain.
650 The Angles form the Heptarchy Anglla,
Deira Mer cia, etc.
662 Totlla, the Os trogoth, defeated in I taly
by the Imperial generals Narses and
Belisarlus.
•
554 Narses overthrows Gothic power In Italy,
658 Clotalre sole ruler In France.
560 Fergus Moor II. of Scotland (?).
661 Death of Clotalre. His four sons divide
the kingdom between them.
562 St. Colomba lands In Scotland.
663 Constantinople destroyed by tlre.
664 History of Glldas (?).
565 Death of Justinian I. Ethelbert becomes
King of Kent.
668 Italy Invaded by the Longobardi from
Germany, who found the Kingdom of
Lombardy. Narses governor of Italy.
670 Birth of Mohammed (died 632).
577 Battle of Durham; West-Saxons defeat
the Britons.
581 Paris mostly destroyed by fire.
Sclavonlans ravage Thrace.
584 Franks Invade Italy and are repelled.
The Mayors of the palace the real rulers In France.
586 Kingdom of Mercia founded In Britain.
587 Franks expelled from Spain by Recared I.
590 Gregory I., the Great, becomes Pope.
595 The Lombards besiege Rome and overrun
Italy.
697 St. Augustine arrives In England.
598 Ethelbert, King of Kent, embraces Christianity.
608 Italy ravaged by Sclavonlans,
~03 Scots Invade Bern lela; are driven back.
611 The Persians make conquests In Syria,
Egypt, and Asia Minor, and besiege
. _ Rome.

I

A. D.

612
613
614
622

Jews persecuted In Spain.
C!otalre II. King of France.
Jerusalem captured by Persians.
Mohammed secretly leaves Mecca and enters Medina.
The Hegira or Arab emigration-not
tllght as commonly translated.
628 Dagobert, the "Solomon of the Franks,"
becomes King.
Revises and publishes the Salle and RIparian Laws.
630 Mohammed re-enters Mecca; Installed as
prince and prophet.
632 Death of Mohammed.
His religion spreads through Persia.
634 The Koran publis hed.
638 Syria occupied by Saracens.
C~~!~c!~·· son or Dagobert, King of
639 Omar institutes the new Moslem Calendar.
640 Alexandrian Library burnt.
642 In Britain the Merclans defeat the Berniclans.
653 Rhodes taken by the Saracens.
656 Clotalre III. becomes King of France.
662 In Italy, Constans II., Emperor of the
East, Is defeated by the Lombards.
668 Constantinople besieged by Saracens.
672 Saracens driven rrom Spain.
672-'77 Wamba's "good reign" In Spain.
678 Cadwallader, the last king of the Britons,
reigns.
B'U~:.;~~~s · occupy Bulgaria, In Northern
681 1\{:!>s"~~~t'eJ~t of the Merovlnglana, as-

685 Saxons drive Britons Into Wales and
Cornwall.
687 Sussex united to Wessex.
, In France, Pepin defeats Thierry.
694 Kent ·devastated by West Saxona.
697 Anafesto becomes the first Doge of VenIce.
.
709 Tho Saracens Invited Into Spain to over throw King Roderick.
711 The Saracens cross from Africa to Spain.
The Bulgarians ravage the Eastern Empire.
712 The Gothic Kingdom of Spain overthrown
by the Arabs.
E~~g~;~~~~t of the Saracen kingdom
714 Charles Martel, mayor of the palace ani!
real ruler or France.
716 Independent Gothic Monarchy rounded In
th e Asturias.
718 Leon and Asturias formed Into a Kingdom by Pelays, who checks t he conquests or the Saracens in Spa in.
720 The Saracens are defeated at Constantinople.
Charles Martel created Duke of Fran~~.
The Saracens Invade France.
730 Pope Gregory excommunicates the Emperor Leo.
732 Battle or Tours, or Poitiers ; crushing defeat of the Saracens by the F ranks.
739 Charles Martel conquers Provence.
746 Slavic settlements in Grecian Peloponnesus.
747 Carloman of France abdicates.
752 Pepin, the Short, s on of Charles Martel,
becomes King ot France.
754 Pepin gt...:es Ravenna to the Pope.
755 Insurrection In Mercia, Britain.
Abderahman I. becomes K ing of Cordova.
756 Pepin annexes Ravenna to the See of
Rome.
760 Insurrection of Toledo.
768 Death of Pepin, who Is succeeded by his
two sons, Charlemagne and Carloman,
who rule In France and Germany.
771 Charlemagne rules a lone.
772-'85 Charlemagne, after a severe struggle,
conquers the Saxons; they embrace
Christianity.
774 Charlemagne annexes Italy after conquering the Lombarda.
778 Battle of Roncesvallea.
Beginning of the age of chivalry.
Charlemagne unsuccessfully Invades
Spain.
786 Saxons, subdued by Charlemagne, become Christians.
787 The Danes land In England.
791-'96 Charlemagne establishes the Marg:ravlate of Austria.
Reign of Alfonso, the Chaste, In Spain;
Independence of Christians established.
799 The Avars subdued by Charlemagne.
800 Charlemagne crowned at Rome; bei~~e~11~mperor of the West by Pope
802 Rurlo, the Norman, establishes the first
regular government In Russia at Novgored, and becomes g rand duke.
807 wg~e~~~~veen Slaves and Po!yponneslan
814 Louis 1., Emperor, dethroned, but restored to his dominions.
817 Louis, the German (France), conquers
Austria.
820 Michael II. or the Byzantine Empire
founds the Armorlan dynasty.
823 II\ England, Essex (and, two years later,
· ]{ent and Northumbrla) are annexed to
Wessex.
825 The Servtans occupy Dalmatia.
827 'rhe Saxon Heptarchy ends and Egbert{
king of W essex, becomes king of a!
England.
830 Louis the Debonair Imprisoned In France.
839-'40 Louis separates Germany from
France.
840 Charles the Bald King of France.
8-11 German princes assert their Independence.
844 Treaty of Verdun; the sons of Louts divide the empire.
Spain ravaged by the Northmen.
846 The Saracens sack Rome.
848 Brittany becomes Independent.
850 Russian monarchy established by Rurlc.
850(?) Scots and Plcts united under Kenneth.
851 Northmen pillage France.
865 Russians attack Constantinople.
867 Bassllllan Dynasty founded at Constantinople.
.
869 Ecumenical Council of Cons tantinople.
(Latin Church.)
871 Tho Danes defeat Alfred at battle of Merton.
873 Kingdom of Navarre founded by Sancho
Iulgo.
875 Charles, the Bald, becomes Emperor; Is
~~~~ned by Zedechlas, a J ewis h physl875-1154 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
877 Louts II. King of France.
871/ Alfred the Great driven from England.
879 ~~umenlca,l Council c! Constantinople.
(G>~ek Church.)
881 Danes 1--.vage Scotland.
888 Paris attacked by Northmen.
890 Italy subjected to the Eastern Empire.
Altred of England founds Oxford, and
establishes a code of laws ; organizes
militia and a navy; subdivides the
country and causes surveys of the Kingdom.
895 Altred's translations.
896 The Germans, under Arnold, seize Rome.
Altred of England vanquishes the Danes.
901 Death of Alfred the Great.
904 Russia Invades Greek Empire under
Oleg.
907 The Russians receive tribute from Constantinople.
910 Asser's life of Alfred written.
9U Death of Louis the Child, last of the
German Carolingians.
912 Rollo the Northman becomes Robert,
Duke of Normandy.
918-'34 Henry I. the Fowler, reigns In Germany; conquers the Huns, Danes, Vandals, and Bohemians.
921 Italy invaded by the Burgundlans.
928 Five Emperors rule the Byzantine Empire.
933 Atbelstan ravages Scotland.
934 Henry I. of c;lermany defeats tbe Danes.

A. D.
936 Otho the Great In Germany.
937 Athelsta n wins a g reat victory over the
Danes, Scots, . etc., and becom es first
King of England.
939 Louis IV. of F r·ancc subdues Hugh Capet, Count of Paris.
944 "talco 1m I. In Scotland.
'
951 Otho Invades Italy.
962 Otbo the Great becomes Emperor of the
West ; Italy a nd Germany united.
978 Otho II. Invades Fra nce.
979 Assassination of Edward, the Martyr, of
England.
982 Battle of Baslentello; Otho III. of Germany defeated by Greeks and Sar acens.
987 Hugh Capet becomes King of France.
988 Vladimir marries Annie, s ister of Basil
II. of Russia, and embraces Christianity.
995 Elfrlc's Homilies.
996 Otho III. m akes the German Emperor
elective.
Paris made the Capital of all France.
997 Death of St. Adelbert, who first Introduced Christianity Into Prussia.
999 Gerbert. Silvester II. Pope.
:11000 Genoa, Italy, becomes r lc;h and powerful.
1002 Massacre of Danes In England by Ethelred.
Reign of Robert II. In Burgundy.
1008 Sweyn, King of Denmark, a venges the
massacre.
Ethelred fiees to Normandy.
Malcolm II. King of Scotland.
1013 Sweyn conquers England.
1014 Battle of Zetunlum; Basil II. of Constantinople defeats the Bulgarians.
1015 Vladimir I. d ies; Russia Is d ivided.
1016 E thel red dies; Edmund Ironsides and
Canut e divide England.
Italy Invaded by Northmen.
Expulsion of Saracens.
1017 Canute, the Dane, becomes King of all
England.
,
1019 The Moors enter Spain.
1026 Sancho II. of Navarre founds the Kingdom of Castile.
1035 Arrag)n becom es a Kingdom under RamIrez I.
1037 Union of Leon and Austria with Castile.
1039 Duncan I. or Scotland murdered by Macbeth.
1040 Sicily restored and Servia lost to tlle
Eastern Empire.
The Cld (Ruy Diaz) In Spain.
l O.fl Danes driven rrom Scotland.
1042 The Saxony Dynasty r estored. Edward,
the Confessor, K ing of Engla nd.
Conquest of Bohemia by Henry III.
1043 Russians defeated before Constantinople.
1051 R ebellion of Godfrey In Kent.
1052 War of Roderlgo, tbe Cld, with the
Moors.
1058 Moors expelled from Italy.
Macbeth defeated and slain.
Malcolm III. of Scotland.
lOGO Philip 1.. the F a ir, K ing of France.
Lambert of Her zfeld.
1065 ' Jerusalem captured by the T urks.
1066 William of Normandy Invades England,
and wins the ba ttle of Hastings .
Harold defeats the Norwegians, and Is
crowned K ing of England, January G.
Death of Harold.
William I .. the Norman, crowned King,
December 25.
1070 The feuda l system Introduced In England.
1071 Norman I<lngdom of the· two Slclllos.
Herewar d in the Isle of Ely.
1073 Hildebrand made Pope Gregory VII.
Gregory VII. establishes universal sovereignty of the papacy, and reforms
a buses In the Church.
.
Henry VI. of Germany disputes his title.
1075 Oderl cus Vltalls.
1076 Justice of the Peace ap,'Wflnted.
1077 H enr y IV. subml~ ..nd does penance.
1081 Italy Invade<! ;,y t he Germans.
1084 Henry IV. takes Rome.
The P ope files to Salerno and dies there,
in 1085.
·
Clement Ill. m ade Pope by Henry IV.
1086 Domesday Book completed In England;
commenced In 1077.
Burno founds Carthusians.
1087 Willia m II. crowned King of England.
l OSS Urban 11. Pope.
1090 Mantua taken by Henry IV.
1091 The Saracens of Spain Invite the African
Moors to their aid In driving back the
Chris tians.
The Moors defeat the Christians and seize
the Saracen possessions.
1095 Portugal becomes a separate principality
under Henry of Besancon.
William of Malmesbury.
1096 Firs t Crusade begun.
Verse Edda compiled ( ?).
1098 War between France and England.
1099 Death of the Cld.
Jerusalem captured by Godfrey de BoullIon.
UOO Henry I. crowned King of England.
Grants a charter r estoring the Saxon
laws.
1104 Crusaders capture Acre.
U06 Milan becomes a free republic.
Henry I. defeats Ills brother Robert, and
gains Normandy.
1107 Alexander I. Scotland.
1108 Louis VI. le gros (the Lusty) King of
France.
1110 Henry V. of Germa ny Invades Italy.
1114 Henry V. marries Matilda of England.
lUG Univers ity of Bologna founded.
Euclid translated Into English.
1119 Play of St. Catherine at Dunstable.
1120 Rise of the Lombard (Ita ly) cities.
Shipwreck of Prince William.
1122 Treaty of Worms, between the Emperor
and P ope.
1124 David I . King of Scotland.
112t> Era of the glor y of Venice. VIctories
over the Eastern Empire.
U32 Arnold of Brescia.
1135 Stephen becomes I<lng of England.
H enry's daughter, Maud, disputes the
cr"''Qln; ~Ivll war ensues.
r,ou. Vl. <;rants lett ers of franchise to
citlt.. ano towns.
1 Empress Maud's partisans defeated a t
the battle of the S tandard, Aug. 22.
11:,. Portugal becomes a kingdom.
Maud la nds In England. and defeats Stephen; Is crowned at W'lnchester, March
3. 1141.

1143 Moors r ebel In Spain.
1144 Alphonso of Leon defeats the Moors.
Wars of the Lomba rd cities.
U46 Second Crusade; Louis VII. of France
and Conrac:l TTl. of Germany are defeated by (;reek treachery, A. D. U48.
Greece plundered by Roger of Sicily.
1147 Maud Is defeated by Stephen, and retires
to F r ance.
U50 Arthurlan L egends published.
U52 Frederic Barbaross a made Emperor of
Germany.
1163 Maud concludes a peace with Stephen.
Malcolm IV. King of Scotland.
1154 Freder ic Barbarossa Invades Italy.
Henry II., King of England, the tlrst
Plantagenet , crowned December 19.
Adrian IV. Pope.
Cons titutions of Clarendon enacted In
England.
1166 Margravlate, Austria, m a de a lleredltary
duchy by Freder ic I.
U61 War of Guelphs and Ghlbelllnes.
U62 Barbarossa destrOY.S Milan.
U63 Berlin founded by a colony frorn the
Netherlands.
U65 William the Lion, l<ing of Scotland.
1166 Assizes or Clarendon and Northampton.
U67 Frederic Bnrbarossa t akes Rome.
The Lombard League formed against the
Emperor.
1169 University of Paris founded.
1170 Thomas A. Becket murdered in England
December 29.
Co»yright, 1905, by Geo. A. Ogle & Co.

A. D.
1172 The Sultan Saladin ma kes great conquests In Asia.
Ireland conquered by the English.
1176 Battle of Legnano. Ba rbarossa defeated
by the Lombard Leu.g ue.
Six circuits tor the administration or
justice established in England.
1180 Glanvl! Chief Justice of England.
Philip II. (Augustus) King o r France.
1181 Glanvll makes a digest o r English law.
1183 Peace of Constance esta bltshes the rree
cities of Italy.
·
1185 Provinces of Amlens and Valois annexed
to France.
1187 Saladin seizes Jerusalem.
U 89 Third Crusade by Englancl, France and
Germany.
i:;iuge of Acre begun.
Richard I. crowned in England, Sept . 3.
Terrible massacre of Jews In London.
1190 Frederic I. (Barbarossa), drowned.
Order of Teutonic Knights established.
Henry v. Invades Italy.
University of Oxford founded.
1191 Richard I. joins t he Crusades.
Acre capt ured.
Jerusalem opened to pilgrim.
Kingdom of Cyprus founded.
Artois annexed to France.
1192 Richard 1., Coeur de Lion, made prisoner
In Germany by Henry IV. ; ransomed
(1194) for £400,000.
Richard defeats Saladin.
1198 Innocent III. P ope.
1199 J ohn becomes King ot_ England, May 27.
1200 University of Salamanca founded.
1202 Four t h Crusade; capture of Zora.
1203 Constantinople besieged and captured by
the Crusader s.
1204 Nor mandy lost to Engla nd.
Latins possess a nd divide Greece.
1207 Alblgenslan Crusade.
1208 Otho crowned Emper or of Germany at
Rome.
,
E ngland Int erdicted by the Pope.
1209 French Crusade against the Albegeolse.
Inq uisition established.
1210 War between Venice and Genoa.
1213 Battle of Muret ; defeat of Alblgenses .
Interdict of England r emoved.
1214 Alexander II. of Scotla nd.
Frenclt defeat Germans at Bouvlnes.
1215 Magna Charta signed at Runnymede,
June 15; confirmed and renowed 30
times.
Birth or Roger Bacon (died 1292).
1216 Henry III. becomes I<lnp, of England,
October 28.
1217 F lttb Crusade by Germans and Hun·
garians.
1220 Frederick II. becomes Emper or of Italy.
1222 Matthew Par·ls born.
The Teutonic Knights undertake the conquest or Poland.
1223 Tartars conquer a large pa• ' ot Russia.
LOI!iS VIII. King of Fmnce.
1224 Louis frees his serfs.
1226 St. Louis becomes King Louis IX. of
France.
1227 Gregory IX. Pope.
1228 Sixth Crusade ; Frederick II. at. Acre.
1229 The Inquisition begun.
1229 Ten years' truce wit h the Sulian.
Jerusalem r estored to Ute Chrlstla.rs.
Frederick crowned King of Jerusalem.
Alblgenses defeated In France.
1231 University of Cambridge founded.
1232 Fall of Huber t de Burgh.
1233 War s between Castile and Moors, and
capture of Cordova, Seville, Toledo, and
othor cities by Ferulnand Ill.
1235 The Mongolians Invade Russia.
1236 War between the Emperor and the Lombard Leag ue.
1237 The Grand Duke Jurlc (Russia) slain In
ba ttle.
1238 Moorish Kingdom of Grenada founded
by Mohammed I.
1239 Seventh Crusade, by Thlbaud, Count of
Champag ne.
1241 Prose Edda.
1242 Tartars establish the empire of Kahn of
Kaptschak.
1244 Jerusalem seized by the Car lsmlans.
Danes Invade Russia, and are defeated by
Alexander Newskl.
1246 The Hanseatic League formed.
1246 Frederick II. of Aus tria killed In batt le
with the Hungarians.
1250 Louis defeat s King H enry of England.
Louis capt ured by the Saracens; truce
tor ten years.
Mamelukes rule Egy pt .
1251 Rise of Medica family In Italy.
1262 Alexander Newskl Is made Grand Duke
of Russia. and reigns as Alexander I.
1254 Ottocar of Bohemia acquires the Austrian P rovinces.
1259 Kubla Kahn builds Pekin.
12GO Ottocar wars with Hungar y ~,.• Styrla.
1262-'GS Barons' War In Englan '
1263 Ot toca r Inherits Corlnt hla
1265 The first regular Par llamt 1• or England
meets.
Birth of Dante; d ied 131.;.
1266 Naples a nd Sicily conq u.,ted by Charl e~
of Anjou.
1268 N inth Cr usade, by Louts IX. and l'ldward, Prince of Wal es.
1270 Louis IX. dies at Carthage.
Philip III. (the H a rdy) King of F rance.
1271 The English quit Palestine.
1272 Reign of Edward I. of England;
crowned Nov. 20.
Ottocar declines the lmperlal Crown of
Germany.
1273 Randolph, Count ot Hapsburg, chosen
Emperor of Germany; Ottocar refuses
to acknowledgE- him.
, n 4 Navarre passes to the r oyal family of
Fran ce.
Rudolph makes war upon Ottocar, and
gains Austria, Corlnt hla a nd Styria.
1275 Wars of Robert Bruce and John Ballot
t or the crown of Scotland.
1276 House of H apsburg, of Austria, found('().
1277 Rule of the Visconti, Milan.
1278 Ottocar slain at the battle of March!eld.
1282 Sicilian Vespers, massacre of Sicilians
by the French.
Crusade against Aragon; the French expelled.
1283 Wales subjected to England.
1285 Philip IV. (the Fair) King of France.
1286 Kenlgsberg made the capital or Prussia.
1287 Jews banished from England.
1288 Nicholas I V. Pope.
1289 Second Invasion of the Mongols.
1291 Mamelulces take Acre.
Christian power In Syria destroyed.
1296 Scotland subdued by England.
1297 Sir William Wallace tights for the !ndllpendence of Scotland.
Revolt of Scotland.
1299 Battle of Falklrk; Bruce and Douglas
defeated by Edward I.
Osman I. establishes the Turkish , Empire.
1300 Moscow becomes the capital of Russia.
1301 Philip IV. q uarrels with the Pope.
Charles of Valois In Italy.
1302 First convocation of States-General In
France.
1303 Edward I. Invades Scotland.
1305 William Wallace executed.
1306 Robert Bruce crowned as King of Scot·
land.
1307 Edward II. crowned, July 8, King of
England.
1307-'14 P hilip s uppresses the Knights TempJar, and burns the Grand Master at
Pa.ris. .
.
1308 Pope Clement V. removes to Avignon, in
·
F'rance.
Albert I., of Austria, attempts to subdue
the Swiss, who have revolted under
William Tell. ( ?)
1309 The Swis• revolt successfuI.
.
1310 Henry VIT. •ubclues the J,ombards.
1313 Louis V. and Frederic of Austria contend

A. D.

1314 Battle or Bannockburn; the Scots, un·
der Robert Bruce, defeat the Engllsn
under Edward.
Louis IV. King of Germany.
Union of France and Navarre.
1315-'25 Insurrection c! English Barons.
The Swiss totally defeat tho Austrians at
Morgarten.
1316 John I., a posthumous son of Louis X.,
King, dies at the age of fou r days.
Philip II. (the Long) I<lng or France.
1321 Death of Dante.
1322 Battle of Muehldorf; Louts V. defeats
Fredericlc.
Charles IV. King of F rance.
1324 Birth or John Wickliffe; died 1384.
1326 Germany Invaded by Turks.
1327 E dward III. cr owned, Jan. 25, King of
England.
Independence of Scotland.
200,000 Moors brought from Afr·tca by the
King of Grenada.
1328 Charles the Fair, of France, dies; Philip
VI., of the House of Valois, reigns.
Ivan I. rules Russia.
1329 David II. l<lng or Scotland.
1333 The Scots defeated by Edward at Halldon Hill.
1337 War between !•'ranee and Flanders.
Birth of Froissart ; died 1401.
1339 First Doge of Genoa appointed.
1340 Birth of Gerhar·d Groot; died 1380.
Battle of Tarlfa in Spain; Moors terribly defeated by Alphonso XI., or Castile.
1346 l3attle of Crecy; l"rench, under Philip.
r outed by the English, uncler E d ward
III., and the Black Prince.
Battle of Durban, in Scotland.
Battle of Neville's Cross .
1347 Tho English take Calais.
Rienzi, last of tho Tribunes, establishes
a democracy in Rome.
1348 University of P rague rounded.
1349 Dauphlny annexed to France.
The black death in England.
1350 Order of. the Garter instituted by Edward and John II. , King of F r ance.
1352 Marino Fallero at Venice.
1353 Turlcs enter Greece.
1354 Rienzi slain at Rome.
1356 Battle of Pol tiers, September 19; 8,000
English defeat 60,000 French; the
Black Prince takes John II. captive t o
London, where he dies.
Charles I V., of Germany, signs the
Golden Bull, the basis of the German
Constitution until 1806.
1358 Insurrection of the Jacquer le In France.
1360 Peace of Bretigny, between English and
French.
1361 Italy overrun by the Free Lances.
Turks enter Gr·eece.
1362 The English language ordered to be used
In legal proceedings, England.
1363 Austria acquh·es the Tyrol.
1364 Cha rles V. (the Wise) King of France.
Philip, the Bold, Duke of Burgundy.
Treaty between Austria and Bohemia.
1366 H . Van Eyck, painter, born.
1367 The Mamelukee conquer Armenia.
1369 Empire of Tam,erlane founded.
Langland's " Piers Plowman."
1370 Pope Gregory XI. goes to Avlgnon.
1371 Stuart line begins with Robert IL of
Scotland.
1374 Death of Petrarch.
Rebellion against the P ope.
1375 Death of Boccacclo.
1377 Richard 11. King of E ngland, June 22.
Papacy r estored to Rome.
1380 Battle of the Don; Dimitri II., of Russ ia, defeats the Tartars.
Wyckliffe's t ranslation of the Bible published.
Thomas A. Kempls born.
Russia wars with the Tartars.
Char les VI.. King of F r ance.
1381 Watt Tyler 's Insurrection In London
crushed.
Ghlberti, artist, born; died 1455.
1382 " Legend of Good Women," England.
1383 The Tartars burn Moscow.
1385 Death of John Wyckliffe.
1386 John of Ghaunt In Spain.
Battle of Lempach; defeat of t he Aust rians by the Swiss, and death or Duk-..
Leopold.
1387 German Empire divided.
Fra Angelico, painter, born; died 1448.
1333 Battle of Chevy Chase, or Otterburne,
between Scots and English.
1389 Margaret ot Norway.
1390 The Eastern Empir e loses power In As ia.
Rober·t Ill. K ing of Scotland.
The Canterbury Tales published.
J. Van E yclc, pain ter, born.
1392 The P ortuguese discover the Cape of
Good Hope.
1395 Tamerlane, the Tartar, Invades Russia.
The Wakefield and Towneley mysteries.
1396 Battle of Nicopolis, the Turks, under Bajazet r., defeat the Hungarian Ch ris tians.
1397 Persecution of the Wycklitltes or LoiJa rds.
Union of Ca lmar.
1399 Henry IV. cr·owned King ot England,
Sept. 30th; Order or the Bath founded.
1400 Birth of Della Robbla., architect aud
sculptor.
Death of Chaucer a nd Frolssart.
1401 Rebellion In Wales; Glendower ~.ond the
Percles defeated.
1402 Battle of Angora; Timour the Tartar defeats the Tur lcs and captures Bajazet I.
Masaccio, painter , born,
1405 Prince J ames of Scotland captured.
1406 Albany, regent, In Scotland.
1407 France interdicted by the P ope.
1409 Council of Pisa. Alexander v. made
Pope by council of Plsa.
1410 Slgismund of Hungary becomes Emp!lrOI:'
ot Germany.
1411 Unl versity of St. Andrews founded.
Battle of Harlaw; the Lowland defeat
the Highland Scots.
1412 Birth of Fra Filippo Lippi, painter.
1413 Henry V. crowned, March 21, King of
1414

1415

1-116
1417
1419
1420
1422
1423
1425
1429

1430

1431
1433
1435

for th e: German Empire.

Birth of Boccnccio; died 1375.

1436

C~~~ if~~· Constance;

1

P ope John XXIII.
deposed.
Sigismuncl, King of Bohemia, Emperor of
Ger many.
Battle of Aglncourt; 10,000 English, under Henry V. , defeat 50,000 French.
John H uss and Jerome of Prague burned
at the stake. betrayed by Slglsmund.
Tho partisan ~ of Huss take up arms;
a severe wa1· ensues.
·
Cobllam burnt.
The Hussites tal<e Prague.
Paris captured by the English; Treaty
of Troyes; Henry wins the French
crown; birth of John Wessel.
Henry VI. proclaimed King of France
and England.
Ottoman Empire reunited by Amurath II.
James r. reigns lu Scotland.
War between Milan and Venice.
The Paston Let ters.
Joan of Arc raises siege of Orleans, defeats the English at Patay, and drives
them from all their conquests In
Fmnce except Calais.
Charles VIII. King of France.
Henry VI. crowned at Paris, In December.
Amurath II. conquer s Macedonia.
Humphrey Duke of Gloucester.
The Medici at Florence.
Joan of Arc burned at Rouen.
Lisbon the capital o f Portugal.
Council of llas!e.
Birth of Thomas Matory.
Treaty or Arras, between France and
Burgundy.
Sicily and Naples united.
End of Husslte war s . '
War of Turl<s with Venice.
I nvention of Printing by Guttenberg.

l

SUPPLEMENT XIII

ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AN.D
A. V.

.

1437 James I., of Scotland, murdered.
James II. becomes King.
Albert V., Duke of Aus tria, obtains Bohemia and Hungary, and Is made Elm. peror or Germany.
1438 University of I•'lorence rounded.
'rho Pragmatic Sanction; Albert V ..z. or
Austria, becomes Emperor of u ermany.
1439 Councll of Florence.
Title or Emperor limited to the Austrian Hapsburgs.
1442 Battle of Vasag; Turks routed by Hungarians.
1443 Battle or Nissa; Turks again defeated.
1445 Dlrth or Leonardo do. VInci.
The Arabian Nights Issued (?).
1447 Nicholas v. Pope.
Duke or Gloucester murdered.
1449 The crorzas at Milan.
Alphonso V. at Aragon .
Peacoclt's "Repressor."
1450 Jack Cade's Ins urrection.
Early English ballads.
.
Birth of Dun bar; 'd ied 1530.
1451 University of Glasgow founded.
1452 Earl Douglas murdered by James II.
The Archduchy of Austria created, with
so\·erelgn power, by Frederick III.
1453 Cons tantinople ca ptured by Mohammed
II. ; End of the Eastern Empire.
End of the French a nd English wars.
The Mazartn Bible Issued.
1455-'71 War of. tbo Roses, between Henry VI.
and the Duke of York, afterwards Edward IV.
Battle of St. Albans.
1456 Battle of Belgrade; Turks repulsed by
- Hunga rians.
1457 Frederick III. divides Austria with his
relatives.
1458 Plus II. Pope at Rome.
1460 Birth of Skelton ; died 1528.
The Turks conquer Greece.
1461 Edward I V. deposes H enry VI. of England.
Louis XI. King of F rance.
1462 Ivan, the Great, of Russia, founds th e
m odern Russian Empire.
1463 Turkish war with Venice.
Close ·of Aus tria's war with Frederick
III.

1464 "League of the Public Good," formed by
the nobles, against Louts.
1467 Birth of Erasmus; died 1536.
1468 The Cpventary mysteries.
1470-'92 Lorenzo de Medici nourished.
1471 Lea~e of Italian cities against the

wTNf~~ Caxton

1482

establishes first Englis h
printing-press.
Dattle of Tewkesbury.
Warwick, k ing-maker.
ll!rth of Durer, painter; died 1528.
Birth of Copernicus.
Birth of Mich ael Angelo, architect and
sculptor; died 1556.
Birth of Ar!osto; died 1533.
F erdinand II. , of Aragon, marries Isabella, of Leon and Castile.
Edward IV. Invades France.
Ivan Introduces cannon and firearms
Into Russia.
Birth of Sir John Fortescue.
Battle of Murton.
Russian war with Tartars.
Artois and Burgundy united to France
by Maxlmllllan's marriage.
Birth of Titian, painter; died 1576.
Duke of Clarence murdered.
Union of Aragon and Castile, under
Ferdinand and Isabella.
Great Invas ion of Russia by Tartars.
Mongolian power In Russia destroyed.
Mohammed II. takes Otranto. ,
Frederick IV., of Nurenberg, purcba9eS
Brandenburg from S!glsmund.
Ivan assumes the title of the Czar or

1492

C;;~~~r~~

1473
1474
1.476
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481

Bl~~:s~~ Raphael. painter; died 1520.
1483 Birth of Stephen Hawes; died 1512.
Edward v. made King of England ; April
8 murdered In the •rower.
Richard III. us urps the throne, J une 26.
Charles VIII. King of France.
B!rtb of Luther ; died 1546.
_
1484 Spain Invaded by Turks; first a uto da
fe at Sevllle.
1486 Bosworth Field.
August 22, death of Richard I.
Henry VII. crowned.
1486 H enry marries Elizabeth, daughter of
Edward IV.
B. Dlaz r ounds Cape of Good Hope.
1487 The Court of the Star Chamber Instituted In E ngland.
Provence joined t o France.
1488 W ar between Russia a nd Sweden.
The Yeoman of the Guard organized In
England.
1490 Leonardo da VInci, painter, fiourlsh ed.
1491 Charl es VIII. m arries Anne of Brittany.
Alexander VI. Pope.
Se:vnlgorod defeats and annihilates the

1493

1494
1496
1496
1497
1498
1499

sa!ls from Spain, August 3,
and discovers America, October 12;
discovers Cuba, October 28; Hayti, December 6.
F erdinand conquers Grenada and destroys the Moorish power In Spain .
Cesar Borgia poisons Pope Alexander
VII.
Henry sells the s over eignty of France.
Warbeck's Insurrection; quelled In 1498.
Spanish persecution of the Jews.
Treaty ·of Barcelona, between France
and Spain.
·
League between Russia and Denmark.
Birth of Correggio, painter; died 1534.
Charles VII. Invades Italy and conquers
Naples.
L ollards persecuted In England.
Poynlngs' Act In Ireland.
Naples lost t o Charles.
Spain accrues to Austria by the marriage
of Phlllp I . with the heiress of Aragon and Castile.
Cabot discovers Labrador, June 26; and
surveys Hudson's Bay, July 3.
L ouis XII. K ing of France.
The Fren ch unite with Venice and seize

B~·m:n~f Lepanto; victory of th e Turks.
Mohammedans expelled from Spain.
Swiss Confederacy Independent.
Perkin Warbeck executed.
1600 Pinzon discovers Brazil, January 26.
Cabral, the Portuguese, lands In Brazil,
May 3.
1601 Brasle and Schaffhausen join the SWI6l!
Confederation.
.
Negro s laves Imported Into Hispaniola.
1602 Spanish Moors compe lled to adopt Chris·

c;~~~g;s

1503

1504

1505
1506

1608

salls on his tourth voyage and
discovers various Isles on the coast of
Honduras, and explores the coast s of
the Islanils; discovers and names Porto Bello. November 2.
Reign of Montezuma In Mexico.
Louis XII., of France, Invades Spain.
Portuguese In India.
Birth of Wyat t; died 1642.
Birth of Mendoza, historian ; died 1676.
Death of Queen Isabella of Spain.
Br a.zll expl ored by Americus Vespuclus.
Columbus, worried by the macll!natlons
of his enemies, returns to Spain, November 7.
Birth of J ohn Knox; died 1572.
Death of Columbus, May 20; he was
treate d with the basest Ingratitude by
t he Spanish Government.
3uchanan born; died 1582.
Rule of Charles v. , of Spain, In Hol·
land.
·
Birth of Fran cis Xavier; died 1552.
Yucatan discovered by Solis a nd Pinzon.
League of Cambray, between Louts XU.
and Maxtmllllan, against Venice.

1509 Henry VIII. King of England; he marries Catherine of Aragon.
Venice stripped of Its Italian possessions.
1510 Russia again Invaded by Tartars.
Execution of Dudley and Empson.
Ojedo founds San Sebastian.
1511 Pope Julius II. forms the Holy League
with Ferdinand and Venice.
Velasquez subdues Cuba.
1512 S~!~e~: made King of Turkey by Janis-

'.

1514
1615

HISTORY.

A. D.

A. D .

1613

~fODERN

Ponce de Leon discovers the Florida
coast.
Birth of Vasarl, painter: died 1571.
Birth of Tlntore tto, painter; died 1694.
Navarre annexed to Spain.
England Invades France.
B~~l:at~f Gutnegate or Spurs; French
Scotland Invades England.
Battle of Flodden Field; Scots defeated..
Balboa crosses the Isthmus of Darien
and discovers the Pacific ocean.
'
Leo X., Pope, encourages literature and
the arts.
·
Wolsey's power begins In England.
Battle of 1\farlgnano.
F~:.?~a~·;~efeats the Italiano!, Swiss and

M:~~~~\~~. I. secures the Hungarian
F rancis I. becomes King of France.
First English prose histor y.
Birth of St. Theresa; died 1582.
1616 Death of Ferdinand, King or Spain.
Rule or Cardinal Xlmenes.
Charles I. King or Spain.
· Accession of the House of Austria.
Turks gain Egypt.
1517 Europeans fi rst obtain a footing In China.
Sellm I. defeats llfamelukes and adds
Egypt to the Ottoman Empire.
Luther begins the work of r eformation
In Germany.
F ernandQ de Cordova discovers the MexIcan coast.
.
Luther translat es and publishes the Bible
and Liturgy In German.
Birth of Surrey; died 1547.
1518 Grijalva penetrates Into Yucatan, and
names it New Spain.
1519 Cortez lands In Mexico.
Charles I., o! Spain, elected Emperor or
Germany as Charles V.
1520 "Field or the Cloth of Gold" meeting of
Francis I. with Henr y VIII.
Balboa
passes
through 'Magellen 's
Straits.
1521 Battle of Razau; R ussia defeats Poland.
Martin Luther excommunicated a t the
Diet of Worms.
Conquest of Mexico by Cortez.
H enry VIII. styled the "Defender of the
-Faith" by the Pope.
France and Spain at war.
1522 C<g~;;le~~-e govern.or of Mexico by
First Scotch Invasion of England.
The Louvre, P aris, commenced.
1523 Italian League against Francis I.
Clement VII. P ope at Rome.
Berner's Frolssart.
, Honduras conquered by th e Spaniards.
Verazzanl's discoveries In North AmerIca.
·
Birth of Rousard ; died 1686.
1624 Settlement of New F rance (Canada).
1525 Battle of Pavia.
Francis I. defeat ed and taken prisoner
by Charles v. ·
Peasants' War In (}()rmany,
Albert of Brandenburg embraces Luthe~anlsm and becom es Duke of Eas t
Prussia and F ter of Poland.
1526 Ferdinand I. unites Bohemia and Hungary t o Austria.
Pizarro discovers the coast or Quito.
Salim I. defeats the Hungarians.
Mongol dynasty founded In India.
Tyndale's new Teotament publish ed.
1627 Germans captur e Rome.
.Papal war.
Ins urrection of 1\forlscoes suppressed, In
Spain.
Death of Machiavelli.
Birth of Camoens ; died 1579.
Sackvllle, ·earliest dramatist, born.
1528 Narvaez's expedition t o F lorida coast.
Constable Bourbon at Rome.
James v., of Scotland, reigns.
Birth of P. Veronese, painter; died 1588.
1529 Diet at Spiers, Germany.
Turks Invade Austria.
France and Spain sign treaty of peace at
Cambria.
Sir Thomas More, Chancellor.
1530 The Augsburg Confession published.
Persecution of Protestants begun In
France.
Fall and death or Cardinal Wolsey.
Reformation m akes great progress In
Switzerland.
Italy conquer ed by Charles V.
Russia makes peace with the Tartars.
1531 League of Smalkald formed by Protes' tant princes.
First E uropean Colony In South AmerIca.
San VIncente founded.
Royal printing press established In
France.
E lliot's 14 Governor" Issued.
Dea th of Zwingle; born 1484.
1532 France annexes Brittany.
Conq uest of Per u begins.
Calvin at Geneva.
1533 Ivan I. , Czar, noted for his cruelty.
Henry divorces Catherine, a nd marr ies
Anne Boleyn.
Birth of Montague ; died 1592.
'!'be Hotel de VIlle, Paris, founded . .
1534 The Anabaptist war ; they capture Munster.
Henry VIII. Is styled "Head of the
Church "; authority of the Pope of
Rome a bolished In the k ingdom.
Cnrtier's expedition t o the Gulf of the
St. Lawrence.
R ebellion of Flt7.gerald In Irela nd.
Foundation of J«•sult order.
Comegglo died ; horn 1493.
1536 Execution of Sir Thomas More, In England.
Cartier's second voyage, enters and
names the St. Lawrence, ascends the
river as rar as present s ite of Montreal.
Mendoza founds Buenos Ayres, and conquers adjacent country.
California s upposed to have been discovered by an expedition fitted out by
Cortez under Grijalva.
.Cromwell, vicar-general In England.
Suppression of monasteries In E ngland.
Coverdale's Blblo Issued.
Mendoza er ects tho firs t Mexican m int.
1536 Suppression of t he Anabaptists, and
death of John of J_,eyden.
Anne Boleyn beh eaded ; Henry marries
J ane Seymour.
The Portuguese granted Macao, China.
The Boulevards, Paris, commenced.
1637 English s uppression of the monasteries..
Death of Jane Seymour.
Pilgrimage of Grace.
1539 Adoption of the six articles, England.
Ft ~~e~~ltlon of Cromwell's Bible pub-_

1

' ' ranmer's Anglican Liturgy.
1540 Execution of Cromwell.
Greece subjected to t ho Ottoman :8m-

~~

Henry VIII. m arries Annie of Cleves,
January 6; divorced July 9; marrle£
Catherine Howard, August 8.
James v., of Scotland, dies.
Mar y proclaimed Queen or Scots; regency of Cardinal Beaton.
Birth or Gascoigne; died 1577.
Birth of Gilbert (magnetism); died 1603.
Ore llana sails down the Amazon to the
sea.

1541 Great Tartar Invasion or Russia repell ~d.
De Soto discovers the Mississippi River.
1542 Catherine Howard executed.
Henry VIII. takes the title or King of
Ireland.
Roberval's expedition to the St. La wr ence.
1543 Ivan Iy., the Terrible, reigns, at the a ge
, of fourteen.
Henry VHI. m a rries Catherine Parr.
D"ath of Copernicus; born 1473.
1644 Grl(:on I .eague Joins Swiss Confederacy.
Fran ~e ~tt war with England and .Spaln.
Engllbh Invasion of France under Henry
VIII.
Birth o! Tasso; died 1595.
Untve1·sity of Konigsberg rounded bY
Duke Albert.
1545 Ivan IV. crowned by- the Patriarch.
P ope Paul III. erects Parma a nd Placentlr. Into a Duchy.
Ascham "Toxopl!llus."
Council of Trent.
154~ Ueath of Martin Luther.
F rance concludes peace wit h England.
Assasslbation of Beaton, regent of Scotland.
1646-'52 Charles v .,,or Germany, m akes Wl\r
on the Protestants, who are assisted
later by Henry II.
1547 Earl of Surrey, England, executed.
Deat h of Henry VIII.
Edward VI. r eigns under protectorsh ip
or the Duke of Somerset.
Henry II. King of France.
Battle of Plnkey.
Death or Victoria Colonna; born 1490.
The Smalcadlc war.
ntrth of Cervantes; died 1616.
1548 Hall's Chronicle Issued.
1549 Execution of Lord Seymour, England ;
arrest of his brother, t he Duke of Somerset.
11j50 John Knox's Scotch reformation.
Udal, earliest English comedy.
Birth of Coke; died 1634.
1551 Wilson's Art of Rhetoric published.
1552 The Book or Common Prayer published
In England.
Duke or Somerset beheaded.
M.etz successfully defended by the .Duke
of Guise.
Close or religious war In Germany by
the Peace of Passan.
Massacre of Cazan, Russia.
Dlrth of Sir Walter Raleigh ; died 161~.
1553 Mary Tudor. daughter or Catherine or
Aragon, succeeds Edward, J uly G.
Lady Jane Gray proclaimed Queen of
England, July 10, but relinquishes the
title.
R estores the Roman Catholic religion In
England.
Trade between England a nd Russia begun by the "Russian C.ompany."
Ser vetus burnt by Calvin.
Birth of H ooker; died 1600.
Dlr th of Spenser; died 1599.
1654 L ady Jane Gray and Lord Gulltord Dud- I
loy beheaded.
Mary marr ies Phll!p of Spain.
Birth of Sir Philip Sydney; died 1586.
Persecution of Protestants In England.
Siberia discovered.
Wyatt's Insurrection suppressed !!' England.
1656 The English martyrs, Latimer, Ridley,
Rogers, a nd Cranmer burned at the
s ta ke.
Phll!p II. rules In Holland.
Religious peace of -Augsburg.
Bale's "King John" Issued.
1656 Charles, of Spain and Germany, retires
to a monastery.
Philip II. King or Spain.
Ferdinand, his brother, succeeds InGermany.
Reign of Akbar, the greatest sovereign
of Hlndoostan.
1657 Spain at war with France.
Battle of St. Quentin ; Philip gains a
decisive victory•
Alva takes Rome.
1558 Calais retaken by the French.
Mary, or Guise, In Scotland, marries the
Dauphine.
Elizabeth accedes to English throne, November 17.
Re-establish es t he Church of E ngla nd.
1559 Francis II. King or France.
Treaty of Cateau-Cambrerls signed.
William Cecil Secretary In England.
1560 Char les IX. King of France; regency of
Catherine de Medici.
The Geneva Bible Issued.
Birth of Southwell; died 1696.
Persecution of Protestants begun In
Spain.
1661 Birth of Bacon ; died 1626.
Mary Stuart r eigns In Scotland.
Religious wars In France.
1562 Massacre of Protes tants a t Vassy.
Huguenots defeated a t Dr eux by Guise.
R ussia and Sweden unite against Poland.
Port Royal, Carolinas, founded by Huguenots.
1563 Guise k!lled at the siege of Orleans.
Temporary p~ace with the H uguenots,
The Escurlal Palace of Spain rounded.
Tusser's Bucollcs Issued.
Birth of Drayton; died 1631.
1664 Maxlmlllian II. King of Germany,
F lorida colonized by Huguenots.
Birth of Shakespeare; died 1616;
Birth of Gallleo; died. 1640.
The Tullerles, Par is, begun.
1565 Phll!p establishes the I nquis ition In Holla nd.
Mary Queen of Scots marries Lord Darnley.
St. Augustine, F lorida, founded by Melendez.
.
"Guenx"
(beggars)
1566 Confederacy of
against Philip's cruelty.
Murder of Rizzlo, by Darnloy, March 9.
1567 Religious wars resum ed In France ;
Huguenots defeated at St. Denis.
Alva enters the Netherlands.
Assassina tion of Darnley, F eb. 10; Mary
accused of conn ivance.
Mary marries Broth well, May 15; abdicates In favor of her son.
James VI., Earl of Murray, regent.
1568 Mary escapes from prison, Is defeated
by Murray, at Langslde, May 13, and
seeks s helter In E ngland.
Bis hop' s Bible Issued.
1669 Huguenots defeated at Jarnac and Moucontour.
1670 Rebellion of Morlscoes, In Spain , o ut
down.
Ivan massacres 26,000 persons at Novgorod, Russia.
H ungary definitely annexed to Austria.
Murray murdered; Lennox becomes
r egent.
lli7l Birth of Kepler ; died 1630.
Spain allied with Venice and t he Pope
against the Tur ks.
Battle of Lepanto; Turkish power crippled.
Moscow, Russia, burned by t he Tartar s.
Lennox murdered; Mar becomes r egent.
'Ul'l2 Rebellion of William of Orange agains t
Phll!p's tyranny.
Massacre of St. Bartholomew, France,
August 24.
I
H enry of Navarre mar ries Marguerite,
of Valois.
Birth of Inigo Jones; died 1652.
.
'tG7t. Accession of Henry III., of France, t he
last
of
the
Valois.
I
Birth of Ben Jonson; died 1637.
11)75 Elizabeth , of E ngland, declines t he sovereignty or Holland . .
Birth of Guido Rent, painter; died 1642.
1676 Ghent pacifi ed.
Provinces In HoJia nd unite against
Spain.
Accession or Rudolph Tl .. of Germany.
Frobisher. enters San l;'ranclsco Bay.
T he H oly Catholic League organized.

I
I

COPYI' Ight, 1005, by Geo. A. Ogle & Co.

1616 The present Ts!ng Dynasty In China es1576 Birth or Burton; died 1640.
tablished by Mantchou Tartars.
Birth of Fletcher; died 1625.
Death of Cervantes and Shakespeare.
1577 Dlrth of Rubens, painter; died 1626.
Harvey discovers circulation of blood.
1617 Ladlslaus, of Poland, marches on Mos1579 League or Utrecht.
Northern provinces of Holland declare
cow.
their Independence.
Finland ceded to Sweden.
Fitzgera ld's Irish rebellion suppressed.
1618 The thirt y years' war begins In Bohemia,
Sir Francis Drake lands In the Moluccas.
between the Protestants, under the
1680 Alva, of Spain , conquers Port uga l; t he
Elector Palatine, and the Catholic Baunited provinces renounce their a llevarian League.
giance.
Sir Walter Raleigh executed.
E nglish take fortress or Smerwlck; In
Matthias II., of Hungary, abdicates; acI reland, from Italians, an·d butcher 700
cession of Ferdinand II.
prisoners.
'
Australian coast sur veyed by Zeachen
Birth of Alexander, of Sterling ; died
and others.
1640.
Kepler' s Laws published,
1681 Camplan's Jesuit conspiracy suppressed.
1619 Execution of Barneveldt, Holland.
1582 Sante Fe, New Melco, founded by E sThe Dutch visit India and establish a
pejo.
united East India Company.
1583 Birth of Hugo Grotius; died 1645.
1620 Battle of Prague ; defeat of H ungarlan
1584 W illia m of Orange assassinated.
Protestants.
Henry III. killed by Jacques Cle ment;
Puritans arrive at Plym outh.
accession of Henry IV. , of Navarre,
"~~~~~ Patent" to VIrginia com pany Isfirst of Bour bon line.
Expedition of Amidas and Barlow to
Dutch vessels with first negro s laves
America.
enter James River.
1585 Southern provinces "of Holland subdued I
Navar re annexed to France.
by the Duke of P arma.
·
1621 Spain and Holland at War.
Treaty or Peace between Holland a nd
Philip I V. King of Spain.
England.
The Dutch We.1t India Company formed.
Failure of Ral eigh's Roanoke I sland setLord Bacon Impeached and overthrown.
tlements.
1622 Seldon and Pym l·mprl~oned.
Davis Strait discovered by Davis.
Birth of Moliere; died 16'13.
1686 Battle of Zutphen.
1623 New Hampshire first settled.
Sir Philip Sydney killed_.
First edition of Shakespeare's works.
Birth or Beaumont; died 1616.
1624 Rw~:~~:~.s reforms, begins w ith t he
1587 Prince Maurice becomes Stadtholder or
Holland.
1
1
Execution of Mary Queen or Scots at
Hoi1625
F rotherlngay Castle.
1588 Assassination of the Duke or Guise and
Accession of Ferdinand III., of Hungary.
his brother, by order of the K ing.
Accession of King Charles I., of EngDestruction or t he Spanish Ar mada off
land; he marries Princess H enrietta
Marla, of France.
the English coast.
Huguenot uprising.
1590 Battle of Ivr y.
1626 Death of Lord Bacon.
Henry I V. defeats the League.
Ba rnevaldt, grand P ensionary of Hol 1627 War or the Mantuan succession, In Italy.
Delawa•·e settled by Swedes and Finns.
land.
1591 Birth of Herr ick ; died 1874.
Cardlnai Rlchelieu's schem e tor colonizIng Canada.
1692 Slglsmund, of Pola nd, In Sweden.
Bir th or Quarles; died 1644.
The company of one hundr ed associates
formed.
,
Birth of Gassendl; died 1655.
1593 Henry IV. adopts the Catholic faith.
War between England and France.
1694 Birth of Sh irley; died 166Q.
Birth of Brossnet; died 1704.
1596 Shakespeare's poems first Issued.
1628 The Duke or Buckingham ·assassinated.
1596 Capture or Cadiz by Essex.
Rochelle surrenders after a memorable
siege.
University of Barcellona founded.
P etition of Right, England.
Birth of Descartes; died 1650.
Massachusetts Bay settled.
1597 Bacon's essays published.
1698 Death 'o f P hilip II., of Spain.
Elliot sent to the Tower of London.
Philip III. King; he banishes 300,000
Birth of John Bunyan; died 1688.
Moors from Spain by A. D. 1610.
1629 English seize French possessions 1n CanThe Netherlands ceded to Austria.
ada.
•
Edict or Nantes In ravor of Protestanta,
Champlain made prisoner and sent t o
England.
,
by Henry IV. Irish r ebellion of O'Niel, or Tyr one; deCharter granted to Massachusetts Bay
Company.
fea t or the English at B lackwa ter.
Edict ot Restitution.
H enry IV. commissions De Ia Roche to
1630 The city of Boston founded.
conquer,Canada, In which he .fa ils.
Gustavus Adolphus, King ot. Sweden, InTho race of Rurlc, who had governed
vades Germany.
,
Russia tor 700 years, becomes extinct.
1631 Treaty of Cherasco, between Louis of
Bodleian founded.
France and VIctor Amadeus I., of Sa1699 Appenzel joins the Swiss Cantons.
voy.
Birth of Vandyck, painter ; died 1641.
Birth of Dryden; died 1700.
Birth of Velasquez, painter; died 1660.
1632 Charter of Maryland granted · to Lord
Baltimore, and settled by Ir ish Catholics.
Canada restored to the French by treaty
of St. Germain.
The Cavalier P oets.
Birth of Lock; died 1704.
1633 Champlain r eturns to Canada with new
settlers.
Battle of Lutz en i victory and deatli Clf
Gustavus Adolpnus.
1634 French Academy establlsl!.ed by Rlohelleu.
Maurice,
of
Holland,
Invades
Flanders.
1600
Spain at war with France, which Is InThe Dutch East India Company cha rvaded.
terod wltb a capital of $360,000.
Assass!na,j.!on of Wallenstein'
Chauvin's trading voyages t o Tadoussac,
Ship m oney levied In England.
Canada.
1635 Connecticut settlements at H a rtford,
Birth of t he painter, Rembrandt; died
Windsor and Weathersfleld.
Rogers Williams driven from MassachuBt;t~; . of Claude Lorraine, painter; died
setts, settles In Rhode Island.
168~.
Death of Champlain.
Portuguese Introduce tobacco Into InThe "Tulip m ania" prevails In Holland.
1636 Unl verslty of Utrecht founded.
1601" E~!~utlon ot the E a rl of Essex, FebruClalus' play of Creation .
ary 25.
1637
Peq uod Indian war In Connecticut.
Alleged discovery of Australia by PortuGov. De Montmagny arrives In Canada.
The
Island of Montrea l settled.
1602 SI~~:se~r Geneva, Switzerland; Charles
Hampden's trial In England r especting
of Savoy defeated.
uship money."
Champlain's first expedition to the St.
Prynne fined by Star Chamber.
Harvard College founded.
1603 D~~hr~~cQueen Elizabeth ; accession of
First settlement a t Brooklyn, Long
James IV., of Scotlaud, t o English
Island.
Crown, as James I.
1638 New Haven colony founded.
Union or England and Scotland, March 4.
First
peace between the Iroquois and
1604 First set tlements In Nova Scotia by
Canada.
Acadl ans.
Turks
defeat Persians, and take Bagdad.
P ort Royal, on Bay of Fundy, rounded.
Solemn League and Covenant between ·
Ham pton Court Conference.
England
and Scotland.
1605 Discover y of t he Gunpowder Plot to blow
1639 Van Tromp, of H olland, captures two
up Parliament.
Spanish
fleets.
1606 Great fire In Constantinople.
Pacification of Dunse.
Matins at Moscow.
·
Withdrawal of Engl!sh army from ScotDemetrius, a pretended son ot Ivan, and
land.
many Poles massacred.
·
First printing press In America.
Liberty of worship given to Protestants,
Birth of Racine; died 1699.
In Austria, by peace of Vienna.
1640 John of Braganza drives Spaniards from
Australia observed by the Dutch.
Portugal.
Silk and other manufactures Introduced
Portugal wins Its Independence.
Beginning
of t he Long Parliament.
M~~\~!"~~~;~· to t he Emperor of Austria.
First American book Issued.
Bir th of Cornellle; died 1684.
1641 Earl of Stafford beheaded.
1607 Settlement of Jamestown, Va., by Lord
Judgment against Hampden annulled.
de la v ~·;..:-:Ulster rebellion 1n Ireland: mass acre of
Quebec
founded
o,
':'ho.mplajn.
1608
Engl!sh.
John Slglsmund cr eat ed E J~ctor of BranFor t St. George built at Madras.
denburg and Duke of Prussia.
1642
Death
of Gal!leo and Rlchelleu.
Ulster settlements made by the English.
Charles I. attempts to seize members In
Birth of John Milton; died 1674.
the
H
ouse.
1609 Truce of An twerp; Independence of
C~vll war In England.
united provinces of Holland.
Battle
of
Edgeh!ll, Oct. 23.
Morlscoes expelled from Spain by Philip
Tasman coasts, South Australia and Van
1
D!emans
Land explor ed.
T~~ 'Douay Bible first Issued.
Hohb's L eviathan published.
Peace between Spain and the Dutch .
Birth
of
Newton;
died 1727.
Henry Hudson discovers Hudson River.
First ferry between New York and
Champlain's discoveries In Canada.
Brooklyn
established.
VIrginia obtains a new charter.
1648 Accession of L ouis XIV., the Great, In
Hawkins at Mogul Court.
F rance.
K ing James drives t he Irish from Ul·
Regency of Anne of Austria, and ascend·
ster and divides t he land between Engency
of Mazarln.
land and Scotland.
Battle of Chalgrove, June 18, and New·
1610 "King James' Version" of the Bible
bury, Sept. 20.
completed.
Covenant approved by Parliament.
Henry IV. of F rance assassinated ; Marie
Turrene on the Rhine.
de Medici Regent.
Torr lcelll's Barometer.
Louis XIII. King of France.
1644
Battle of Marston Moor ; victory of
The Palals-Royal. Paris, built.
Cromwell.
1611 The title or Baronet cr eated by James I.
battle or Newbury, Oct. 27.
Second
Champlain returns to Amer ica, founds
Charter granted to Rhode Island.
Montreal, and Is In s upreme command
Indian
massacre
In VIrginia.
In Canada.
"
,
Self-denying ordinance, England.
Issue ot the English Bible, King James
Birth
of
William
Penn; died 1718.
vers ion."
1646 Archhlshop Land beheaded, Jan. 10.
Carr, afterwards Somerset, favorite In
Battle
of
Naseby,
June 14 ; decisive deEnc:land.
feat of royalists.
1612 Mathias becomes Emperor or Germany.
Battle
of
Phlllphaugh;
Montrose defeatEnglish facto ries established In India.
ed by Cromwell.
VIrginia receives a third charter.
Alexis,
called
the
Father
of his country,
Death of Prince Henry.
Czar of Russia.
1613 Accession of the Romano!'!' Dynasty In
Royal
Society
of
England
rounded.
Russia.
1646 Charles I. seeks refuge In Scotland, and
"Michael Fedorvoitz Czar.
Is
surrendered
to
the
Parliament.
Champlain explores the Ottawa River,
Birth of Le!bnltz ; died 1716.
1647 Conversion or Indians In Canada t o Chris·r~~n~~!rbury murder . England.
tianity.
Louis XIII. assumes the exercise of t he
1648 Treaty or Westphalia.
p~~~:~~~~rz~'beth, of England, marries
Switzerland's \udependence acknowlFrederic. E lector of Palatine.
edged.
Holland, given up by Spain, becomes a
1614 English defeat Portuguese In Bombay.
republ!c.
New Ams terdam, now New York, built
End of t he thirty years' war between
by t he Dutch.
Catholics and Protestants.
Smith explore3 the New England coast.
Pomerania, and other territory, annexed
Dutc h settlements In New Jersey.
(
to Prussia.
Napier's Logarit hms.
Civil wars of the Froude. (
Vllller's,
Duke
of
Buckingham,
favorite.
1615
A. D.

~t~~~~~ceg~~:~e~ ~~~r;' ~~~~g: ~n

Modern History.

SUPPLEMENT XIV

.ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HISTORY.
~================~================~==============~==~==~=========7======~====~===

r

1648 Canadians at war with t~ Indians.
'rhe House of Brandenburg acquire Halberstadt and :~l·ind e n.
New Amsterdam contains about 1,000 Inhabitants.
1649 Trial and executirm of Charles I.
Massacre and capture of Drogheda, Ireland, by Cromwell.
Confession of Fai th.
.
_1650 Marquis of ~rontrose beheaded In Scotland.
1651 Leopold I. made King or Hungary,
Charles 11. crowned at Scone, Scotland,
Jan. 1.
Battle of Worcester, Sept. 3, and defeat
of royalists.
Chat·les II. !lees to France.
••Ba.rebones' ' ParJia roent.
Birth of F enelon; died 1715.
English NaYiga tion Act.
1652 England a t wa r wit h Holland.
The Dutch , under Van Tromp, "sweep
the Channel."
De Ruyter defeated by Blake.
Negro
insurrection suppressed In Mex1653
ico.
Peace between England and Holland.
Death of Van Tromp.
Long Parliament dissolved by Cromwell,
April 20. He becomes Lord Protector,
Dec. 16.
1654 Jesuits establish themselves among the
Onondaga Iroquois.
Russian victories in Poland.
1655 Spain and England at war, which lasts
'five years.
1656 Russian Truce of Nlemetz, or Wilma,
with Poland.
Prussia declared independent of Poland.
Frederic William, the Great E lector.
Jamaica conquered.
1657 Convention gives Cromwell power to appoint his successor.
Death of Admiral .Blake.
1658 Accession of Leopold I. In Germany.
Death of Oliver Cr omwell; Richard
Cromwell, his son, succeeds him.
1659 Auto de fa , of the Inquisition, Mexico.
Richard Cromwell resigns title of Lord
Protector.
.
Peace of the Pyt·enees.
1660 The restoration.
Charles II. returns to England; the monarchy re-established.
Birth of Stahl; died 1734.
1661 Death of Mazarin.
Colbert, Minister of Finance, In France.
l~xecution ot the Marquis of Argyle, in
Scotland.
Birth of De Foe; died 1731.
The Royal Palace nt V crsaillcs commenced;
court opened there in 1672.
166'4 'l'erriblc earthquake in Pekin; 300,000 lives
lost.
Act of Uniformity, Mny 19.
The Chmch of Engl and restored.
Charles marries Catherine of Braganza, May
1663 c~~ada becomes a royal g·over.nment under Louis XIV.
Earttiquake In Canada.
Birth of Cotton Mather; died 1728.
1664 France begins wat· with Holland.
New Jersey sold to Lord Berlceley; set·
tied at Ellzabetlltown.
The English take New Amsterdam and
name It New York.
North Carolina settled.
De Courcelles governor In Canada.
war with the Mohawks.
1665 Second Dutch war with England.
Death of Philip II.; regency of Anne.
The Great Plague In London.
Western AU$tralla named New Holland,
by Dutch.
Canada granted to French West India
Company~

1666 De Ruyter defeated by ' Monk.
Mohawk villages destroyed by the
French.
Great fire In London.
The French Academy of Sciences founded.
1667 Perpetual edict aboljshes ofllce of stadt·
holder in Holland.
First Russian Yessel bu!lt.
Bir-th of Swift; died 1745.
New York City; 384 houses.
1668 Triple Alliance, England, Holland and
Sweden united against France.
Treaty of Lisbon.
Spain recognizes Portugal's Independence.
Russian ambassadors sent to France and
Spain.
1670 France and Sweden break the tripl e
Alliance, and declare war against Hol-

Fl:S~d.settlements of Engl!sh In South
Carolina.
,
Champs Elysees, Paris, planted:
Birth
of
Steele;
died 1729.
1671
1672 Coude and T urenne overrun Holland.
Perpetual edict of 1GG7 reYoked.
William of Orange, stadtholder.
•
The De Witts a ssassinated in Holland.
The Holla nd dil<es opened, and French
driven out.
The l'rcnch acquire Pondicherry, India.
Count de Frontenac, Governor of Canada.
Paris Academy of Music founded.
Birth of Addison; died 1719.
1673 Virginia granted to Arlington and Cul1674

,/

Dfs~~~'!~i.es of Marquette and J ollet In
Det~r, ~rrn~.n;~et .John Milton.

Discovery of the ).[ississippi.
1675 King Philip's war in New England, ·
Birth of Clarke ; died 1729.
1677 'Vj)liam of Ontngc marries Mary.
"Paradise Lost" first published.
1678 Russia begins war with the Turks.
Peace of Nilneguen, France
England ala rmed by Titus Oates, stories
of a fa lsi! "Popish plot."
Sir Edward Berry Godfrey found murdered.
Exp~dition ot La Salle.
Bunyan's "Pilgrim Progress" published.
Blrth ·of Bollnbroke; died 1751.
J.tlll9 Habeas Corpus Act passes parliament.
Archbishop Sharpe murdered by covenanters, who defeat Cloverhouse at
London Hill, but are routed at Bothwell Bridge.
j)80 East India Company begins trading In

1681

1682
1683

1634

1685

E~e~'ii't~on of Lord Stafford, Dec. 29.
Mississippi river explored by Hennepin.
Charleston, South Carolina, founded.
The Exclusion Bill, England.
Origin of the Whig and Tory.
Mahratta power begins In .India.
La Salle sails down the Mississippi, and
names Louislatla.
De Frontenac recalled from Canada.
Reign of Ivan and Peter I., the Great,
In Russia.
Murder of La Salle, In Louisiana.
The Cossacks subdued by Russia.
WU!am Penn settles "in Pennsylvania. ,
Deh\ware granted to Penn.
Sobl•skl, of Poland, raises the siege of
Vienna.
Disco •ery of Rye House plot, to secure
succ.1ss!on for Duke of Monmouth.
E xecutlon of Lord Russell, July 21, B.nd
Algemon Sydney, Dec. 7.
Canada renews war with the Iroquois.
Mahome:·. I. besieges Vienna, but falls.
Greece il'vaded by the Venetians.
Birth of Berkeley; died 1753.
Revocation of Edict of Nantes; terrible
persecutions of French and Protestants
follow.
Accession· of James II. of England.
Argy1e's rebellion suppressed, · and his
execution.
Duke of Monmouth, natural son of
Charles II., lands at Lyme, J une 11;
p.rocla!med king at Taunton, June 20.

1685 Battle of Segemoor, July 6; defeat and
1709 Battle of Malplaquet; Marlborough again !!
execution of Monmouth.
defeats the French.
Texas colonized by Spaniards.
Birth of Sam uel Johnson; died 1784.
Birth of Handel; died 1759.
1710 Capture of Fort Royal, Nova Scotia, by
Bir th of Bach; died 1750.
the English, and name changed to An1686 William Dampier la nds In Australia.
napolis.
...
Louis marries 1\iadame de Maintenon.
Rout of Spaniards, under Philip v ., <J.t
Alliance between Russia and Poland
battle ot Ahnenava.
a gains t the 'l' ur lts.
Sacheverell's 1:lots In Great Britain; disBirth of Allan Ramsay; died 1757.
senting meeting houses destroyed.
Birth or Young; died 1765.
The "Tattler" first published.
16S7 Athens ca])tured by the Venetians.
1711 Attack and repulse of Engl!sh fleet on
Hungarian crown declared to be In the
Quebec.
Austrian ma le line.
Russia at war with Turkey.
Accession of Jos eph I .
Accession of Charles VI., of Germany.
Madam Guyon, and the " Quietists," perA slave market opened in W~.U Street,
s ecuted.
New York.
1688 Trial. and acq ul ttal of the seven bishops,
Birth of Hume; died 1776.
June 30.
1712 The principality of Meurs acquired by
Abdication and flight of James II., Dec.
Prussia.
23.
Peace of Aargau; end of the religious war
Landing or the Prince of Orange on
In Switzerland.
English soil.
Accession of Charles as E mperor of
Bonsset's Variations Issued.
Austria.·
Birth of Pope ; died 1744.
Bi.'th of Rosseau; died 1779.
1689 William and Mary proclaimed King and
1713 Tre!lty of Utrecht between the great
Queen, F eb. 13.
po "'ei's, and terminate~ \.a<' wars of
James II. lands in Ireland.
Quoen Anne.
Peter the Great, s ole sovereign In Russia.
Newfo•mdland and Novt.. scotia ceded to
CloYerhouse's r ebeillon In Scotland supEngla.'ld.
pressed.
Italy divided; a part of the Duchy of
King William's war.
Milan gwen· to the Emperor of Austria.
French and Indians ravage New England
Barcelona, Spain, besieged.
frontier.
Frederick William I. becomes King of
Canadian cxpedi tion falls.
Prussia.
The •roterat!on Act passes" Parliament.
Peter takes t:te title of Emperor of RusIroquois Jay waste the Island of Monsia.
treal.
Birth of Sterne; died 1768.
Frontenac again made Governor of Can·
1714 Death of Queen Anne.
ada.
George I. becomes King Of Englabd,
France at war with England.
Aug. 1.
Birth of Montesquleu; died 1755.
Hanovarlan succession begins.
1690 French and Indians destroy Schenectady,
Treaty of Rastadt; Austria acqUires the
New York.
N"therlands.
Massacre o! Salmon Fails.
Birth of Whitefield; died 177(),
Siege of Londonderry.
Birth of Gluck; died 17!n.
British- colonies in America resolve to
1715 Rebellion In Scotland under the Earl of
invade Canada.
Mar.
Unsuccessful attack made on Quebec by
Battles of Preston and Sherlffmulr and
the Brit ish fleet.
defeat of the rebels.
Spain joins the "Grand All!ance" against
Landing of the Chev!ller at Peterhead,
l.<'mnce.
December 22.
William III. lands In Ireland, June 10.
Louis XV., King of France, with the
Battle or the Boyne, July 1; James deDuke of Orlean!~ Regent.
feated.
Austria acquires Naples, Milan, etc.
1691 French inYasion of Spain.
Russia adds Esthonia, Levonla, and a
Aragon and Catalonia ravaged.
large part of Finland to the Empire.
Treaty or Llmericlc deprives James of
Peter visits Germany, Holland and
power in Ireland, and grants amnesty
France.
to rebels.
Occupation of the Morea by Turkey.
1692 Ilcglnning of the English national debt.
Rl1le of Cardinal Alberonl In Spain.
Insul'l'ection in the City of Mexico.
f.russla &:~d Sweden at wro·.
•
)\nssacre of Glencoe.
Death .of Louis the Great; nccesston of
Battles In Stcinkirk and Landen.
Louis xv.; his grandson.
I;lirth of Ilradley'; died 1762.
1716 Great era of speculation.
1693 Battle of Marsaglia; the Duke of Savoy
George Law's financial schemes.
The village charter of Brooklyn first i ssued.
1694 Bg~)~atg~ ~hgl~~d FJ"it~'il\is\'i~~~r Catinat.
Mary, Queen of England, dies.
The Septennial Blll passed ·In England.
Dictionary of French Academy Issued.
Birth or Garrick, actor; died 1779.
University or Halle founded.
1717 New Orleans fol:.nded.
Birth of Bishop Butler; died 1752.
Belgrade abandoned by Turkey.
Birth of Voltaire; died 1778.
1718 The Duke of Savoy becom es King of
Birth of Chesterfield; died 1773.
S!ll"dinia.
1695 Turks again inYade Hungary.
Peace of Passavowltz.
Bayle's Dictionary published.
Austria gains .additional territory.
Abolition of censorship of the , English
Russia expels the J esults.
press.
Turkey re-establiShes supremacy· in
Namur falls.
Greece.
·
. 1696 Trinity Church, New York, founded.
Arch of St. Dents,- Paris, completed.
1697. Peace of Ryswick.
1719 Battle of Glenshlel.
Treaty between Eng:land, France, Spain
Ostend East India Company founded.
and Hoiland.
Mohammed Shah ascends the throne of
Peter, Czar of Russia, visits Holland and
India .
England, and Iea~;11s useful trades.
Robinson Crusoe published.
Peter suppresses the conspiracy of the
Sardinia
Is made a kingdom.
1720
Strelitz, and punishes its members with
Law's Mississippi South Sea Bubble, and
barbarous cruelty.
other schemes, collapse.
End or King William's war.
Widespread financial distress.
Birth of Hogarth, painter; died 1774.
1721 Birth of Smollet; died 1771.
1698 Death of Frontenac.
Birth of Foote, actor; died 1777.
First Partition treaty, regulates Spanish
1722 The Pragmattc Sanction settles the Im succession, and cedes territory to
perial Crown of Ger many on Maria
France.
The Darien expedition sa!ls.
Dia~r~~athe Duke of ~1arlborough.
Second East India Company formed.
1723 The Jesuits expelled from China.
Birth or Savage; died 1743.
Birth of Reynolds, painter; died 1792.
Birth of Warburton; died 1779.
Birth of Adam Smith; died 1790.
1699 Peace of Cariowltz, between Turks and
Birth of Blackstone, jurist; died 1780.
the All!es.
1724 Philip v., of Spain, abdicates, but reThe Morea ceded to Venice.
sumes power upon the death of Louis,
Further explorations of the Mississippi.
his son.
Fenelon's "Telemaque" Issued.
"Wood's half-pence."
Great
excitement In Irel and.
,
1700 The French In Canada make peace with
Modern History at Oxford University.
the Iroquois.
Guy's
Hospital
founded.
Second Partition treaty In Spain, declares .
the Arch Duke Char.Jes next In suc1725 Death of Petar the Great.
Catherine I. becomes Empress of Russia.
cession.
The New York Gazette rounded.
Charles II. of Spain, the last of the
Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, esHouse of Austria, dies, and Is succeeded by Philip V., of the House of
1726 p;::-~!~~h~~ncludes a league wit h Ger Bourbon.
170i War of the Spanish succession begins In
B~t'tn~f Hutton; died 1797.
Italy and continues until 1713.
1727 Death of George I., and accession ef
Death of James II., In exile, at St. GerGeorge II., In England, June 11.
main. Sept. 16.
Death of Sir Isaac Newton.
Spain allied with France and Mantua.
Birth
of Goldsmith; died 1774.
1728
The French found Detroit.
1729 A city library founded In New York;
The Prussian monarchy established by
Birth
of
Lessing; died 1781.
Frederi<:k, and recognized by Leopold,
1730 Peter II., the last · of the Romanotts,
of Germany ..
Russia at war with Sweden.
~~~o~~chess of Courland and daughter
'.('otal defeat of Peter at the battle of
of Ivan IV., becomes Empress of Rus·
Narva, ·by Charles XII.
Census of New York gave 6,000 lnhab!tBf;~h of J. Wat;; died 1819.
1702 D.fa~ts·of William III. of England.
1781 Btrth of Cavendish; died 181().
Blrtb of Cowoer: died 1800.
Anne succeeds to , the English throne,
1732 Birth of George Washington, Feby. 22.
M>trch 8.
Georgia
settled by Oglethorpe.
1732
Beginning of "Quee11 Anne's War."
Birth of Wieland ; died 1813.
Pru;sia tukes Guel<lers ft·om the Dutch.
"Lettres
Philosophiques" burnt by the
Holland, ,\ nstrht and England declare war . 1734
with France and Spain.
ilaJ!gman.
~lrth
of
Priestly;
died 1804.
Treaty of French with the Five Nations.
1785 Charles the son of Philip v., oonquePs
Massachusetts frontier ravaged by InNa.pleS and crowned king of the t wo
dians.
8
1703 Peter founds St. Petersburgh, and makes
Bi~l~~~~
John Adams; died 1826.
It the capital of the empire.
1736 Marriage of Marla Theresa to Francis I.,
Portugal joins alllance against Spain and
Duke
of
Lorraine.
France.
War between Spain and Portugal.
Irish parliament petitions for union.
Birth
of
i~ozart, musician; died 1792.
Birth of Jonathan Edwards; died 1758.
1737 Hungary again at war with the Turks.
. Birth of John Wesley; died 1794.
Birth of <Hbbon, historian; died 17~4.
1704 Battle or Dlenheim; English and their
1738 Birth of Benjamin West , painter, died
all!es, under Marlborough, victorious
over the French.
Bl;_st~· of Sir William Herschel ; died 1822.
The English capture Gibraltar.
1789 England again declares war with Spain.
Peter abolishes the Strelltz, or royal
Treaty of Belgrade between Russia, Ausbody guard.
tria and Turkey.
England passes the Irish "Popery Act."
Russia renounces her rights on the Black
Battle of Donanwerth.
1705 Charles acknowledged King of Spain a t
In~:ion of India by Persia.
Barcelona.
Delhi sacked by Nadir Shah.
Joseph I. becomes Emperor of Germany.
Methodism. begins in England.
Prohibition of the publication of De1706 Defeat of the J'rench at Ramllles.
Battle of Turin.
.
bates In England.
The French raise the siege and surrender
174() Death of the Emperor, Charles VI ., of
Germany, last of the male line of the
Naples and Lombardy.
~lrth of Ben Franklin; died 1790.
House of Hapsburg.
Marla
Theresa, his daughter, becomes
1'iW Union of England and Scotl~tnd as the
Q)leen of Hungary and Empress of GerKingdom of Great Britain.
Nuenburg seized and Lecklenburg purF~~~Jick the Great, King of Prussia.
chased by Frederick I.
Prussia advanced to lhe rank of a firstHolland, Germany and England at war
class power.
·
against France.
Ivan VI., an lnfantLemperor of Russia.
First expedition against Port Royal,
New York Society !brary founded.
Nova. Scotia, falls.
Swedenborg fiourlshes.
Defeat of the allies at Almauz.e.
Death of Aurungzebe.
1741 Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony and France
Birth of Fielding; died 1754.
make war upon Marla Theresa, who
Birth of Buffon; died 1788.
receives support from Great Britain.
Prusslan victory at Molwltz.
1708 Mantua ceded to Joseph I., of Au stria.
Breslau ceded to Prussia.
The French squadron routed by the
Elizabeth, daughter of Peter the Gr eat,
English, under Admiral Byng.
Imprisons Ivan VI. for life and reigns
Discovery of Herculaneum.
In his stead.
1709 England determines upon the conquest
Russia at war with Sweden.
of Canada.
·
Battle of Pultowa; Peter totally defeats
The
Elector of Bavaria elected Emper or
17:42
.Charles XII., of Sweden, who tiles t o
of Germany as Charles VII.
.
Turkey.
'.('he
French defeated at Dettingn by the
1743
14,000 clwedlsh prisoners sent by Peter to
English.
colonize Siberia.
Birth of Thomas JeffeJ;:SOn; died 1826.

Copytight, J005. by Geo. A. OJ:Ie & C o.

1'1'\4 Hostilities ranewed In America between

France and England, ~tnowu as King
George's War.
Friesland annexed to Prussia.
L745 Capture of Louisburg by Massachusetts
militia, under Pepperell.
Francis I., Duke or Lorraine, consort of
Marla Theresa, e!ec1.~~ "l':mperor of Germany.
The young pretender lands at 1\Ioldart,
Scotland.
Defeat of the Royalists at l"reston Pans,
Jan. 17, and Invasion of Ent·land.
Birth of Hannah More; died --.
Bir th of John Jay; died 1829.
Birth of Benjamin Rush; died 1813.
17~6 Royalists again defeated at l!'alklrk, Jan.

17.

1763 Cl ose of the Seven Years' W&.T.
Treaty of H ubertsburg; Sllesia added to
Prussia.
Treaty of Madrid resto~es peace between Spain, Portugal and England.
.John Wilkes arrest.ed for sedition.
Explorations of Willis and Carteret In
Australia.
Great defeat of native princes, at battle
ot Buxar, India, Oct. 23.
Pontiac's war; Indians capture English
forts and massacre Inhabitants.
The Sandy Hook lighthouse first lighted.
G. Granville, English Prime Minister.
Birth of J . Paul Richter; died 1825.
1764 Murder of Ivan VI., by order of the Empress.
Indians sue for peace.
End of Pontiac's war.
British parliament decrees heavy du ties
on Imports.
The Pantheon, St. Genevieve, Paris,
founded.

Total defeat of the Pretender, at Culloden, April 16.
Victories of Marshal Saxe.
Invasion of Shirley, Nova Scotia.
F rench and English struggle for possession of India.
Capture of Madras by the French.
174? The French Invade F landers. ·
Stadtholdershlp revived In Holland.
Execution of Lord Lovat in England.
Klopstock's Messiah issued.
Birth of David, painter; d ied 1825.
1748 'l'he Peace of Alx Ia Chapelle.
Tltf' House of Austria confirmed In the
possession of Milan,
France takes a part of F landers,
1749 De La ~rouquille becomes goYernor of
Canada.
French encroac),l upon Nova Scotia,
From A. D. 1765 to the present tllJle, by
Birth of Goethe; d ied 1832.
Countries.
Birth of Laplace; died 1827.
Birth of Playfair; j:lled - .
1750 Treaty of Madrid, between England and
Spain.
The first theater In New Yorlc opened.
Discovery of Pompeii.
Paoli's Corsican reYolt, 1819.
1793 Reception of the English Embassy at
1751 Lord Clive takes Arcot, India.
Pekin.
Dlderot and D Alembert French Ency1812 Edict against Christianity because of
clopedie.
Jesuits.
,
Birth of Sheridan; died 1817.
1816 Failure or Lord Ambert's Embassy.
Birth of James Madison; died 1836.
1832 Kingdom of Korea established.
1752 The Marquis Duquesne Governor of Can1834 Opium trade prohibited.
ada; he prepares for war with Great
1839 Opium seized, causing trou ble with
Britain and her colonies.
.
British.
The French dispute the claim of Virglnia
Chinese outrages in Canton.
to the valley of the Ohio.
Hong Kong captured.
New style of year Introduced Into EngNaval battles.
land; Sept. 3 counted as Sept. 14.
1840 Trade with E ng land forbidden by the
The Journals ordered to be printed by
Emperor.
the British Parliament.
Canton and coast blockaded.
1753 Hostilities begin in the American coloWar ends In a truce.
nies; French seize Hudsop. Bay Com1841 War 1·enewed owing to China's bad faith.
pany's trading posts; George WashingVictory of the British ..
ton sent to St. Pierre. ,
Treaty giving England Hong Kong and
Charles Ill. King of Spain:
$6,000,000, repudlaterl '>y Emperor.
1754 Kentucky settled by Daniel Boone.
1842 Treaty of peace, at Na..,~!n, with Eng-Peace between France and . England in
land, August 29.
India.
Hong Kong ceded to England.
Fort N ecesslty built at Great Meadows;
The Chinese cities of Canton, Amoy,
Washington surrenders It to De VllFoochoofoo, Ningpo and Shanghae
llere with honors of war.
opened to British.
Kings, now Columbia, College, New
China pays $21,000,000.
York, chartered.
1843 Treaty ratified by Queen Victoria and
1755 Braddock and his army defeated by the
t he Emperor Taou-Kwang.
F r ench and lndlans.
Hong Kong charter Issued, April 5.
Defeat of Dieskau at Lake George.
1850 Rebellion In Quang-SI successful.
French Acad!ans taken from their homes.
1853 Nankin and Shanghae taken by rebels.
Frontier settlements In New York and
1856 Renewal of war owing to Chll\eSe outPennsy!Yan!a harassed by the French
rages on Europeans.
and Indians.
Commodore Elliott, u. s. N., destroys
Niagara expedition falls•
Chinese fleet.
Lisbon destroyed by an earthquake.
1857 Blocltade of Canton.
Birth of Dr. Hahnemann; died 1843.
1858 Capture of Canton by English and
Birth of Mrs. Siddons, actress; died 1831.
French.
1766 War declared between France and Eng•
Treaty of Lord E lgin.
land.
Chinese pirates destroyed.
Beginning of the Seven Years' War.
1859 Commercial treaty with United States.
Austria, Russia and France allied against
English Envoy attacked by Chinese.
Prussia.
1860 England and France at war with China.
Frederick inv.ades Saxony and captures
European Allies victorious.
Saxon army.
Treaty of peace signed October 24.
Montcalm sent to Canada and seizes OsSurrender of Pekin, Oct. 12.
wego, New York.
Ratification of treaty with Russia.
The conquest of India begun by Great
China forced t o pay ludell' 'lity, and to
Britain.
apologize.
Admiral Byng executed, March 14.
Former treaty rat lfted.
Dowlah, Viceroy of Bengal, captures Cal·
1861 Allies restore Canton to th"' Chinese.
cutta after a heroic defense by Holwell.
Rebels defeated by French and English
The Black Hole tragedy, June 20.
ald.
1757 Fort William Henry, on Lake George,
1864 Suicide of Tlen-wang, the rebel emperor.
captured by Montcalm.
1865 Prince Kung becomes regent during
Lord Clive's vict ories In India; takes
minority of emper or.
Calcutta, January 2; Chanderuagore,
1868 Burlingame Embassy visit United States
March 23.
and sign treaty,
Battle of Plassey, June 23, establishes
1869 Burlingame, Chinese Embassy, receiYed
English power In India.
at Paris.
Battle or the Prague, May 6, victory of
1870 French consul and many priests masFrederick.
sacred at Tien-tsin.
Frederick defeated In the battle of Ko1871 Chinese apologize and give indemnities.
lin, May 18.
Marriage of Emperor.
·
Defeat of Prusslans at Battle of Breslau.
1873 KI-Tslang of age ; becomes Emperor as
Austria concludes treaty with France for
Tung-chi, Jan. 22.
dl vision of Prussia.
1875 Death of the Emperor, Tung-Chi, Jan.
VIctory of F r ederick In the battles of
22; accession of Tsai-Tien, born 1871,
Rosbach, Nov. 5, and Lissa, Dec. 5.
son of Prince Chan.
Attwnpted assassination of King Louis
First Chlnesu railway from Shanghae to
of France by Damlens.
Woosung opened.
,
Birth of Jonathan Trumbull; d ied 1804.
1877 Terrible famine throughout the Empire.
Birth of Alexander Hamilton; died 1804.
Edict forbidding opium smoldng.
Birth of J. P. Kemble, actor; died 1823.
1880 Serious troubles with R ussia.
Birth of Canova, sculptor; died 1822.
1881 Treaty of Peace conclude<! with Russi~>.
1768 Louisburg captured by the English, un1883 Sacking of European quarter in Canton.
der Wolfe.
.
1884 .:rreaty ·Of peace with France, May ll.
Cape Bret on Island and Prince Edward's
The Imperial G9vernment sanction the
Island captured.
Introduction of railways, June 20.
Abercrombie de.f eated by Montca!m, at
The Chinese Government declare war
Ticonderoga.
"
against France, Aug. 15.
Fort Frontenac .capitulates to Bradstreet;
French destroy Klnpai Forts at FooFort George huut.
.
chow, Aug. 28.
Gcncrnl Forbes captures Fort Duquesne
Repulse of the French at Tamsul.
ft'Olll the French.
French admiral declares a ll tire ForPrussians defea ted nt the Battle of Hochmosan ports to be blockaded.
kerchau.
Insurrection in Korea .
The French seize Forts St. David and
Assassination of the King's son, Dec. 4.
Ascot, India.
Bhamo, Korea, captured by the Chinese,
1759 Fort Niagara captured by the British,
Dec. 8.
July 23.
1885 L angson, In Cochln China, captured bY
The Freneh abandon Ticonderoga and
the
French, Feb. 12; evacuated March
Crown Point.
Battle of the Plains of Abraham.
P::ce concluded with France, April 6;
Death of the French and English comsigned at Tien-tsin, June 9.
manders, Montcalm and Wolfe, Sept. 13.
1885 Admiralty Board created, Dec. 15.
Quebec surrenders t o the English.
1888 Marriage of the Emperor, Feb. 25.
Charles III., King of the two Slcllles,
1890 British Consulate at Ching-Kung-Foo
becomes King of Spain.
wrecked, Feb. 6.
The Prussians defeated in .the battles of
1891
Floods and famine In the Northern DisMlnders, Cunersdorf and Maxen.
tricts,
April.
The French driven back In India.
. 1894-5 War with Japan and continued def<lats
England obtains much territory from
.
of
the
Chinese
armies and navies.
Suba:dhar, of Deccan.
1895 Peace concluded with Japan, China payBirth of Robert Burns; died 1796.
Ing
a
large
indemnity
and relinquishBirth of Schiller; died 1805.
Ing her claims on Corea.
1760 Quebec attacked by the French under·
Massacre
of
missionaries
In the inter ior.
De Levi.
1~00 HBoxer" upris ing in China.
Montreal captured by the English.
iOOl
Chinese
governme
nt
agrees
to terms de·
Surrender of Canada to Great -Britain.
mande<l by the powers.
Death of George II. , of England, and succession of George III., Oct. 25.
Berlin captured by the Austrians and
Russians.
Battle of Torgan; defeat of the Austrians.
Thurot's Invasion of I reland.
Coote retakes Arcot, India.
1761 George Iii. marries Charlotte Sophia, of
Mecklenburg, Strelitz.
The French surrender Pondlcherry, In
1675 Nabob of Oudh becomes tributary to
India.
British.
1762 Revolution at St. .Petersburg.
East India Company made receiver of
Peter HI. murdered, and Catherine II..
Bengal, Bahar and Orissa.
called the Great, becomes Empress of
1766 Treaty with Nlzam of the Deccan.
1767
Allia
nce of N!zam and Hyder All; whn
Russia.
Spain again declares war against Enga ttack the British and are defeated at
land and Portugal , and Invades the
Vellore.
1769 Hyder Ali, a Musselman adventurer,
latter country.
Battles of Freiberg and Burkersdorf;
ma rches on Madras and compels EngAustrians defeated in Sllesla, by Fredlish to form alliance.
1770 Terrible famine In Bengal.
erick.
Jesuits banished from France.
1771 The Mahrattas enter Delhi.
Lord Rute , Prime Minister, Engl and.
1772 ·warren Hastings becomes governor o!
1763 Peace of Paris.
Bengal.
Canada ceded to Great Britain.
1774 Office of Governor General created.
Pond!cherry restored to France.
Rohllla army defeated.
Governor Murray appointed governor of
177~ Benares ceded to the East India Com·
pany; charges of bribery against w ·a rCanada, and first introduces English
laws.
ren Hastings.

Modern History.
CHINA.

INDIA.

. ~

SUPPLEMENT XV.

::~~~~~~~~======~================~A::~~O=I=E N~T,~·:M~E~D~I~E~V~A~L~=A=N=D==M=O=D=E=R=N==H~I=S=T=O~R=Y=.==============,====7=-=====
-~~-============~=
Turkish suoc.eee In Armsla;'
1778 Pondicherry captured by the Britis h.
1780 Hastmc;s
Arcot takon
by Hyder
defeats
HyderAU.
All's lnvasioL or
.carnallc.
1781 D~fz~tm o~h tbMe htrlptle alliance of the
• e a ra tas and Hyder All.
Battle of
Porto,
July 1.
Treaty
of Novo
Chunar,
between
Hastings and
t he Subadhar of Oudh.
1782 T"p
s lb
1 poo a , son of Haydes All, secures
the
assistance or the French against
the English.
lost by the
Trincomlee
Hyder All succeeded
byBritish.
Tippoo Saib.

1866 Bengal visited by a severe ramlne
1868 E'al·l of Mayo becomes Viceroy of ·India.
1870 Rall~vay between Calcutta and Bombay
1872 A~J':S~~~ittion of Lord Mayo Feb 8
Lord Nor thbrook becom-es vt'ceroy'. ·
1874 T errlble fa.mlne throughout Bengal
1875 Tour
of the Prince or Wales th~ough
l_ndla, arrives a t Bombay, Nov. s.
1876 Prmce of Wales salls tor·home March 13
L d L
'
~~al. Ytton appointed Governor
Gen-·
A 1 f;~~~ble cyclone causes loss of 220,000
Queen Victoria proclaimed, In London
Empress or India, May 1.
'
Great famine In India, continuing nearly

1783 French troops under Bussy arrive.
Tlppoo Salb captures Bedmore.
1784
of peace concluded with Tippoo

Trs:t·:_

1785 ii:fs In~i\)>111 pa~es Parliament.
urn o
arren as llngs to England.
Succeeded by Sir John Macpherson
1786 Lord Cornwallis appointed Governo; Genera! of India.
Reform of the Company's Civil Service.
1788 Trial
Declaratory
Act Hasllngs
passes parliament.
of Warren
begins In west· t H 11 B k
mms er a ; ur e opens, Feb. 15-19 ·
Sheridan presents charges in r elation
to the Begums, June 3-13.
1789 Tl~ggo i~aJ~f:!~~g~s Travancore, Dec. 24,
1790 Travancore captured and plundered by
Tippoo Salb.
·
Treaty with Mahrattas concluded.
1791 Lo d c
r
ornwallls takes Bengalore.
Tlppoo routed at the battle of Arlker a,
May 14; Hastings begins his admirable
defense.
. Sa.lb.
17~2 P eace
concluded with Tlppoo
1793 R enewa1 of ch·arter of East India Company for twenty years.
Pondlcherry taken by the British.
1795 Warren H astings acquitted.
1798 M~e~~~af.f Wellesley appointed Governor
1799 British take serlngapatam.
Tlppoo Salb l<llled, May 4.
Restoration of the Mysore to the rightful Hlndoo sovereign.
Rajah of Tangore surrender s his power
to English.
1800 Surrender of Surat t o the British.
Nizam cedes Mysore to British.
1802 Pondlcherry given to France at the
treaty of Amlens.
The British receive rurther concessions.
T
t
f B
1 b t
h
rea Y o · asse n, e ween t e East India Company and the Pelshwa, breaks
up third
the Mahratta
1803 The
Mabrattaconfederacy.
war; the British,
under General Lake, defeat French and
Mahrattas at the batt le of Delhi, Sept.
11.

1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1813
1814
1817
1818
1818
1823
1824
1826
1826

1828
1882
1885
1838
1838
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1848
1849

1850
1851
1852
1863

1854
1855
1856
1867

__1868

1869

1862
1883

Battle of Assaye; Marquis of Wellesley ,
with 4,500 men, defeats 50,000 natives,
Sept. 23.
General Lake takes Agra, Oct. 17.
Treaty or peace with Sclndla, Dec. 30.
Holkar lays s iege to Delhi.
Gen. Frazer defeats Holkar a t battle of
Deeg, Nov. 13.
Treaty of peace with Holkar, who cedes
Bund<!lcund, a nd other t erritory.
Mutiny among Sepoys.
Lord Minto, Governor General.
War with Travancore.
Travancore subdued; mutiny at Serlngapatam.
Ecclesiastical establishment formed.
India trade thrown open to any British
subject.
Marquis of Has tings, Governor General.
Mahratta confederacy dissolved.
Ahmednuggur ceded to English.
Defeat of Holkar at Mehudpore.
Pindarrle war.
End of Plndarrle war; peace with Holka.r.
The Pelshwa suN"enders and cedes the
Deccan.
Oudh becomes independent.
L ord Amherst, Governor General.
Burmese war begins; British take Ro.ngoon, May 5.
British capture Assam, F eb. 1.
Burmese defeated at the battle of Prome.
Battle of Pagham Mew ends Burmese
war.
Peace declared F eb. 24; Burmah pays
$1,000,000 and cedes large territory.
E nglish talte Bhurtpore.
Lot·d Bentlnck, Governor General.
The northwes t provinces made a separat e
adminis tration.
St eam communication Introduced Into
India.
Slavery abolished in the East.
Afgha n war declared; Cabul captured
by the British, Aug. 7.
Lord Ellenborough Governor-General.
Am!!ers of Scind defeated by Sir
Charles Napier, F eb. 17.
Lord Hardlnge Governor-General.
Danish possessions in India purchased
by England.
England at war with Sikhs; battle of
Moodkee, Sept . G.
British vic tory over Sikhs at Sobraon,
Februa r y.
Treaty of Lasore.
Lord Da lhousie Governor-General.
Second Sikh war begun; Ramnuggur
taken by General · Gougb; again defeated at Vyseerabad.
The Sikh War ended with battle of Goojerat, F eb. 21.
Sir Char les Napier becomes Commanderin-chief.
Annexation of the Rajah to British dominions.
Mutiny of native infantry In Bengal.
Beginning of the Second Burmese war.
Pegu annexed to British Empire.
Close of the Second Burmese war.
Burma h deprived of Its seaboard provInces.
First Indian railway and telegraph
opened, Bombay to Tannah.
Renewal, for the last ttme, of East India
Company's charter.
Bengal put under a Lieutenant-Governor.
Ill,!llan Civil Service thrown open to competition.
Ganges Canal opened.
Calcutta Railway opened.
Annexation of Oudh.
L or d Canning appointed Governor-General.
Mutiny among native re giments at Bar·
rackpore, Burhampore and Lucknow,
May 6; The great Sepoy r ebellion commenced at Meer ut, May 10; Delhi
seized by 40,000 rebels and the King
proclaimed Emperor; m utinies at
Ca wnpore and· Allahabad.
Ca wnpore s urrendered by the British to
Nana Sahib. June 25.
Siege of Lucknow, begins July 1; General Havelock enters Cawnpore, July
17; victory over Nana Sahib, at Bitboor, J uly 19.
Ca ptur e or Deihl from the rebels , Sept.
20; Lucknow r ellevecl by Havelock,
Sept. 25.
Rebels routed at Battle of Cawnpore,
Dec. 6.
Battle of F utteghur, 'Jan. 2. Sir Colin
Campbell captures Lucknow, March 21 ;
Rebels defeated at K otara, July 14; at
other points s ubdues the rebels.
An Act for the better Government of
India received royal assent Aug. 2.
Government takes control of India from
the East India Company, Sept. 1.
Lord Canning made firs t Viceroy of India.
Thanksgiving day In India for peace rest or ed.
The P unjaub is made a presidency.
Pacification of Oude a nnounced, Jan. 25.
Lord Elgin appointed VIceroy of India.
neat h of Lord E lgin.
Sir John Lawrence made Viceroy.

1855

1877
1879
1880
1882
1883
1884

1885

1888
1891

1893

1899

Q~e[;aVIctorla

proclaimed Empress of
India, at Delhi, and other '"·r.eat cities
Jan. 1.
"'
'
Mas sacres at Cabul.
·
M~~qf~~~~~ Ripon made Gove.·nor-Gener.al
Rl ot between Hlndoos and Mohammed- ·
nns ·~ thP. oresidency of Madras
IntcrnatJonal exhibition at Calcutta op~ned
Dec. 4.
'
Dentlt of Maj. Gen. Francis :ll:nrdall.
Death of l<cshut Clmndcr Sen, head of
the reformed theistic sect of Himloos
Jan. 8.
'
Formal installation of Mlr Mahbub Ali
Nl:onm of Hyderabad, by Lord R ipon:
The Calcut ta. exhibition closed March 10
Terr ible ®ide mlc of small pox, at
Madras, March 30.
Tl le 11bert bill passes t he legislative
council, Calcutta, Jan. 25.
Earl of Dufferln nominated to the Vlceroyalty of India, Sept. 10.
Lord Rea.y appointed governor of Bombay, Dec. 13.
Indian Parcel Post Inaugurated July 7.
Burmese expedition, from Calcutta, for
Rangoon, Nov. 1.
Hostilities against Burmese begun by
Lieut. Gen. Prendergast, Nov. 16.
King of Burmah unconditionally surrenders, Nov. 30.
India gives prompt aid to Engla nd durlng Afgnan war.
India t enders assistance t o England during Russian controversy.
Marquis of Lansdowne appointed Governor-General, Dec. 11.
Massacre of native troops and E nglish
officers at Manlfur, March 27.
Def'.lat of the Manlfurans by the Eng!ISh, May G.
Mints closed liS to free silver by order of
the Indian Council.
I.ord Curzon inaugurated Governor. General,
Jan. 9.

1856

185S

l8ll'7
1859
1860

1861

1862

1864
1865
1866
1867

1868
1 869
1870
1871

RUSSIA.
1768 War declared against Russia by Turltey.
1769-'84 Conquest of the Crimea.
1772 Catherine I. commences t he dismemberm ent or P oland.
1774 Re bellion of the Cossacks.
1775 Cossacks' r ebelllon s uppressed.
1778 Prince Potemkln becomes prime minister.
1780 Army neutrality.
Russia, Sweden and Denmark declare
that "tree s hips make . free goods."
1784 Acquisition of t he Crimea.
171>1 War with Turkey renewed.
1788 War with Sweden.
Treaty of Warelow.
...793 Second partition of Poland.
Allia nce with England.
1795 Final partition of Poland between Russia, P r ussia and A ustrla.
The partition of Poland completed.
1796 Death of Catherine the Great.
War with Persia.
1798 Russia; joins the alliance of England and
Austria against France.
1799 Suwanow assists Austrians a nd checks
the French In Italy.
Russia form s an alliance with France.
1800 Insanity of t he Emperor Paul.
1801 He Is as sass inated.
Alexander I. becomes emperor ; he makes
peace with Engla nd.
1805 Russia joins the coalition against Fra nce,
.April.
Battle of Aus t erlitz; Napoleon defeats
the a llies. Dec. 2.
1807 Treaty of Tils it; peace with France.
1609 The Turks defeat the Russians near
Sllistrla.
1812 War with F r ance.
Napoleon Invades Russia.
Battle of Smolensko, Aug. 17; R ussians
defeated.
Battle of the Borodlno, Sept. 7; R ussians
defeated.
Burning of Moscow by the Russians,
Sept. 14.
Retreat of t he French.
1813 Battle of Leipzig, and defeat of Napoleon.
1814 Downfa ll of NaJloleon.
The Emperor Alexander enters Paris,
with the allies , in triumph.
181.0 The Emperor Alexander organl:t.es· th e
" Holy Allia nce," between R ussia, Austria and Prussia.
Alexandria proclaimed King of P oland.
1822 The Grand Duke Constantine renounces
llls right to the throne.
1825 Death of the Emperor Alexander.
Ins urrection of troops at Moscow.
1826 The Emperor Nicholas crowned at Moscow.
War with P er sia.
1827 The Emperor Nicholas vis its England.
1828 P eace wit h Persia.
War with Turkey, Russ ians generally
victorious, begins April 26.
1829 Peace of Adrlanople with Turkey.
1830 Polish wa r of Independence begins.
1881 ·w a rsaw taken by the Russians, and the
Insurrection crushed, Sept.. Oct.
1882 The emperor decrees t hat Poland shall
henceforth form an integral part of the
Russian Empire.
1840 Failure of the Khlvan Expedition.
Treaty of L ondon signed by Russia.
1841 War with Clrcasslans.
1848 Russia aids Austria In s uppressing the
Hungarian Revolution.
1849 Ru s~la demands that Polish a nd Hungarian exiles be Pxpelled from Turkey.
1850 Conspiracy against the life of the em peror detected.
Harbor of Sebas topol ·completed.
Exiles sent to Koulsh , As ia Minor.
1852 VIsit of the emperor to Vienna.
1863 Commencement of the quarrel with Turk,ey about the "Holy Places. "
Army sent to Turkish frontier.
Conference of the great power s.
War declared by Turkey, Oct. 5.
English and F r ench fleets enter the Boaphorus , Nov. 2.
1854 Allies enter the Black Sea..
Battle of Cltate, Jan. 6; Russians defeated.
Ultimatum of France and Eng1aoc) unanswered by Russia.
Treaty between ~'ngland, France and Turkey, March 12.
Bombardment of Odessa, April 22.
Siege fll Sllls trkl, M ay 17.
Siege or Sillst r~a roftled, ll'lm e 26.
Capt ure of Bom ar~rt~n d , Aug. 16.
Russia evacuates the princtpa<llties.
• B~~~eaflle;~ c Alma, Sept. 20 ; victory of
Stege of Sebas topol begins, Oct. 17.

1873

1874
1875

1876

1877

1877

P~vna

1883 Accident to the Czar while bunting, Dec.
10.
Col. Souderkln, chief o( Police, assasslna.lled by Nihilists, Dec. 28.
Coronation of Alexander III., Czar of aII
the Russkls, Aug. 27.
1884 Anti-Jewish riot, resulting In the death
of many persons, June 19.
Great fl re In Moscow, Oct. 29.
Marriage of Duke Serglus to Princess
Elizabeth of Hesse, June 15.
1885 Attack ot the Russians, under Gen.
Komaroff, on Afghan posi tlo~s near
Murghat.
1893 Jews expelled from the Asiatic provInces. ,
P rince Kors akoft, an eminent s tatesman,
died, April 28.
1894 Alexander HI. , Czar of all Russia , dted
and was succeeded by Nicholas II.
assists China In procuring money
1895 Russia
to pay war Indemnity to .Tapan and secures considerable advant{l.ges on tbe
Pacific coast.
Labor riots at St. Petersburg, 1,500 killed
Jan. 22.
Gen. Stoessel surrendered Port Arthur to
Gen. Nogi, Jan. 2.

abandoned, July 6; recaptured, July
28; terrific battles In the Shlpka Pas&.
August 21-28; Russians repulsed at
Plevna, Sept. 7-11; Immense losses <G
both sides; relief of Plevna, Sept. 22,
by Chefket Pasha; retreat of Turb,
Sept. 24; r emoval of Mehemet All as
Commander-In-chief; Sulelman Pasha
appointed; 1\fukhta.r Pasha gains TurkIs h victories In Armenia; t otal defeat
of Mukhtar Pasha at bat t le of AladjaDagh, Oct. 15; Russians take Kars by
storm, Nov. 18; surrender of Plevna,
Dee. 10.
1878 Erzeroum evacuated, Sept. 17; complete
defeat of Turkey; preliminary t..-eaty
of peace signed, March 3.
Conference by t he Powers at Berlin, to
settle Turklsh q uestlon.
T.-eat y of Berlin ratified, Aug. 3.
Great Britain, July 3, secures Cyprus.
1879 Finn~ tt·eaty with Russia signed, Feb. 8.
11uss~ans evacuate Turkey.
F.nglancl demands reforms in Turkey.
Kubar Pasha 1·esigns. .
The l<hedivc rleposed by the Sultan, June
26.
ms son TcwOI< succeds him.
1880 The Powers protest reg-arding delay in
Gi~iui~~l PJ~~~~~~r~fio~:rlin treaty.
Cession of Dulclgno, Nov. 26.
1881 Conference of the Powers at Constantinople.
Mldhat Pasha, and others, tried for murder of Abdul-Azlz; and condemned to
1770 Rebellion of All Bey ·suppressed, In
death; their sentence commuted to
Egypt.
exile.
.
1774 Abdul Hamid becomes Sultan.
Decree of abolition of slavery In Egypt.
1781 Crimea ceded to Russia.
1882 The Porte declines to enter conference of
1787 War with Russia and Austria; defeat of
Powers regarding Egypt, but subsethe Turks.
quently yields.
1788 Sellm III., Sultan of Turkey.
Remonstrates with England tor Intended
1798 The French, under ·Napoleon, Invade
bombardment or Alexandria.
Egypt.
·
Der vish Pasha sent a.s envoy to Egypt.
1799 Battle of Aboultlr; French victorious.
Turkey declines to send troops to Egypt,
1801 The English aid the Turks; . Napoleon
but, aft er the bombardment, consents.
forced to retreat.
Arabi Pasha sentenced to banishment to
1803 I nsurrection of Mamelukes at Cairo.
Ceylon for Ute, Dec. 3.
1806 Mehemet All becomes Pasha in Egypt.
Prayers offered In Mosques of Cairo for
1807 War with England and Russia.
the Queen of England as the "Mirror
British fleet passes the Dardanelles.
of Justice," Dec. 13.
Mustapha IV., Sultan.
Arabi Pasha, Egyptian Minister of War,
1808 ~fahmoud II., Sultan.
h eads opposition to the Khedive.
1811 Massacre of Mamelultes; Mehemet beAlleged cons piracy against Arabi Pashs.,
comes supreme.
Minister of War, leads to internatlon"l
1&2 Treaty of Bucharest; Pruth made f.roncomplications.
tier of Turkey and Russia.
English and 1-' rench fleets appear at
181& ·Discoveries or llclzonia, in Egypt.
Alexandria, Mu.y.
1821 Insurrection in lloldavia and Wallachia;
On J une 11, n riot breal<s out in Alexindependence of G•·ecoc secured.
At tempt ed Assa ssinut.ion of t.hc Ot.ar, in
andria,
the natives kllling 340 Europeans.
1824
Turks
defeated
at
Mitylcnc.
Paris, by a Pole.
'l'hc Powers called upon to aid the
1827 13attle of Navadno; Turi<ish tlcet destroyed.
Amuesl.y granted for p olit ical offenses.
Khedive.
1828 War with Russia ; surrender a t A napa,
~~~?1sft~~~~1rZg~ n~og~ eP'.Pu~~a'
June 23.
Arabi erects fortlfieetlona, aad threatstudents.
Bajazet taken Sept. 9.
t o blow up the Suez Canal.
Neutrality in Franco-Pruss>an wQr deAdmiral Seymour takes command l)f
Varna occu.pled by Russians, Oct. U..
clared.
Englis h forces, and orders Arabi to
1829
Battle
or
Sbumla.
Gor tschakolf r epudiates treaty or 1856,
cease fortifying; he refuses.
Russians take EI'2eroum and ooter Ad'l'las regards the Black Sea.
Bombardmont of Alexandrian forts, July
anople
;
treaty
of
peace,
Sept.
14.
Conference of the powers, at London,
12; they are destroyed by the English
1831 Revolt of Mehemet All.
abrogates the Black Sea cla us es.
Battle of Konieh; Egyptians de! oat
fleets.
Many socialists Imprisoned throughout
Arabi
Pasha retreats Into the country
Turkl.
the empire.
under cover of a flag of truce.
Egypt
invades
Syria.
Expedition against Kblva, which surrenThe Khedive declares him a rebel.
1832 Battle of Konieh; disastrous defeat ot
ders June 10.
Gen. Sir Garnet Wolsley arrives at AlexVIsit of the Emperor of Germany to Rusandria, Aug. 15, with English troops.
1833 RJs~I~~~ enter Constantinople; offensive
s ia.
Ramleh fortified.
and defensive treaty with Russia.
VIsit of the Shah of Persia.
Skirmish
between Egyptians and the
T reaty of Kutayah.
New treaty with the Khan of Bokhara.
Rebellion In Egypt suppressed.
English.
Marriage of the E m peror's uught er to
The joint fl eet sails to Abouklr under
Abdul
Medjhl
becomes
Sultan.
1889
the Duke of Edinb:m",clh.
sealed orders; then proceeds to Port
A second revolt of Mehemet Ali.
VIsit of t he Emperor tl!ll ~ and
Said; r each ed Ismallla.
Battle of Nezlb; Ibrahim Mehemet, All's
E ngland.
The English occupy the Suez Canal.
son
defeats
the
Turks.
The Island of SaghalD:Em amlbl1l ttn li!oB:!Oa
Arabs attack the Britis h a t Kassa.ssln,
1840 England, Russia, Austria, and Prussia
by Japan.
and are repulsed with· heavy loss.
aid Turkey.
Japan cedes the Kurile lSI!!£ ttn !Jlrumlial.Battle of Tel-el-Keblr In which tho
Battle of Beyrout; Egyptians defeated.
War with Kholand.
whole Egyptian army Is r outed, Sept.
18U
Treaty
with
Egypt.
Baltic provinces lncorporaua Ieite> the
Mehemet All made VIceroy, but deprived
13.
empire.
Zagazlg
occupied.
of
Syria..
.
Russia encourages t he Insurgents In the
Kafr-el-Dwar
surrenders.
1847
New
system
of
education
lntrod,uced.
Turkis h provinces of Servia and BulCairo opens Its gates.
1849 Turkey refuses to surrender Polish r Pf·
garia.
Arabi P asha and 10,000 troops surr ender
ugees; refusal sustained by England.
Capture of Khokan.
unconditionally.
1851 Rebellion of Croatia.
..
Conquest of Khlva completed.
End of the war, Sept. 15.
1852 Trea t y with France regarding the Holy
Russia declares war against Turkey,
Total destruction of Hicks Pasha. and
1882
Places."
.
April 24.
his army In the Soudan, Nov. 3.
1853 A large Russian army crosses the Pruth.
Melikoft enters Armenia and seizes Bay• Turkey declares war ; approved by the
1884 Resignation of Egyptian ministry of
azid, Aprll 30.
great powers, England, France, AusSherif Pasha, Jan. 7.
Russians defeated at Batoum, May 4.
Gen. C. G. Gordon leaves England for
tria a nd Prussia.
Mellkoft storms Ardaban, May 17.
Egypt en route for Kartoum, Jan. 18.
1854 Crimean war; allied fieet s enter the
Investment of Kars, June 3.
Defeat of Baker Pasha near Tokar,
Black Sea, Jan . 4.
Passage of the Danube by the Grand
Russia refuses Intervention, Mar ch 19.
Feb. 4.
Duke Nicholas, June 22-27.
Gen. Gordon arrives at K artoum, F eb. 18.
Treaty with E ngland and F rance.
Capture of Tirnova July 8.
The allied powers guarantee Turkish lnSurrender of Tokar t o the rebels under
Plevna occupied, July 6; re:.a.ken by
Osma n Digna, Feb. 22•
Turl<s, July 30; great defeat of RusDefeat of the rebels at Tet, by Gen. Gra•
AlW~Ji'J'eets bombard Odessa, and blocll;sians by Mukhtar Pasha.
h
am, Feb. 29.
ade
the
Danube.
The capture or Nlcopolls by the Russians,
Tokar relteved by Gen. Graham, March a.
Allies overcome •R ussians at Glurgero.
July 15.
Osman Pasha defeated by Gen. Graham
Turks
defeated
at
Bnyazld
;
,
see
Russia.
The Russians occupy the Shlpka Pass.
1865 Battle at Kars, Russians defeated; Turks,
at Tamasi, March 13.
July 19.
Egyptian troops m eet with r everse at
under Omar Pasha, win a great victory
Severe fighting In the Shipka Pass, July
at the Ingour , Nov. 6; allies t ake Kars,
Kartoum, March 16.
19, Dec. 31.
Third conference of the Great Powers
N ov. 26.
Russian attack on P levna partly successupon Egyptian finances, Aug. 2.
1866 Suspension of host ilities, a waiting Degoful Sept. 7-11.
Gooeral Stewart's foroes reach Qakdul,
tia.Uons for peace, F eb. 29.
<6eat Russle.n victory at A_ladja Dagb.
'L'reaty ot peace s tgned, at Paris, April
E gypt, , Jan. 12.
Capture of Kars by the Russians, with
Battle of Abu Klea, victory of British
Crimea evacuated, .July 9. ·
great slaughter, Nov. 18.
forces, Jan. 17.
Capture of Etropol by the Russians.
Independence of Turkey !luurantced.
British victory near Metammeh.
Capture of Plevna and Osman Pasha's army,
Gen. Stewart wounded, Jan. 19.
1868 Conflict with blontcncgrJn•.
Christians massacred at J edda.
by the Russians. Dec. 10.
Fall of Kru·toum . Jan. 26.
Dee.th or Gen. - aoroon; Jan. !IIi, pi'Oducea
E~.eror returns to St. P et ersburg, Dec. 22.
~!ontcncgrin boundnl'ies determined.
Intense exoltement In London.
'
Su~ Canal begun by De Lesseps.
:&rzeroum Invested, Dec. 24.
The Italian fiag!lhOisted with that ut
14109
Great
fire
at
Cons
tantinople.
Gen. Gourko crosses the Balkans , Dec.
Egypt,
at
Massowah,
Feb.
8.
Con spl~acy agains t the Sultan.
31.
British vi ctory near Dulka Island, death
1860 Druse a nd Maronlte War.
Russians occupy Sofia, Jan. 4.
of Gen. Earl, Feb. 10.
Massacre of Christians at Damas cus.
Servlans defeated, Jan. 7.
The Muder of Dongola decorated by
of
Great
Powers.
Convention
Capture of th e Shlpka Pass, by the RusLord Wolseley.
1861
Abdui-Azlz
Sultan.
Terrific fighting near Suaklm, March 22.
sians , Jan. 8, 9.
Insurrection In Herzegovina and MonBato um attacked without s uccess by the
Death of Mahdl Mohammed Achmed,
t
enegr
o.
Russians.
June 29.
1862 Omar P asha Invades Montenegro.
Russians occupy· Phlllppolis, Jan. 16.
R evolut ion In Eastern Roumella.
Servlans demand their Independence.
Russian occupation of Adrla nople, Jan.
P rince Alexander of Bulgaria, Governor,
1868 Death of Said Pas ha ; I smail Pasha be20.
Sept. 18.
comes Viceroy of Egypt.
·
British fieet enters the Dardanelles, J an.
Meeting of Ambassadors, at Constantino·
1864 Arabian rebellion suppressed by Egypt.
pie, on t he Eastern crisis, Oct. 4.
25.
1865
Suez
Canal
opened
In
part.
Erzeroum evacu ated by the Turks, Feb.
First tbrough train from Paris to Con1888
R
evolt
In
Candia.
1866
21.
stantinople, Aug. 3.
Cretan Greeks r evolt against the Turks.
TreatY oi peace s igned at San Stefano.
1889 E gyptian Dervish Army routed, Aug. 3.
1867 The K hedive of Egypt, Viceroy, visits
Skobeleft and Rade tzky ca pture Turkis h
Turkish forces occupy Cret e, Aug. 30.
France
and
England.
a rmy In As ia Minor.
1890 Turkish man-of-war Ertogroul founders
1869 Suez Canal ina ugurated.
Conference of powers at Berlin , June 13.
at sea, 500 lives los t, Sept. 19.
1870 Sir Sa muel Bake r sent to supp_r ess slave
Treaty or Berlin s igned, July 13.
1894 Insurrection In Armenia., a nd great masFinal treaty with Turl<ey, s igned Feb. 8.
sacre of Chr istian s at Sassoun.
1872
B!~~~e-returns,
after
considerable
sucIn Constantinople and massacre of
Solovleft attempts to assassinate the
1895 Riot
cess.
Armenian Christians In that city.
the Sultan's ftrman t he Khedive ot
N8:i~rstsAErk.tiir and Odessa convicted. 1873 ByEgypt
Great
powers of Europe demand rebecomes Independent In moRt
forms from the Su!tan and protection
Attempt on the Czar' s life by mining
for his Christian subjects.
rallway, Dec. 1.
1874 Cl~~~~i~ letter to the Powers, protesting
Discover y of plot to blow up the Winter
Change In the Ministry, Nov. 7.
against t reaties with Turkish tribu•.t:ne Porte r efused to authorize street s ales
Palace, Dec. 12.
taries.
Explos ion under dlnlngr oom of Winter
..... Bibles, .Jr.n, 2.
1875
Insurrection
In
H
erzegovina
and
Bos
nia.
Palace.
Bosnians victorious at the battle of
Several soldiers kllled and wounded,
Gats chko.
Feb. 17.
Uns uccessful Abyssinian expedition.
Arrest of Hartmann, at Paris , F eb. 20.
British government purchases Suez
Gen. Mellkoff made virtual dictator, Feb.
canal stock.
24.
1876 War with Abyssinia; the Egyptian debt
France refuses extradition of Hartmann.
consolidated.
.
N ihilists convicted at St. Petersburgh
Battle of T rebinge, indectslve.
and Kieft.
1770 Gr eek ln&u'!'gents assis ted by Rusela.
Germany, Austria and Russia. d~mSJ!ld
Assassination of Alexander II., by bombs
They are defeated by the Turka.
reform In Turkish tributaries.
thrown at his carriage, March 13; one
Rebellion of Sullot suppr essed.
Bulgaria
r
evO"lt
s
against
Turkish
rule.
assass in killed by explosion, a nother
Turl<-s
put down seoond S\tllot Nbellioa.
1803
Su ld de or murder o! Sultan Abdul-Az,lz.
seized.
·
whteh was incl.ted by tbe Frencb. Montenegro
and
Serv.la
d ecla~e wilt'
Accession ot .Ale;xander III., who was not
Revolt
of Ipsylanti ; Peloponnesus gained ·
1821
aga,lns t Tullkey.
.
orowned until 1882, on acooun.t of lear
Murad V. Sultan, Mny 30th ; accesston of
by the Greeks.
of assas-sina uon.
Abdul-Ham id II.
1822 Independence of Greece.
Trial of ND>ilists, April 8.
Defeat or t he Servians at Alexinatz.
.
Terrible massacre at Scio.
Russakoft, Sophie Pieoffsky, JelnbofT and
Conference
of
Great
Powers
about
Turkish
1823 National Congress at Argos.
others, condemned to death.
Death of Marco Bozzaris.
8
Treaty of pence with Chinn.
l877 •t'ra:aT~ of peace w!Ut Aby.ssinla, made by
Rooignatkm of Gen. M~llkotr, May 131824 Death of Lord Byron at Missolonghi.
Col. Gordan.
Ipsara destroyed by the Turks.
Man.tfesto of Gen. Igml.tl.eft, Ma.y 23.
Tu-rkeY r.eject.s pr.o:pose.ls of the Great
Counter ma.nieoet o of Nihilis ts.
1826 Siege of biissolonghi ; capitulates to the
Powers.
Ne w Nll\tl4st plot dlseover ed, Novembe r.
'l'urks.
Mtdhat
Pasb
a
bantshed
.
Retirement ot Prlnoe Oortschakofl'.
1827 Turklsh army takes Athena.
War with Russia. declared.
Inter-terence
of torelgn powen ret-Anti-Jew ish riots.
Hos tilities with Montenegro.
P an-Slavls t s peec}l of Ge n. Skobelett, at
by Tut'ke:r.
R uss ians cross the Danube, June 23 ;
Battle
ot
NavariDe;
&e aUIE' : Brltlllh.
P a ris .
Nlcopolls surrendered to Russ ia. ; sllg!lt
Death of Gen. Skobelett, July' 6.

ot Balakla va, Oct. 25.
Battle of mkermann, Nov. 5.
Death of the Emperor N lebo las Mar ch 2.
Alexander II. Emperor.
'
Sortie of Malakoff t ower, March 22.
Russians evacuate Anapa June 6.
Kars invested, July 16. '
Capture of Malakoff tower by the French,
Sept. 8.
Death of Lord naglan.
The Russians evacuate Sebastopol and
retire to their works on t he north side
oi the harbor; destruction of the Rus sian fleet, Sept.
Russian assault on Kars ralls.
Battle of the Ingour; defeat of Russians
by Turks, Nov. G.
Kars surrendered to Russians, Nov. 26.
Cocncll of war at Paris, Jan. 11.
Amnesty granted to Poles, May 2~; to
political offenders Sept. 7.
Suspension of hostilities In the Cl··i.mea,
Feb. 29.
dl~:t~t O~Jfce~~:r.at Paris, March 30.
Crimea evacuated July 9:
Alexander II. crowned at Moscow, Sept. 2.
Partial emancipation or the serfs on the
•
imperial domains.
1\leetlng OI me Emperot's at Stut'tgarat
and Weimar.
Russia censures the warlike movements
of the Germanic Confederation during
the Franco-Italian war.
Treaty with Great Britain.
Commercial treaty with China.
Insurrection In Poland begins.
The Emperor issues a decree providing
for the total emancipation of the serfs
throughout the empir e In two years;
23,000,000 serfs freed.
Students' riots throughout the empire.
The Insurrection in Poland becomes general ; It Is quelled with great severit y.
Trial by jury grant ed.
Increased pri vlleges gran ted to the Jews.
Serfdom In the empire ended.
War with Asiatic nations.
The war In the Caucasus ended.
Death of the Czarowltch Nicholas, at
Nice, April 24.
New province of Turkestan In Central
Asia created.
Attempt by Karakosoft to assassinate the
Czar, Sept. 15.
Diplomatic qua rrel with Rome .
~~~~!~ge ,t'~.frfJ~.ce ~~~~~d~ld to the
United Sl.a te• for $7,000,000.

J 85{ Battle

TURKEY.

•n&·

1878

1879

1880

QR£ECE.

1881

1882

·-

Copyright. 1905.. b y Geo. A. Ozl e & C o.

SUPPLEMENT XV I.

·- ~~~~==~========~~~~~
~ ~==~==~~~==~~==~~
ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HISTORY.
French and Russian fteets defeat the
Turks and Egyptians.
Independence of Gr eece establishAd.
. 1~28 The Turks evacuate the Morea.
1829 Turkey surrenders Mlssolonghl.
Treaty o! Hadrlanople.
1831 President D'Istrla assasslnat.ed.
1838 Accession of Otho I.
1843 Ins urrection In Athens; N lltlonal Assembly; new constitution adopted.
•
1850 Plreus blockaded by a British fleet.
England demands Indemnity tor Injury
t o British subjects.
French Intervention sought.
Greece forced to yield.
Revolt of Albanians.
English and French occupy Greece.
Neutrality In Russo-Turkish war declared.
J 857 Greece evacuated by the French and Engl\llh. .
1862 Serious Insurrections 'n Greece.
Otho I. for.ced to leave Greece.
Prince Alfred, o! England, declared King.
Austria declares for Otho I.
1863 National Assembly declares Alfred elected King.
England refuses to allow his accession.
Prince William, of De}lmark, elected
King, March 18, and be~omes King
George I., Nov. 2, 1863; new Constitution adopted.
1867 King George I. married to Princess Olga,
of Russia.
·
~1$70 Trouble with the brigands, w)lo kill m any
English prisoners.
1875 N eutrallty observed In Het:zegovinlan I r._ ..
surrection.
1876 Declares for neutrality In Servlan w!\r.
1878 Thessalians aided by Gr~eks against the

.

magna vote for annexation to Sardinia,
March 9.
Savoy a nd Nice ceded to France by Sardinia.
The French troops leave Italy In May.
Garibaldi lands In Sicily, May 11.
Declares himself Dictator, and drives the
Neapolitans. fro m Sicily In the battles
of Calatlftnnl and Melazzo, J uly 20.
He Invades Napl es with hls little army,
Sept. 7.
Insurrection In the Papal States In September. Sardinian army enters them,
and defeats the Papal troops, Sept. 18,
and takes Ancona; Sept. 29.
The Sardinian army, under the King,
enters the Neapolitan territory; deteats the Neapolitans, at Iser ala, Oct.
17.
Garibaldi defeats the Neapolitans, at the
Voltur}la, Oct. 1.
Meets Victor Emmanuel, Oct. 26, and
salutes him as "King of Italy."
Sicily a}ld Naples vote for annexation to
Sardinia, Oct . .21.
Victor Emmanuel enters Naples as King,
Nov. 7.
Garibaldi resigns the Dictatorship and re-

B;;,~[;!!,;onference

considers question of
Greek aiid Turkish frontiers.
1881 Convention with Turk6Y, July 2.
Thessaly ceded to Greece.
188. Serious fire at royal palace, Athens,
l889 p;}~cfes:·sophie or Rus111a and the Crown
Prince married, October 27.
.1890 Greek Ministry resigns, October 28.
.1891 Prof. Waldsteln discovers rare Jewels In
the ru.i ns of Eretria, March.
1893 Ministry resigned May 10, and s ucceeded by a new Cabinet, with M.
'Trlco~pJs as prell.ller, Nov. 11.
1880

ITALY.

II
•

1

i
'

1776 Death of P ope Cleme.nt XIV. And elevation of Plo VI.
.
;1196-'97 -Booap.ar.te's fi rst victories In Italy.
1'797 Treaty of Campo Formlo.
Fran ce and Austria divide the Veneti'l.n
States.
The Cis-Alpine republic rounded.
1798 Second Invasion or the French.
Pope P ius VI. deposed by Bonaparte.
1799 Defeat of the French at Trebla, by the
Russians, under Suwarrow.
1800 Death of Plo VI. ; Plo VII. Pope.
n·onaparte crosses the Alps.
a.attle of Marengo, June 24; total defeat
ot Austrians.
J,$02 The Cis-Alpine republic remodled as the
ItaJian republic; Bonaparte President.
1805 Napoleon crowned King of Italy, May 26.
E ugene Beauharnols made VIcer oy of
Italy.
J806 The Tt:_<l,aty of Presburg deprives Austria
of her Italian possessions.
1814 Downfall of Napoleon.
. Over throw of the Kingdom of Italy.
1815 Establishment of the Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom cor Austria.
Genoa added to the Sardinian crown.
1823 Death of Pope Plo VII. ; Leo XII. becomes Pope.
1829 Death of Leo XII. ; Plo VIII. become~
1831

D:~&e~f Pope

P lo VIII.. and elevation of
Gregorio XVI.
Death of Carlo Felix, a nd "".'.lngulshment
Of the direct male lin, or the House

T~! ~:;:~· ralls

to Prince Carlo Alberto.
The "Young State Party" formed by

'

In~~;;!~~ion In Centra l Italy.
1837 King Charles Albert. of Sardinia, promulgates a new Code.
1846 Death or Pope G regorlo XVI.; Plus IX.
becomes Pope.
1848 The Kin g or Sar dinia gran'ts a Constitution and openly espouses t he cause of
Italian regeneration against Austria.
Insurrection In Lombardy and Venl ~e
against Austrian power; r evolt Is supported by the King of Sardinia.
The Pope supports the moveme.nt for
Italian independence, June. .
War between Sardinia and Austrta.
Lombardy, annexed to Sardinia, June 29.
Revolution at Rome; 1\lght of the Pope to
1849

1850

T~a'i,';!~dlnlans,

after repeated reverses,
arc totally defeated by the Austrians
at Novara. March 28.
Close of the war, and r ecovery of Lotnbardy by Austria.
Carlo Alberto abdicates In favor of his
son, VIctor Emmanuel II., March 23;
dies July 28.
The Roman republic formed.
Rome captured by the French army, under Marshal Oudlnot.
The republic overthrown, and the Pope

E~~f:~i~~ical
A;~s~~~~a.the

T~~e~r~~ rtt:r:~a.Parliament assemble>,
Feb. 18.
Parliament decrees VIctor Emmanuel
"King of Italy," Feb. 26.
The new kingdom r_l!eogn~ed by England, March 31.
The Pope protests against the new kingdom, April 15.
Death of Cavour, June G.
Unsucc·essful revolt In Calabria, by Jose
Borges, In the Interest or Francis II.
1862 Ratazzl forms a new ministry.
Naples declared In a state of siege._
Rataz21's ministry overthrown and a new
one formed by Farina.
Garibaldi endea¥ors to wres t Rome from
the Pope.
He Is made pr isoner at Aspromonte, by
the Italian army.
1863 Commercial treaties with France and
Great Britain.
.
1864 Treaty with France !or t he evacuation
ot aome by the French In February,
1867.
Transfer of the Capital from T urin to
Florence.
1865 Bank of It aly established.
:-<ew Parliament meets at F lorence.
The Insurrections at Turin suppressed.
Brigands cause much trouble.
1866 The Austro-Itallan war begins.
Alliance. with Prussia.
Italy declares war against Austria. June
20.
Italians cross the Mlnclo, June 23.
Battle of Custoza, J une 24, and defeat of
the Italians by the Archduke Albrecht.
Battle of Lissa.
Defeat of the Italian fleet, July 20.
Peace of Prague, Aug. 23; Hlastern Lombardy and Venetia added to the Kingdom.
,.
· Treaty or N lcholsburg, Aug, 26; close ot
the war.
Cession of Venetia to the Jtallan kingdom.
King Victor Emmanue l e~1ters Venice,
Nov. 7.
1867 Insurrection in the Papal SJtates.
Garibaldi placed under art est.
The French enter Rome.
Garibaldi defeated at Meutana.
1868 Rallwa,y over Mont Conlu opened.
Crown Prince Humbert IY,arrles Prlncc3s
Marghertta.
1869 Ecumenical Council held at Rome.
. Severe earthquake at F lorence.
1870 Dogma of Intalllbi lity proclaimed by the
Council.
Arrest of Mazzlnl at Palermo.
The Papal States entered by the Italian
army, and Rome occupied, Sept. 20.
Papal States a part or the K ingdom of
Italy, Oct. 9.
Pope Pius IX. Issues bull of excommunication against the government, Nov. 1.
Rome evacuated by the French, Aug. 11.
Revolution in Rome Imminent.
The Pope takes refuge In the castle of
St. Angelo.
Rome annexed to Italy, and made the
Capital of the kingdom by royal deere<',
Oct. 9.
The Italian Duke o! Acosta elected King
ot Spain.
1871 The government transferred !rom Florence to Rome, July.
Opening of the Mt. Cents :runnel.
1872 Death of :\faizlnl.
Great eruption of Mount Vesuvius. Serious Inundations throughout the peninsula.
1873 Suppression of the convents at Rome.
T~xpul slon of J esuits !rom Italy.
1874 General assembly of free Chrlstaln
churches in Italy.
·
Brigands cause great trouble.
'l'hc government suppresses the Camorra's.
1875 Visit or the Emperors of Austria and
Germany to the King of Italy.
Garibaldi takes oath or allegiance to the
gover nment, and becomes a member
of the Chamber of Deputies.
Ratification of a treaty of commerce with
Great Britain.
Six new cardinals appointed.
1876 Italy and anti-Turkish in the eastern
question.
Attempted assassination of King H um-

1861

jurisdictions abolished In

T~;rtce%~~8}ed "Antonelli" case dismissed.
'
1878 Death of Victor Emmanuel, J.an. 9.
Attempted assassination of King Humbert I. , Nov. 17.
Death of Pope Plus IX., Feb. 7.
Leo XIII. elected Pope, Feb. 20.
1880 E lections favorable to the ministry of

1877

T~:~;~~ster

Archbishop of Turin.
18ii1 Count Cavour Minister of Foreign Af1853 R!~~~· In Milan subdued.
1855 Sardinia joins the alliance of France,
England and Turkey against Russia,
and takes part In the Crimean war.
1856 Unsuccessful revolt In Sicily. ·
1857 Diplomatic rupture between Sardinia an d
Austria.
1859 Quarrel between Sardinia anu Austria,
caused by .former power refus ing to dls-

F::~e espOuses the cause of Sardinia,

and sends an a rmy to her assistance.
The Austrians cross the Tlclno, April n.
Th e French army reaches Genoa, May S.
Battles of Montebello, May 20; Palestro.
· May 30, 31; Magenta, June 4; Malegnano, June 8; Solferlno, June 24.
Total defeat or Austrians.
Revolutions In Tuscany, Parma, Modena,
Bologna, F errara, etc.
Peace of V!lle!ranca, July 11.
W estern Lombardy annexed to Sardinia.
Protest of Tuscany, and declaration for a
United Kingdom.
The peopl e Incited to arms by Garibaldi.
The Pope appeals to Europe against the
King of Sardinia, July 12.
The I talian Duchies declare in Javor ~f
ann~xation to Sardinia.
New constitution for Sardinia.
•
Alliance between Tuscany, Modena, Pll-rma and the .t;tomagna formed, Oct. 10.
Pear.e - of Zurich, Nov. 10; part of t~e
Papal Stat es and t ho Duchies of Parma
o.nd J,;Lodena ceded to Sardl.rlia.
t
'l:ll e ·Emperor Napoleon .advises the Pop.e
to ~lv e up his revolted States, Dec.•11.
1860 T.be :.:>ove refuses the Emp.eror's pr9posa1
a'I!d denounces him, Jan . 8.
.
A n.e>r m10t$try formed by Cavour, Jan.

..
jt

ii

:·!
'I

q
I

:.

- ~

~

'l'uscany, Parma, llf.o<leJia.- o.nd the Ro-

·-

1881
1882
1883
1884
1889

ironclad Halla successfully

launched.
Resignation of Garibaldi as Deputy, and
retirement to Genoa.
Calroli ministry overthrown and a new
one founded by Depretlo.
Reform Bill passed by the Senate, Dec.
21.
Electoral Jaw passed.
Death of Garibaldi, June 2.
Discovery or site or the cel ebrated Antrlum, at Rome, Nov. 6.
·
The cholera rages In Naples.
Sta tue of Bruno unveiled at Rome, June

1890 si:.:tue of Victor Emmanuel unveilad,
d R
Sept. 20.
1891 Crlspl Resigns the Premiership an
udlnl appointed, Feb. 9.
Baron Fava, Minister to the United
States, recalled, March SO.
1893 P ope Leo XIII. celebrates his 83d blrthdu.Humbert and Queen Margare t ce1eKing
brate their silver wedding.
1900 King Humbert a.ssa.sstna.ted, July 29.
Coronation ot King VIctor Emmanuel m.
Aug. 11.
1904 Death of Pope Leo XIII.
Pius X elected Pope.

SPAIN.
J esuits expelled !rom the kingdom.
Fal kland Is lands ceded to England.
War· with Portugal resumed.
War with England renewed.
France ·and Spain besiege Gibraltar.
1783 England cedes Balsarlc Isles to Spain at
peace of Versa!llcs.
179~ French invade Spain.

1767
1771
1775
. 1777

1796 War again with England.
1797 Battle of Cape St. Vincent; defeat of the
Spanish fieet, Feb. 14.
1800 Spain cedes Parma to France.
1801 Treaty with Portugal at Badajos.
Treaty of Madrid with France.
1802 Treaty with England at Amleos.
1804 Renewed war with England.
1805 Battle of Trafalgar, Oct. 21; total defeat
of F rench and Spanish fteets by English, under Nelson.
1807 Invasion of Spain by the French.
Treaty of Fountalnebleau.
181J8 Territory demanded by France.
Spanish fortress seized.
The French take Madr id.
Charles I V. abdicates In favor of. Napoleon, May 1.
Massacre or 200 French In Madrid, May 2.
NapoTeon assembles the notables at Bayonne, May 25.
Ferdinand VII. abdicates.
Napoleon I. gives crown t o his brother
Joseph Bonaparte, who enters Madr id,
July 12, but Is dr iven out, July 29.
The F rench defeated at Vlmlera, Aug.
21, by the English.
Battle of Logrono; defeat of the patriots.
Battle of Durange; the French victorious.
The French retake Madrid, and restore
Klng~ Joseph Bonaparte, Dec. 2.
Napoleon enters Madrid, Dec. 4.
1809 Battle of Cori!'IIna and death of Moore,
Jan. 16.
Surrender of Saragossa.
Spnln entered by Sir Arthur Wellesley,
who crosses the Douro.
Defeat of t he French at T ulavera, July
28.
Spanish defeated at Ocana, Nov. 12.
Severe battle of· Molinos del Rey, Dec. 21.
1810 Granada, Seville and Atsorga seized by
the French.
Capture or Cludad-Rodrlgo by Marshal
Ney, July 10.
1811 Wellington defeats the French at Fuentes d'Onoro, l\fay 6, and at Albuer:t,
May 16.
Ta rragora tak.on by Suchet.
King Joseph returns to Madrid.
Spanish defeated by Soult at Lorca.
1812 Vl'e lllngton victorious at Cludad-Rodrigo,
Jan. 19.
13ndajoz storm ed and carried, April 6.
Defeat o! the I•'rench at Salamanca, J uly
22.
.
1813 English, under Wellington, occupy
Madrid.
English s uccessful at Castella, April 13;
Vlttorla, June 21, and Pyrenees, J uly
28.

1814
1817
1820
1823

1828
1829
1830
1833

1834

1836
1837
1839
1840

1841

The French driven out of Spain, Wellington crossin g the Dldasoa and follows them Into France.
Ferdinand VII. restored.
The s lave trade abolished tor a compensation.
Revolution under Nunez del Rlego begins
In January.
F erdinand swears to t he constitution ot
the Cortes. ·
The Cortes remove the king to Sevi lle,
and thence to .Cadiz, March.
Inter vention or F:rance In behalf or the
king.
French army enters Spain, April 7.
Cadiz .Invested, June 25.
Battle or the Trocadero, Aug. 31.
Rebels defeated and t he revolution
crushed.
The king again restored.
Execution of Rlego and the patriot leaders.
The French evacuate Cadiz.
Cadiz proclaimed a free port.
The Sallque law abolished.
Death or Ferdinand VII.; hls queen assumes t he government as Regent durIng the minority of her daughter, Isabella II.
Don Car los claims the throne.
The Quadruple Treaty of France, England, Spain and Portugal guarantees
the right of Queen Isabella to the
throne.
Don Carlos enters Spalo and claims the
crown.
Beginning of the Carllst war.
Defeat of Carllsts at battle of B!lbao.
Dissolution of monast eries.
Success o! the gover nment forces.
Don Carlos takes refuge In England.
Espartero, commander of the royal
forces, becom'e s the r eal r uler of !:tpaln.
The Queen Regent Christina abdicates
and leaves Spain.
Espartero expels the Papal Nuncio.
Espartero declared, by the Cortes, Regent during the young Queen's minori-

tY·

Insurrection In favor of Christina quelled.
1842 Insurrection at Barcelona against Espartero; he bombards the city, Dec. 3,
and receives Its surrender, Dec. 4.
1843 Uprising against Espar tero at Barcelona,
Corunna, Sevllle and otlter points.
Bombardment of Sevllle, J uly 21.
Defeat of Espartero.
1845 Don Carlos assigns his chl.lms to his son.
Isabella II., 13 years old, Is declared, by
the Cortes, to be of age.
Narvaez, a friend of Queen Christina, Is
made commander of the army.
1846 Marriage or Queen Isabella to her cousin,
Don I•'ranclsco d' Asslz, Duke of Cadiz.
Marriage of the Infanta to t he Duke de
Montpensier, son of the King or France.
Protest of England against these marriages.
1847 Attempt by La Rlva to assassinate the
Queen.
Espartero restored to power.
1848 The Drltlsh Envoy ordered to quit Madrid within 48 hours.
1850 Dlrth of the Queen's fi rst child; It dies
Immediately.
Attempt of Lopez to wrest Cuba from
Spain.
1851 Opening of the Madrid-Araojuez railway.
1852 Merino, a Franciscan monk, attempts to
klll the Queen, and slightly wounds her
with a dagger.
1853 Narvaez exiled to Vienna.
1854 Espartero organizes a military Insurrection at Saragossa and succeeds In makIng himself prime minister.
The queen-mother Impeached, and com·
palled to quit Spain.
1855 Death of Don Carloa.
1856 Insurrection at Valencia.
Espartero resigns.
A new cabinet formed, headed by Marshal O'Donnell.
Insurrection In Madrid quelled by the
government.
Disbandment of the national guard . .
Insurrection at Barcelona and Saragossa
quelled by O'Donnell, as Dictator.
O'Donnell forced to resign.
Navaez Is made prime minister.
1857 Birth or the prince royal.
1859 War with Morocco.
O'Donnell commands the army In Africa.
1860 Moors defeated at Tetuan and Guadelras.
Treaty of peace s igned, March 26.
Unsuc~essful efforts of Ortega to overthrow the Queen and make the Count
de )fontemollo king, as Charles VI.
Ortega shot, April 19.
The 'Emperor Napoleon III. proposes to
recognize Spain as a first-class power.
The project abandoned, owing to the r efusal of England.
1861 The annexation of St. Domingo to Spain
ratified.
Spain joins England and France In t he
Mexican expedition.
1863 Don J uan de Bourbon renounces his
right to the throne.
O'Donnell resigns the premiership.
Insurrection In St. Domingo.
1864 Spanish quarrels with Peru.
General Prim exiled for conspiracy.
Copyright, !905. by Geo. A. Ogle & Co.

1864 Narvaez again becomes prime minister.
He advises the relinquishment of St.
Domingo; Queen Isabella refuses.
Christina returns to Spain.
1865 Peace with Peru, which Is compelled t o
pay a heavy Indemnity.
Queen I sabella orders the sale of the
crown lands, and gives three-fourths to
the nation.
Spain relinquishes St. Domingo.
Quarrel with Chill, followed by war.
Kingdom of Italy recognl~ed by Spain;
Insurrection, headed by General Prim.
1866 General Prim lays down his arms, and
Insurgents enter Portugal.
O'Donnell resigns, and Narvaez forms a
new ministry.
The Cortes dismissed by the Queen.
Spain formally recognizes and forms a
treaty with the republics of Guatemala,
Honduras, Salvador, Costa Rica and
Nlcarauga.
1867· Revolt In Catalonia and Aragon suppressed.
1868 The Queen grants general amnesty.
Death of Narvaez.
Mur rlllo becomes prime minister.
Revolution led by Prim and Serrano,
Sept. 17; revolution successful, and
minis try resigns.
Queen Isabella takes refuge In France,
and Is deposed.
Provisional government organized a.t
Madrid, by Prim, Serrano and Olozaga,
Oct. 8.
Religious freedom, liber-ty of the press,
and universal suffrage granted by new
government, Oct. 26.
Revolts at dlfter ent points suppressed.
The United Sta tes government recognizes the provisional government.
186~ Effor ts to find a king for Spain.
Serrano elected Regent, June 15.
Prim be~omes prime minister.
Outbreaks of the Carlists and r epublicans
suppressed.
1870 E spartero declines the Spanish cr own.
Isabella abdicates in favor of her son :Alfonso; It Is offered to Prince Leopold,
ot Germany, who refcses it.
Amadeus, son of the' King of I taly, elected king by the Cortes, Nov. 16.
Amadeus lands at Carthagena, Dec. 30.
Marshal Prim assassinated, Dec. 29.
~.871 Amadeus enters Madrid, Jan. 2.
Serl'ano for ms a new ministry, Jan. 5.
The Cortes dissolved, No''· 25.
Insurrection In Cuba.
1872 Resignation of the mlnlst•·y.
Carllst war begins.
Serrano enters Navarre; defeats the Carlists at Oroqulta.
Attempt to assassinate the King and
Queen. July 19.
Suppression or Car list and republican uprisings.
1873 Abdication of King Amadeus.
Republic proclaimed.
Defeat. of t he Car lists at various poin's.
Don Carlos enters Spain, J uly 13.
Cadiz s urrenders to him, July 31.
Castelar President of the Cortes.
Tho "Vlrglnlus" affair.
1874 Coup d'Etat.
Mars hal Serrano President and Commander or the army.
Overthrow of the republic.
Alfonso XIII. proclaimed king by troops,
Dec. 30.
1875 King Alfonso lands at Barcelona, Jan. 9.
Vlttorla t,_aken !rom C.arll,sts, July 9.
1876 Surrender of Bilbao, F eb. 5.
Defeat of Carllsts at Durango, and surrender at Pamplona, Feb. 26.
Don Carlos flee s to France.
rr r lumphal entry or A!Conso Into Madrid.
1877 Extradition treaty with the United
States.
General amnesty to Carllsts.
Queen Isabella visits Spain.
1878 Marriage or King Alfonso to Mercedes.
daughter of the Due de Montpensler,
Jan. 23.
Death of Queen Mercedes, June 26.
Attempted assassination of Alfonso, Oct.
25.
1879 Inunda tions In Sevllle, Granada and elsewhere.
Alfonso marries the Arc)1duchess Marla
Christina, of Austria, Nov. 29.
Attempted assassination of king and
queen, .Dec. 30.
1880 Law tor gradual abolition of slav!!rY ti n
Cuba, Feb. 18. ·
Execution of the assassin Otero, Aprll 14.
1881 Expulsion of Don Carlos from FrancP.,
July 17.
1882 Franco-Spanish commercial treaty approved by the Cortes. April 23.
Introduction of a bill to a bolish slavery
In Cuba, June 10.
Heavy snow storm at Madrid, Dec. 10.
1883 Marriage of Infanta della Paz t o Prince
I.ouls, of Bavaria, April 2.
King Alfonso visits F rankfort to witness
German military maneuvers, Sept. 20.
King A!Conso appointed commander of
the Schleswlg-H·)lsteln Uhlan regiment
by German Em·)eror, Sept. 23.
Return of Alfonso· to Madrid, Oct. 2.
• Resignation of Spanish ministry, Oct. 11.
Hervera becomes Prime Minister.
1884 Severe earthquakes In Spain; over 1,000
lives lost, Dec. ?.5-28.
1885 Resignation or the ministry, In consequence of the determination of the king
to visit cholera-stricken districts, June
20.
Terrible ravages ol cholera In Valencia
and other point s.
Spain greatly excited over the occupation
of the Caroline Islands by Germany.
Announcement that of 223,546 persons attacked by chol era 82,619 had died, Aug.

1789 Destruction of the Bastlle, July 14.
The beginning of the French revolution.
The king and queen compelled by a mob,
at Versa!lles, to go to Paris, Oct. 6.
The National Assembly meets at Paris,
Oct. 9.
·
..
The National Assembly/l)'hange the royal
title to "King of the li'rench," Oct. 16.
Clerical property confiscated.
The division of France into 83 departments, Dec. 22.
1790 King Louis accepts the work of the revolution, Fob. 4.
Tl!h~s ~~e:.onor and hereditary nobility
11
Confederation of the Champs de Mars;
the King takes the oath to the constitution, July 14.
1791 Flight of the king and queen from Paris,
June 20.
Imprisonment of the king and .queen In
the .Tullerles; they are arrested at
Varennes, June 21.
Louis sanctions the N atlonal constitution
Sept. 15.
Dissolution of the National Assembly,
Sept. 29.
179~ Flr~t coalition against France.
Commencement of the great wars.
War with Austria declared April 20.
Battle of Valmy; the Prusslans defeated,
and France saved from Invasion, Sept.
20.

Attack and capture of the Tullerles by !1.
mob; the royal family i'llprlsoned In the
Temple, Aug. 10.
Massacre in tlte prisons of Paris, Sept.
2-5.
· Opening of the National Convention ,
Sept. 17.
'£he Convention abolishes royalty, Sept.

21.

1793

1'79!

1795
1796

1797

1799

1800

1801
1802

1803
1804

l.S05

1806

1807

31.

1886 Alfonso XIII. King, with Marla Christina
as Regent, May 17.
1891 Reciprocity between Cuba and the United
States, May.
189S Riotous demonstrations of Republicans
suppressed by the pollee.
Cargo of dynamite explodes at Santander, killing and wounding sever al hundreds of people.
1895 Cuban patriots rise again in arms to tree
their na tive land. Marshal Campos
sent with a large army to suppress the
Insurrection.
1006 l(ing Alphonso Married.
1907 Heir to Throne born.

1803
1809

1810

1811
1812

FRAN·CE.
1769 Beginning of the power of Madame du
Barry.
1770 The Dauphine ma rries Marie Antoinette,
of Austria.
1774 Death of Louis XV. ; accession or Louis
XVI.
1776 Dismissal or Turgot from office.
1777 Necker becomes Minister ot Finance.
1781 Necker resigns as Minister of Finance.
The torture abolished in legal proceedlogs.
1783 Treaty of Versailles; peace with England and Spain.
1785 "Diamond n ecklace affair" occasions Intense excitement.
,1787 Meeting. of the Assembly, of Notables;
controversy over taxes.
1788 The Second Assembly of Notables.
Reappointment of Necker.
1789 Meeting of the States-General, May 5.
The Deputies of the Tiers Etat organize
themselves as th~ National Assembly,
June 17.

1813

1814

Meeting of the Legislative Assembly,
Oct. 1.
France declared a republic, Sept. 22.
Trial and condemnation of King Louis,
Nov. 12 to Dec. 13.
Louis XVI. beheaded, Jan. 21.
War against England, Spain and Holland, declared l!'eb. 1.
Insurrection In La Vendee begins, Mar ch.
Proscription of the Girondlsts.
Robesplerre becomes Dictator March 25. .
_Beginning of the Reign of Terror, May 81.
Charlotte Corday assassinates Marat,
July 13.
Execution of Marie Antoinette, Oct. 16.
Si3go of Toulon; first vlctary of Bona. perte.
The Duke of Orleans, Ph!llipe Egallte,
beheaded, Nov. 6.
Madame Roland executed, Nov. 8.
Vendee re,•olt suppressed, Dec. 12.
Danton ani: others guillotined, April 6.
Elizabeth, sister or Louis XVI., executed.
Robesplen·e becomes president, June. ·
Fall of Robesplerre, July 27.
Robespler r e, St. Just and seventy others
guillotined, July ?.8.
Close of the Reign ot: Terror.
The Dauphin (Louis XVII) dies In prison.
Napoleon suppresses rebellion of royalists
Oct. 5.
The Directory established Nov. 1.
Bonaparte wins the victories of Montonotte, April 12; Mondlvl, April 22, and
Lodl, May 10. Attehklrchen, June 1.
Rads{adt, July 5, In Italy.
The conspiracy of Baboeu! supt>ressed.
Plchcgru's conspiracy falls.
Return of Napoleon Into Paris.
Bonaparte's Egyptian expedition embarks.
Battle of the Pyramid, July 13-21.
Destruction of the French fleet, near
Alexandria, by Nelson, Aug. 1.
England, Germany, Russia, Turkey, Portugal and Naples coalesce against Napoleon, June 22.
Bonaparte returns !rom Egypt; deposes
the Council of Five Hundred, Nov. 10,
and Napoleon is declared F irst Consul
Dec. 13.
Battle of Marengo, June 14.
Great victory by Bonaparte over the Austrians.
'
.
Attempt t o 1<111 the Consul by means of
an Infernal machine, Dec. 24.
Treaty with Germany.
The Rhine made the French boundary.
Peace with Russia, Oct. 8, and with Turkey, Oct. 9.
Defeat or the French at Aboukln, March
8.
'
Peace
with England,
Spain and Holland
signed at Amlens, March 27.
Legion of Honor Instituted.
Bonaparte made "Consul for Life,"
Aug. 2.
Bank of France established.
War with Engla.n.d declared, May 22.
Conspiracy. of 1\~oreau and Plchegru
against Bonaparte fails.
Execution of the Duke d'Enghlen, March
21.
The empire formed and Napoleon proclaimed Emperor, May 18.
Crowned by the Pope, Dec. 30.
Napoleon crowned King of Italy, May ?.6.
Destruction of the French fleet, Oct. 21,
by Nelson at the battle of Trafalgar.
Battle of Austerlitz.
Austria totally defeated, Dec. 2.
Treaty or Presburg, Dec. 26.
Confederation of the Rhine ratified at
Paris, July 12.
Fourth coalition of t he Great Powers
against France; Prussia declares war ,
Oct. 8. .
Defeat of t he Prusslans at Jena, Oct. 14.
Capture of Er!urt by the French, Oct. 15.
Russians defeated at battle of E ylau,
F eb. 8.
Alexander and Napoleon meet at Tllslt,
June 26.
Treaty of peace signed, July 7.
The Milan decree published, Dec. 17.
New nobility of France created.
The beginning of the Peninsular war.
Abdication of Charles IV. of Sl)aln.
Napoleon uefeated at Aspern and Essllng.
Victorious at Wagram.
Entry of Napoleon tnt.o Vienna, May.
Treaty o! VIenna, Oct. 14.
Divorce of the Empress Josephine, Dec.
15.
Napoleon marries Marla Louise of Austria, Aprll 1.
Union of Holland with France.
Birth of the King of Rome, afterward
Napoleon II.
War declared with Russia.
Napoleon Invades Russia.
Great victory of the French at Borodlno,
Sept. 7.
Disastrous r etreat of the French from
Moscow, October.
The Concordat treaty with the Pope.
Alliance of Austria, Russia and Prussia
against Napoleon, 1\:farch 16.
Battle or Leipzig.
Napoleon defeated, Oct. 16-18.
The Allies Invade France from the Rhine ;
the English !rom Spain, unde r Wellington, Oct. 7.
Surrender of Paris to the Allies, March

so.

Abdication of Napoleon I. in favor of bls
son, Napoleon II., April 5.
Napoleon goes to the Island of Elba, May
3.

Louis XVIII. enters P?,rls, May 3.
The Bourbon dynasty restored.
Th-e Constitutional Char ter establlsh~d .
June 4-10.
1815 Napoleon leaves Elba and ;ands nt
Cannes, March 1, and p~oceeds to Paris,
where he Is joined by all the army.
Louis XVIII. leaves Paris ; restoration
or the emplre.The Allies form a league for his destruction, March 25.

1815 Napoleon

abolishes the slave trade,
Mar ch 29.
Leaves Pa:<-ls for the army, June 12.
He invades Belgium, June 15.
Final overthrow or Napoleon at battle of
Waterloo, June 18.
Napoleon reaches Paris, June 20.
Abdicates in ravor of h!s son, June 22.
He r eache• Rochefort, where he Intends
to embark for America, July 3.
Entry of Louis XVIII. Into Paris. July 3.
Napoleon goes on board the ''Bellerophon" and claims the "hospitality" ot
England, July 15.
Upon reaching England he Is transferred
to t he "Northumberla.nd," and sent a
prisoner to St. Helena, Aug. 8, where
he arrives Oct. 15.
Execution or Marshal Ney, Dec. 7.
t 81S The family of Napoleon rorever excluded
from the throne or l~rance.
1820 Assassinatio n or the Duke de Berrl, Feb.
13.

1821 Death of Napoleon I. at St. Helena,
May 5.
1824 Death or Louis XV liT., Sept. 16.
Charles X. becomes king.
1827 National Guard disbanded.
War with Algiers.
Serious riots In Paris.
Seventy-six new peers created.
1829 The 1-'olignac administration organized.
1830 Chamber of Deputies dissolved, May 1G.
Capture of Algiers by the French, July 5.
nevolutlon and barricade of str eets in
Parts, July 27.
Flight and a bdication of Charles X., July
31.
Unpopula t· ordinances passed regarding
t he election of deputies and the press,
July 2G.
Duke of Orleans becomes King Louis
Phillipe I.
Polignac and the ministers of Charles X.
sentenced to perpetual lmprisonmept.
1831 Great riots in Paris, Feb. 14 and 15.
The heredltat•y peerage abolished.
18.32 Insurrection In Paris suppressed.
Death of Napoleon II., Duke of Reichstadt, July 22.
Attempted assassination of the King,
Dec. 27.
1834 Death of Lafayette. May 20.
1835 F lesch! attempts. with an Infernal machine, to ktll the King, July 28, and Is
executed, l!'eb. 6, 183G.
1836 Louis Alibaud tires a t the king, June 25 ;
is gulllotlned, July ll.
·
Death o! Charles X., Nov. G.
Prince Louis Napoleon attempts an ins urrection at StrasbOurg, Oct. 30; Is
banished to America, Nov. 13.
The ministers of Cl1arles X. set at. liberty
and sent out of !<'ranee.
Meunier attempts to klll the king.
1838 Death of Tallyrand, 1\Iay 14.
War with Mexico.
1839 Insurrections In Paris.
1840 M. Thiers becomes Prime Minister.
Prince Louis Napoleon, Goneral Montholon, and others, attempt an insurrection
at Boulogne, Aug. G.
Prince Louis Napoleon sentenced to Imprisonment for lite, and confined In the
ca.stle or Ham, Oct. 6.
Darmes attempts t o shoot the king,
Oct. 16.
Removal of t11e remains ot the Emperor
Napoleon I. from St. Helena to Paris,
Dec. 15.
1842 The Duke ot Orleans, the heir to the
throne, dies from the effect of a fall ,
July 13.
1843 Queen Victoria, of England, vl~its the
royal fam ily at the Chateau d' Eu.
Extradition treaty with England.
11!4S l.ecompte attempts to assasslnat& UH!
king at Fontainebleau, April 16.
I,ouls Napoleon escapes from Har::., May
25.
Joseph Henri attempts to kill the king,
July 29.
:84'1 Jflrome Bonaparte returns to France
after an exile or thirty-two years.
Death or the ex-Empress Marie Louise.
Surrender or Abd-ei-Kadet· to the French
.:342 "Reform banque t" prohibited.
Revolution or February 22, and barricade
of the streets or Paris.
F'l!ght and abdication of the King, Feb.

184ll

-

1200

18!51

T~!· 3econd republl;: proclaimed, Feb. 26.
Tbe provisional government succeeded by
an executive commission, named by
the Assembly, May 7.
Louis Napoleon elected to the National
Assembly !rom the Seine and three
othet• departments, June 13.
Outbreak of the Red Republicans in
Pru1s, June 23.
Severe fighting In Paris, June 23 to 26;
16,000 persons killed, including the
Archbishop of Paris.
Surrender or the Insurgents, June 2G.
Gen. Cava!gnac at the head of the gov· ernment, June 28.
Louis Napoleon takes his ·seat in the
Assembly, Sept. 26.
Tbe Constitution of the republic solemnly proclaimed, Nov. 12.
Louis Napoleon elected president of the
French Republic, Dec. 11.
He takes the oath or office, Dec. 20.
Death of Louts Philippe, at Claremont,
In England, Aug. 26.
Freedom or the press curtailed.
Electric telegraph between England and
France opened.
The Coup d'Etat.
Napoleon dissolves the Assembly and
proclaims universal s uffrage.
Calls for an election or President for t en
o!;t;;.s~s Paris !n a state or siege.

Arrest or the prime minister, Thlers, and
180 m embers of the Assembly.
The Pres ident crushes the opposition,
with great loss of lite, Dec. 3, 4.
The Coup d'Etat s ustained by the people
at the polls , and Louis Napoleon r eelected President for ten years, Dec. 21,
22; affirmative votes, 7,473,431; negative,
644,351.
1862 President Louis Napoleon occupies the
Tuller!es, Jan. 1.
The n ew constitution published, Jan. 14.
Banishment of 83 members of· the Assembly, and transportation of nearly
600 persons for resisting coup d'etat.
.T he property of the Orleans famlly con·
fiscat ed.
The birthday of Napoleon I., Aug. 15,
declared the only national holiday.
Organization of t he Legislative Chambers, the Senate and Corps Leglslatif,
March 29.
The President visits Strasbourg.
.
M . Tillers and the exiles permitted to return to France, Aug. 8.
'!'he Senate petitions the President for
" the r e-establishment of the hereditary
sovereign power In the Bonaparte ramfly," Sept. 13.
'
'l'he Pres ident visits the Southern and
Western Departments, September and
October ; at Bordeaux utter s his famous expression, "The Empire Is
Peace.u
The President releases Abd-el-Kader,
Oct. 1G.
Measures for the re-establishment of the
empire Inaugurated, October and No,
vember.
The empire re-established by the popula r vote, Nov. 21 ; yeas, 7,839,552; nays,
254,501 ; the President declared Emperor , and assumes the title of Napoleon
III., Dec. 2.
:1863 Napoleon m arries Eugenio de Montigo,
Countess of Teba, Jan. 29.
.
The Emperor releases 4,312 polltlcal ofrenders, Feb. 2.
'Bread riots In Paris, and other cities.

1853 Death or F. Arago, the astronomer, Oct.
2.

1854

11!55

1856

1857

1858

1859

1860

Attempt to assassinate the Emperor.
Beginning of the Crimean war.
Treaty of Constantinople{ March 12.
War declared with Russ a, March 27.
Emperor and Empress visit England,
April.
Industrial exhibition opened at Paris,
May 15.
P!anorl attempts to assassinate the Emperor, April 28.
Bellemarre attempts to assassinate the
Emperor, Sept. 8.
Queen Victoria and Prince Albert visit
France.• August.
Birth of the Prince Imperial, March 1G.
Close of the Crimean war, and the
trea ty or Paris, March 30.
Terrible Inundations In the Southern Del>artments.
The Archbishop of Paris (Sil . ur) assassinated by a priest named Merger,
.June 3.
Conference on Neuchatel difficulty,
March 15.
Conspiracy to assassinate the Emperor
detected, July 11.
VIsit or the Emperor and Empress to
England.
Death of Gen. Cavaignac, Oct. 28.
The Emperor Napoleon meets the Emperor of Russia, at Stuttgart, Sept. 25.
Orsini and others attempt to kill the
Emperor by the explosion of three
s hells ; two persons I<! lied and several
wounded, Jan. 24.
Passage of the Public Safety Bill.
Trial of the Count de Montalembert.
The EmJ>lre dh•lded Into tlve military departments .
Republican outbreak at Chalons crushed.
Ot·slnl and Pietrl executed for attempting to assassinate the Emperor.
VIsit of the Queen or England to Charbourg.
Conference, at Paris, respecting the condition of the Danubian principalities.
France declares war against Austria,
and sends an army to the aid of Italy,
May.
The Empress declared Regent.
The Emperor takes command of the ~.r­
my In Italy. Arrives at Genoa, May 12.
Battles of Montebello, May 20; Palestro,
May 30, 31; Magenta, June 4; Malegnano, June 8, and Sol!erlno, June 24;
the allies victorious In each.
Armistice arranged, July 6.
Meeting of the Emperors. of France and
Austria, at VIlla Franca, July 11. Preliminary peace effected, July 12.
The Emperor Napol eon returns to
France, July 17.
Peace Conference m eets at Zurich, for
arrangement or treaty between France
and Sardinia and Austria. Peace
signed, Nov. 12. .
France adopts a free trade policy.
Commercial treaty with England signed
Jan. 23. ·
Annexation of Savoy and Nice to France.
Meeting of the Emperor with the German sovereigns at Baden, June 15-17.
Visit of the Emperor and Empress to
Savoy, Corsica, and Algiers.
The public levying of Peter's l)ence forbidden, and restrictions pla ced uoon.
the issuing of )>nstoral lette>'il. .
_
Napoleon mak~s concessions t o the Cham·
bers in favor of freedom of speech.

The Pope advised by the Emperor to give
up his temporal possessions.
.
1861 The principality of Monaco purcha.sed for
4,000,000 francs by France.
Troubles with the church about the
Roman question.
Sardinian Boundary treaty, March 7.
The government Issues a circular for·
bidding priests to meddle In politics,
Aprll 11:
Commercial treaty with Belgium ratified.
Neutrality declared In the American confilet.
France recognizes the kingdom or Italy,
June 24.
Meeting ot the Emperor and King of
Prussia, at Complegne, Oct. 6.
Convention between France, Great
Britain and Spain concerning Intervention In Mexico.
·
Embarrassment in the Government
finances.
Achille Fould m ade ministe r or finance.
1862 Tbe Mexlcau expedition begun.
The French conquer the province of
Blenhoa, In ·"-nnam.
Six provinces In Cochln Chinn conquered
and ceded to France.
The British and Spanish forces withdraw
from the Mexican expedition.
War declared against Mexico.
Peace effected with Annam.
New commercial treaty with P russia,

1868 Treat)es with Italy, Prussia and Mecklenburg signed.
18G9 Serious election riots In Paris.
Great radical successes In the elections.
The Emperor makes new concessions In
favor of the constitutional government.
Celebration or the one hundredth birthday or Napoleon the Great.
Death of Lamartine, Feb. 28.
Resignation of ministry, Dec. 27.
1870 Victor Nolr shot by Prince Pierre Bonaparte, Jan. 10.
Great riots In Paris, Feb. 8, 9.
D\~;~.very of plots against the Emperor's

Trial and acquittal of Prince Pierre Bonaparte.
The Plebiscitum on change of Constitution; affirmative vote secured for Plebiscite, May 8.
Nomination of Pri nce Leopold for SpunIsh throne c reates warlike feeling.
Prince Leopold withdraws.
Refus al of Prussia to give guarantees t o
France.
War with Prussia declared, July 15.
English mediation r efused, July 20.
Prusslans blow up bridge of Kchl.
The Emperor takes command or the army.
Severe and undeclslve engagement at
Saarbuck, Aug. 2-4. ·
Defeat or the French at Woertb and Forbach, Aug. G.
Strasbur g Invested, Aug. 10.
Battle of Courcelles, Aug. 11.
Decisive victory at Gravelotte, Aug. 18.
Bazalne's army shut up In Metz, Aug. 24.
Repulse of Germans at Verdun, Aug. 25.
Great v !ctory of Prussians at battle of
Sedan, Sept. 1.
The Emperor Napoleon and the French
a rmy made prisoners of war, Sept. 2.
Revolution In Paris, and fa ll of the
Empire. Flight of the Empress Eugenle, Sept. 7.
The Republic proclaimed In Paris, and
the Provisional Government organized,
Sept. 7:
Paris Invested by the Prussians, Sept. 19.
Strasburg surrendered, Sept. 27.
Metz a nd French a rmy, under Bazalne,
surrender, Oct. 27.
Defeat of the French army of the North,
Dec. 23.
1871 Rocroy capit ulates, Jan. C.
Alencon surrendered, Jan. 17.
Par is bombarded by the Prussians.
King William or Prussia proclaimed Emfi.ror or Germany, at Versailles, Jan.

1872

1873

1874

1875

1876

1877

1878
1879

G~~fdt~tress

In the manufacturing dletrlcts In consequence or the civil war
In the United States.
1863 Commercial treaty with Italy.
Convention with Spain for the rectlllcati<>It of the frontier.
Gro ...ing power of the opposition In the
Chambers and throughout the country.
The el ections r esult In the ch oice of
many opposition deputies, Including
Thlers, Favre, Olllvler and others.
Napoleon proposes a European Conference for the settlement of the questions
of the day, Nov. 9.
England declines to join the proposed
Conference, Nov. 25. The French army conquer Mexico and occupy the
capital.
1864 Treaty between France and Japan.
Commercial treaty with Switzerland,
Convention with Italy r especting · the
evacuation of Rome, Sept. 16.
Establishment of the Mexican empire,
with Maximilian, of Austria, as Em-

1880

1881

Malakoft.

Pope's Encyclical In the churches.
Treaty with Swrden si gned.
The plan of Minister Duruy, for compulsory education, rejected by the Assembly.
lJeath of the Duke de Morny.
VIs it of the Emperor to Algeria.
The English lleet visits Cherbourg ancl

•r::e~~ench fleet visits Portsmouth.
The Queen of Spain visits the li:''lperor
at Blarrltz.
Students' riot In Paris.
Napoleon expresses his detestation , 'tle
treaties of 1815, May 6.
Proposed peace conference In conjt.. •
tton with England and Russia for the
settlement of the troubles betweev
P1·uss!a, Italy and Austria. Austria refuses to join In ft.
.,
France declares a "Watchful Neutrality
aa to the German-Italian war.
Napoleon demands of Prussia a cession
of a part of the Rhine provinces.
His demand is refused.
Austria cedes Venetl.a to France, who
transfers It to Italy.
The French occupation ot Rome terminated, Dec. 11.
Congress at Paris on Roumanian affairs.
1867 Settlement of the Luxemburg question
by the London Conference.
The g reat International exposition a t
Paris opened April 1. VIsit of many
crowned heads.
Attempted assa ssination of th e Czar of
Russia, .June 6.
1868 Riots In Bo'l'dcaux and Paris, In March
and June.

7

1894 President Sad! Carnot assass inated at

1895
1899
1900
1901

Lyons by an anarchist.
Caslmir-Per1er elected president but resigned ShOl tly after and Wllll SUCCeeded
by Felix F~; \Ire.
French arm) succeeds in capturing
Madagascar.
Dreyfus case c ·entes great excitement.
Capt. Dt·eyfns pardoned, Sept. 10.
Emile Loubet elected President, Feb. 18.
Theatre Francais, Paris, burned, March8.
Sa.ntos·Dumont wins prize for steerable
balloon, N'>v.

Austri,\-Hungary.
1772 Austria acquin 1 Galicia and other prov-

Inces, from F 'land. '
1785 Vassalage abolis hed In Hungary.
1792 War with France begins.
·
1793 The Austrians victorious at the battles
or Neerwlnden and Quesnoy.
.
1795 T~oa~~~trlans defeated at tl>e battle of

1861 No deputies present from Hungary Croatia, Transylvania, Venice or i strla
at meeting of the Relchsrath, April 29:
The Hungarians demand the r estoration
or the Constitution of 1848.
The new ll~eral Constitution for the empire falls to satisfy Hungary.
Military levy taxes In Hungary.
Entire Independence refused Hungary by
the Emperor, July 21.
The Diet _of Hungary protests, Aug. 20
and Is dtssolved, Aug. 21.
'
The magistrates at Pesth resign.
Military government established In Hungary, In December.
1862 Amnesty granted to Hungarian revolution!ste.
Cessation of prosecutions, Nov. 19.
Ministry of Marine created.
The P~lnclplo or ministerial responslbll!ty
adopted In the imperial government.
Great reduction of the army.
A personal liberty (a kind of habeas
corpus) bill passed.
Serious Inundations throughout the em<,.
plre.
1o ., Unsuccessful insurrection In Poland.
Transylvania a ccepts the constftution
and sends deputies to the Relcbsrath.
German so'l'erelgns meet at Frankfort.
Federal Constitutiou reformed.
18G4 'Jallcia and Cracow declared In a state
of siege.
War with Denmark, about SchleswlgHolsteln; meeting or the Emperor with
King of Prussia, June 22; peace with
Denmark, Oct. 30.
Austria supports the German Confedera~~~hi!~. the dispute respecting t he
1865 Great tlnanclal difficulties In the empire ;
reforms resolved upon.
Concessions made to Hunga ry, and a
~~~~r~~~~i~~d~g:a~er of gomnlng the
Convention of Gasteln w ltb Prussia for
the disposal or the Danish duchies.
Austria receives the temporary government or Holstein, and the promise ot
2,500,000 Danish dollars from Prussia.
Rescript of the Emperor suppressing the
Constitution for the purpose of grantIng Independence to Hungary.
•
The Emperor visits Pestb, Hungary.
Dissatisfaction In the rest of the empire.
1866 Quane! with Prussia, Bavaria, HesseCassel, Saxony, Hanover, Wurtemburg,
Hesse-Darmstadt on the Holstein ques-

179G Disastrous defeats sustafned against
Bonaparte at Montenotte, Lodi, Bads tadt, Roseredo, and elsewhere. 1797 Treaty or Campo Formlo.
The Emperor surrenders Lombardy to
Napoleon, and obtains Venice.
.
1799 Additional defeats a. t Zurich aJU). Bergen.
1800 Defeat of Austrians by the F'rench at
the battles of Engen, May 3; Montebello, June 9; Marengo, J une 14; Hoellt!~.
(
stadt, June 19; Hohenllnden Dec 3 ·
Nassau and F rankfort allied with Ausand 1\finclo--.
'
· '
tria.
The arm!stlc_e and peace s igned, Feb. 27.
1801 Treaty of Lunevll!e; loss or m ore A usTbe German-Italian war between Austria
France agrees to gl ve up Alsace, a fifth
' trlan territory.
enters Silesla.
of Lorraine, with Metz and Thlonvllle,
1804 Francis II. of Germany becomes F rancis
The I talians defeated by the ArChduke
and to pay tlve milliards or francs.
I . or Austria.
Albrecht, June 24, at battle of Custova.
Meeting of the Assembly at Bordeaux.
1805 War with France declared by Francis.
The Prussians occupy Saxony and m Formation of a provisional government.
General N ey defeats Austrians at Elvade Bobl)mla.
Prusslans enter F rance, March 1.
chlngen and Ulm.
Peace wltb Gl'rmany.
Defeat of the Austrhins at battle of
Capture ot Vienna by Napoleon.
Nachos, June 27.
Revolt of the Commune, March 18.
Battle or Austerllta.
Battle or Skalltz; dec isive defeat or the
T~:a:~~ofs~ Jle~o. ~ o.nd capture or Paris,
Coll)plete defeat of Aus trians and RusAustrian army, under Benedek, at Sadown, July 3.
1805 Tr~~Ws·or Presburg.
Tblers e lected President or the Third Republic.
Venetia ceded to France, July 4, and InAustria surrenders the Tyrol ~nd Venice.
Reorganization of the government In
tervention requested.
The French evacuate Vienna.
France.
'
Great victory by the Austrian Oeet over
The Germanic Confederation dissolved
A large part of the war indemnity paid. ,
the Italian fleet, at Lissa, July 20.
·
The Austrian King abdic~tcs.
An armistice agreed upon between AusDeath of the Duke de Pcrsig ny, jan. 12.
1809 Battle of Ahensberg ; defeat of Austrians.
t r ia and Prussia, July 22; peace ot
Commercial tt·eaty with Belgium o.nd
Second ~apture or Vienna, by the French;
Nlcholsburg, Aug. SO.
England abrogated, Feb. 2.
the e>ty restored Oct. 24.
Hanover,
Hesse-Uassel, Nassau and
Death or Napoleon III., at Ch-lselhurst,
1810 Marriage of the Archduchess Marin Louise
Engla nd, Jan. 9.
Fr~n kfort gained by Prussia.
d~Lughtc~ of Francis II., to Nnpoleo~
Austria
retires
from the German Cor.New treaty of evacuation signed with
T.. Apt•tl 1.
federatlon .
·
Germany, March 15.
1814 Downfall of Napoleon.
M. Thlers resigns the presidency, May 24.
Baron Von Beust made prime minister.
Marshal MacMahon chosen President or
1815 ~.'!ft~~orot 1 ~~;{.cigns at Vienna,
T~~ fi3t~f!~r makes great concessions
the Republic, May 25.
Austria rega ins ber lta l!an provinces
1867 A new and very liberal Constitution for
Wa~ Indemnity paid In full, Sept. 5.
with additions.
'
the empire adopted.
Germans avacuate Verdun, Sept. 15.
T~rsh~~:Ubardo-Venettan
kingdom estabHungary constituted an Independent
Presidential term fixed at seven years.
l<tngdom.
Bazaine sentenced to twenty years im·
1825 Hungarian Diet assembles.
prlsonment for surrender of Metz, Dec.
An~~~~sy elected President of Hungarian
1835 D~~~~s o~i~~aMis l.; Ferdinand I. suc12.
Execution of communists .
The Emperor and Empress or Austria
1838 Treaty of commerce with England.
Escape or General Baza!ne, Aug. 11.
crowned King and Queen of Hungary
Ferdinand I. crowned Emperor at Milan.
at Pestb, June 8.
'
Payment of the GerJUan debt, September.
1848 Insurrection at Vienna.
The legislative bod y reorganized, and
1868
The
clergy ot the Roman Catholic church
l?llght of P rince Metternlch, March 13.
two Chambers created.
made amenable to the civi l law.
Ins urrections In Italy, which are crushed.
Passage or a blll for the construction o:
Civil marriage authorized.
~
Anothe.- Insurrection at Vienna.
a tunnel under the English channel.
The State a.ssumes the control or secular
T~~. Emperor flees to lnspruck, May 15education.
Meeting of the new Chambers, March 7.
Amnesty for communists.
1869 Serl<. .·• outbreaks II} Dalmatia against
Tbe Archduke John appointed Vicar-Gen' consc~lptlon.
New ministry formed by Jules Simon.
eral or the Empire, May 29.
Death or M. Tillers, Sept. 8.
1870 ' The Concordat repealed.
A Constitutional Assembly meets at
MacMahon dissolves Chamber of DepuNeutrality declared In the Franco-PruaVienna, July 22.
slan war.
ties, J une 25.
Third Insurrection In Vienna.
Gambetta prosecuted , Aug. 25.
Bitter
contest between national and redCount Latour murdered, Oct. 6.
era! parties.
International Exposition at Paris opened
War with Sardinia.
,. 1
May 1.
1871
Further
reforms In the government InRevolution In Hungary. ·
stituted.
Resignation ot President MacMahon,
Imperial troops capture Raab and defeat
Jan. 2.
Measures
adopted looking to the r epreHungarians, at Szlklszo and Mohr.
M. Jules Grevy elected President by the
sentation or all the nationalities emThe Emperor Ferdinand abdicates In raSenate, Jan. 30.
braced
In
the empire.
vor or his nephew, Francis Joseph.
Gambetta becomes President of tile
Aust ria recognizes new German Confed1849 Sardinia forced to make peace.
eration.
Chamber.
Constit ution granted.
Waddington forms a new ministry.
Old Catholic movement at Vienna.
H ungary declares Independence, Apr!1 14.
Communist amnesty blll passed, Feb. 21.
Rivalry between Slavonlan conservatives
Koss uth proclaimed Governor.
Blll to abolish Jesuit colleges introduced
and German constitutionalists · overTotal
defeat
of
Hungarians
a
t
Szegeden.
throw or Beust.
'
by M. F erry.
The revolution in H ungary s u ppressed,
Prince Louis Napoleon k!lled In Zululand,
A~W'a~~~~ appointed Minister of Foreign
after a severe struggle.
Africa, June 1.
Count Bathyany executed.
M. De Freyclnet forms new ministry,
1872 Change In the Electoral Law.
1850 Convention of Olmutz.
to s ucceed Waddington's, Dec. 21.
Meeting of the Emperors at Berlin.
1851
T~~ J~~pero r revokes the Constitution
1873 Visit or the Emperor or Germany and
Rejection or educational bills of M. Ferr y, March 9.
9
King or Italy to Vienna.
185 TrJ..l b,Y jury aboII 1hed In the Empire.
J esuit, and other orders, dissolve<: )y
International lDxhlbltlon at Vienna,
·;~:;;. uwent. attempts to assassinate the Emopened Jlfay 1.
national decree.
peror.
General amnesty bill passed~ July S.
The federalists defeated In the elections.
Commercial treaty with Prussia.
1874 Reforms In the empire.
New m inistry formed by Jules Ferry,
1854 The Austrians enter the Danubian prinSept. 20.
Visit of the Emperor to Russia.
cipalities.
Elections favorable to the government.
Ecclesiastical laws of Austria condemned
185G Amnesty granted to the Hungarian poby the Pope.
$200,000,0QO loan taken up three times
litical offenders of 1848, '49, by the Emover.
Death of Ferdinand-, ex-Emperor.
peror.
France Invades Tunis, and treaty with
1875 Visit or the Emperor to Italy.
1857 Quarrel with Sardinia, and diplomatic
Bey signed, May 12. by wblcb the
Great tlnanclal crisis.
relations suspended.
republic gains virtual Suzerainty.
Change In the bed or the DanubE'.
The Danubian provinces evacuated.
Ratltlcatlon by Senate, May ga.
1876
New
marriage la w proclaimed.
Visit of the Emperor and Empress to
Austria takes a leading part !n the eastGreat excitement produced In lt¥:i~·
H ungary.
ern
question.
Gambetta enthusiastically Fl!8ij1
£{
1§<!~ War with France. and Sardinia.
Cahors, May 25.
Neutrality declared In Servlan war.
1.,.. Austrians cross the Tlclno and enter
9
1877
Austria
remains neutral In the Turkish
Rejection or semtln de llstoJ.Jf~~oo'Fer­
Piedmont.
war. '
Gambetta pr emier on res lgnlttJ8R
AUstrians defeated at Montebello, May
1878
Andrassy
represents A us tria !n the Berry's cabinet.
•
j'Rli·
20; Palestro, May 30, 31.
lin Conference.
Resignation of Gambetta' s miR!~fg• J •
NaMpoleon III. declares war with Austria
30
• an.
Occupation of. Bosnia and Herzegovina,
ay 31.
'
and war with the former.
Freyclnet Prime Minis ter; res!g11§1
Battles of Magenta, June 4; Melegnano,
1879 Resignation of Count Andrassy.
29.
Juhn e 8, and Solferlno, June 24, in all or
1881 The Archduke Rudolph marries the PrinRejection of vote of credit to proteGt
w 1c 11 Austria suffers defeat.
cess Stephanie, Belgium.
Suez Canal.
Death of Prince Metternlch.
1883 Raab, Hungary, Inundated by the rising
Disastrous Ooods In France, Aug. G.
Armistice between the Austrians and the
Duclerc succeeds In forming a new minor
the Danube; many lives lost, Jan. 9.
allies agreed upon, July G.
1884 Burning of the Stadt Theatre, Vienna,
Istry, Aug. 7.
Meeting of the Emperors of France and
May
16.
Death or Louis Blanc, aged 71, Dec. G.
Austria, July ll.
1885 Meeting or the Emperor and Czar or
Death of Leon Gambetta, aged 42, Dec.
Peace of Vllla F ranca, July 12.
Russia
at Kremsle r, Aug. 25.
24.
A~~~~~ surrenders Lombardy to SarMeeting of Ute Emperor with the EmArrest ot Prince Napoleon charged with
per
or
of
Germany at Gasteln, Aug. G.
sedition, Jan. 16; released, Feb. 9.
Further troubles In Hungary; fears of
1889 Crown Prince suicides, Jan. 30.
Resignation or the Duclerc ministry.
a revolution.
Emperor
Francis
Joseph visits Berlin,
M. Falllleres Prime Minister, Jan. 29.
The Emperor grants Increased privileges
Aug. 12.
'
Death of Gustave Dore, aged 50, Jan. 23.
to the Protestants.
The
.'tothschllds
protest
against the per1890
Passage of the expulsion bill, Feb. 1.
Treaty of Zurich, Nov. 10; permanent
secu~lon or t he Jews, May 11.
J ules Ferry forms a new ministry, Feb.
peace with France and Sardinia.
1891
Austro-GE:rman
new
commercial
t re&t:y,
2L
1860 The Emperor removes the disabilities of
April 2.
Commencement of hostilities with Madathe Jews.
gascar; bombardmont of 1\fajunga, May
1904
Members
Hungarian
House
wrecked
Tbe meeting or the Relchsrath, the great
Chamber in riot, Dec. 13.
16; bombardment or Tamatave, Madaimperial council or diet, May 31.
gascar, J une 13.
Aust ria protests against the annexation
Blockade or Tonquln by French Oeet,
~~r~\~~!~llan duchies by t he King of
September.
Apology offer ed by Pres ident Grevy to
The liberty of the press further reKing Alfonso. Sept. 30.
tained; renewed troubles in Hungary.
Gen. Thlbaudln resigns office of Minister
The Relchsrath granted legislative powof War, Oct. 5.
•
ers, the control of the finances, etc.
Treaty between France and China signed,
1861 Amnesty g ranted tor political offences
May 11.
!n Hungary, Croatia, etc.
France commences hostilities by bomGreat disaffection throu~out the EmMost ot Norway was united under Harbardment and capture of Kelung, Aug.
~~r~h~a~~~~t.by the reactionary policy
old Haarfager about the end of the
6.
ninth century.
Serious outbreak of cholera at Toulon.
The
new
Cons
titution
for
the
Austrian
1365 Albert of Mecklenburg became king of
Langson. Chino., captured by the F rench.
monarch y published.
Sweden.
Feb. 12.
.
Civil and political rights g ranted to
1386 Margaret, the Semiramis or the North,
Peace concluded with China, April G, and
Protestants
throughout
the
Empire,
extreaty signed of Tientsin, June 9.
became Queen of Denmark. This great
cept In Hungary and Venice.
princess died In 1W.

vea

n~:[hr. of Marshal Pelissier, Duke ot
1865 The clergy prol>lbited from reading the

1885 Death of Victor Hugo, aged 83, March 22.
1887 Burning of the Theatre Comlque 100
lives lost, May 25.
'
Fall of President Grevy Dec 2
M.
Sad!
Carnot
elected
P~esldent, Dec. 3.
1888 Remains of Napoleon III. a nd the Prince
Impe~ia1 removed to Farmsborough.
1889 Centennial of French revolution celebrated, May G.
Paris Exposition opened May G
189()
Cabinet, with M. de Freyclnet, March 16.
1891 Russia bestows decoration on Pres. Carnot, March.
1893 Panama Canal frauds exposed, many
prominent men Imprisoned.
Court or Cassation quashed the sentence
of the Pano.ma Canal swindlers, and all
released from jall, except Chas. de
L esseps.
France gives Slam an ultimatum, which
was accepted, June 29.
Mgc~~a{ • McMahon, ex-president, died,

or·

1882

1883

1884

1lt85

:fRJ;

Gopyrlght, 1905 l>Y Geo. A. Ogle & Co.

SCANDINAVIA.

SUPPLEMENT XVIII

r
j

'

- = = =.-..=======:=====;======= = = ==AN
= C
=IE
==;
N=T=, =M=E=D=I=E==V=A
=L=A=N=D=M=O=D=E=R=N=H;=IS
=.T=O
=R
=Y
= .= _=.= =
·===
, ===rzz====== ==========
··
1387 Norway and Denmar k becam e confed·
erate kingd oms , under one ruler, and
remaine d so until 1814.
1407 By the T reaty or Calmar , Sweden j oined
t he confederacy or Scandinavian k ingdow.
1448 Christian I. of Oldenburg became king
and added Schleswig a nd Hols tein t o
the kingdom.
1620 Sweden revolted from the foreign yoke
and under Gustavus Vasa, her fut ure
king, became Independent In 1523.
Gus tavus Vasa died In 1560.
1523 Lu theran r eligion est ablished In Denmark.
1637 Catholicism suppressed and church
lands annexed to the crown.
1611 Gus tavus Adolph us, The Lion King of
the North and Bulwark of ·Protestant·
i sm In Ger m any, becam e king of Sweden. He was an Impor tant factor In
the Thirty Years• War a nd was killed
at the battle of Lutzen In 1632.
1664 Charles XII. became king of Sweden ,
after enga gin g In successful war with
Russia be was defeated by Pet er the
Great a t P ultowa In 1709 and became
a fugitive.
1792 Gustavus III. SAOsasslna Ced and succeeded by Gus tav us IV. The latter be ing
Insane, -was dethroned.
1809 Charles XIII. s ucceeded to the thron e of
Sweden.
1810 F or want of a leg itimate heir, Bernad otte, prince of Ponte Corvo, one of
N apoleon's m a rshals , was elected
crown prince of Sweden.
1814 Norway taken from Denmark and given
to Sweden a s Indemnity for her losses
In Finland by tho allies, and Laurenberg was given to Denmark In exchange.
1818 Bernadotte ascended t he t h rone of Sweden and N orway, wher e his descenda nts are still seated.
1863 Ins urrection In Schleswig-Holstein a nd
Laurenberg, a ssisted by Prussia and
Austria, resulted In the loss of these
provinces to Denmark.
Christian IX. crowned king of Denm~rk.
1872 Oscar II. as cended the throne of SweI
den and Norway.
1898 VIking ship built at Christiana, sweden,
a nd sailed for the World's Fair at
Chicago, April 9. Dr. Nansen, the
Arctic ex plorer , sailed from Ch rtstlana, Sweden, June 24,

1863 The Lower House closed, for the second time, by William I.
German s tates, except P russia, meet at
F ranltfort, and appr ove a plan of fed·
era! reform.
1864 The quarrel with Denmark results In
war with that ldngdom.
Tbe Danes are defeated and ~orced to
s urr!)nder the duchies.
P eace r estored, Oct . 30.
1866 The Gast ein convention.
It gives great offence to the German
Diet .
Prussia and Austria calle d upon to give
up Hol stein, which t hey refuse.
1866 W ar between Prussia a nd Aus tria, and
their respective a llies.
Austria defeat ed.
Saxony a n<l H olste in Invaded by Prussia.
Prussia makes peace with the several
German states .
North Ger ma n Con federation formed,
Aug. 18.
1867 F ormation of the new Zollverein Inel udes Bavaria, Wurtemburg, Baden,
H esse, Darmstadt, a nd Prussia.
1863 South German military commission appointed.
1870 France declar es war a gainst Germany.
Munich, Stuttgart, a nd other cities, de·
clare for union with North Germany.
Ba varia, W urtemburg, Hesse, Darmstadt
and Baden s uppor t P russia.
Invasion of F rance by t he Germans. Unparalleled success of the German
troops.
The Emperor, N apoleon III., and two
French armies m a de prisoners by the
Germans.
North German P arliament opens at Berlin, Nov. 24.
The German empire formed.
The Imperial Crown ottered to the King
of Prussia, Dec. 10.
1871 King William I ., of Pruss!~, procla imed
Emperor of Germany at versailles.
Prince Bisma rck becomes Cban~ellor.
Successful close of th e F rench war.
The Germans occupy Paris, and deprive
. France of Alsace and Lorraine.
Treaty of peace with France ratltl.ed,
May 16.
·
Triumphal entry of the victorious German army into Berlin, June. 16.
German Par liament opened by the Emperor, Oct. 16.
1872 The J esuits expelled from the empire,
July 5.
Meeting of the Emper ors of Germany,
Russia, a nd Austria, at Berlin, Sept . 6.
Bis marck resigns the pr emiership of
Prussia.
1878 National Liber als succeed In the e lectlons .
Troubles with the Rom an Catholic
church.
· Monetary r eform Ia w passed, June 23.
Germany receives the last paym ent of
the French Indemnity, Sept. 5.
1874 Civil mar riage bill passed.
N ew military and press laws.
Attempt to assassinate P rince Von Dismarck, J uly 13.
Bism arck r esigns Chancellorship, Dec.
16. Resignation with dra wn u pon recelving a vote of contl.dence.
Imperial Bank bill adopted.
1875 The
VIsit of the Emperor t o Italy, Aug. 17.
Government aid withdrawn from Cathollc clerg y.
1876 G~~~~ny takes part In the E ast ern quesVisit of Queen Victoria to Berlin.
Trouble with Roman Catholic church .
Inundations In P russia.
The Czar of Russia visits Germany.
1877 Code of laws enacted Mar ch 21.
Second resig nation of Bisma rck; reslgn ation a gain withd rawn.
1878 Attempt to assassinate t h e E mperor Wll·
llam by Hodel, a socia lis t, May 11. A
second a t tempt t o assassina te t he E mper or , who Is wounded.
The Crown Prince takes char ge of the
Emplre.
Death of King George of Hanover, June
12.
T~~s~erlln Conference of the Great PowSuppr es sion of m any n ewspapers and
clubs.
Regency of the Crown Prince.
The
E mperor res umes the government.
1879
Protectionists' bill adopted, May 9.
Meeting of Bism arck and Andrass y, at
Vienna, Sept.
Code of laws passed In 1877 goes Into
operation.
1880 Small states outvot e Prussia, Saxony and
Bava ria on stamp duties. Bismarck
reslgns a third time, and the states
yield.
"New Liberal" party form ed, Aug.
1881 German Relchstag opened, F eb. 16.
The Libera ls s uccessful In the Oct ober
elections.
1882 Im per ial r escript of Jan. 4 asserts extrem e r ights of the Emperor, and slight
. cons titutional
restraints;
rescript
modified by expla nation.
Disastrous tl.oods In Germe:ny, Dec. 6.
1888 Grand celebra tion in Berlin upon t he
twenty-fifth a nniversary of t he marr lage of t he Crown Pri nce and P rincess.
The E mperor a ppoints the K ing of Spain
to the comma nd of the Schleswig-Hois tein Uhlan regim ent, Sept. 27.
Death of William R . Wagner, German
composer, aged 69, F eb. 13.
1884 Con ference of the Great Powers upon
Egyptian finances, Aug. 2.
Germany occupies the Caroline Islands,
Aug. 20.
Death of P rince F r ederick Charles of
Prussia, aged 57, June 15.
Convention between Prussia and Au~trla.
1887 Sept ennate army bill passed March 11.
Ecclesiastical bill passed, April 27.
1888 Death of E mperor W illiam, March 9.
F rederick I II. becomes Emperor, March

CERMANY.
1765
1766
1769
1772
1788
1790
1791
1792
1798
1795
1797
1801
1804
1805
1806

1808

1810
1812
1818
•

1814
1815

1817
1818
1819
1632

1883

1834

1840
1844

1848

1841

1861

1863
1857

1860

1861

1862

J oseph II. becomes Emperor.
Lorrain e ceded t o France.
Convention between Prussia and Austria.
Germany s hares In the partition of P oland.
War with Turkey.
Leopold II. becomes Emperor.
Conference between t h e Emperor &nd
Frederick of Prussia.
Accession of Francis II. of Austria.
Revolt in the R henish pr ovinces.
Prusslans seize Dantzlc a nd acquire
Posen.
Warsaw ceded to Prussia In the division
of Poland.
War with France.
Accession of Frederick W illiam III., of
Prussia.
Prusslans seize Hanover.
Treaty of L unevllle ; Garmany loses th e
Netherlands, tile Italian s tates and t err itories west of the R hine.
.
Fran cis II. re nounces th e title of Emper or of Germany, a nd assumes that of
Emper or of Austria.
Treaty of VIenna.
.
Napoleon establish es t he k ingdoms of
W urtemburg and Bavaria.
Diss olution of the German Empire.
F ormation of the Confederation of the
Rhin e.
Prusslans s eize Hanover.
.
War declared against Napoleon, Sept. 24.
Battles of Auer stadt and Jena; French
enter Berlin, Oct . 21.
The kingdom of Wes tphalia establ ished
by Napoleon.
Treaty of Tllslt between France and
Pr ussia.
Serfdom abolished In Prussia.
N orth Germany a nnexed to France.
An alliance concluded with Austria and
Russia.
The war of Liberation, against Napoleon,
begins .
T he F rench evacuate Berlin, Mar ch 4.
War declared against France, March 16.
Sllesla Invaded by Napoleon, May SL
N ey defeated by Blucher a t Katzbach,
Aug. 16.
Allies comple tely defeat Napoleon at
L eipsic, Oct . 16.
France In vaded by the allies.
Bat tles of Brienne, Creon, and Laon.
Congress of Vienna.
Final overth row of N apoleon.
F ormation of •the Germanic Confe deration.
Ins urr ection ·In Bresl au put down.
The Zollverein (commercial union)
formed.
Anti-r evolutionar y Congress of Carls bad.
Death oJ Goethe, German poet.
Other German s tates join th e Zollver ein.
Thuringia a nd Saxony join the Zollverein.
Accession of F rederick William IV., of
Prussia.
Attem pt ed assassination of the Prusslan
K ing.
Insurrection In Berlin, and revolutionary
m ovements t hr oughout Germany.
German National Assembly m eets In
Frankfort.
The German National Assembly e lects
the K ing of Prussia Emperor of Ger many, March 28.
.
H e declin es the honor, and recalls the
Prusslan m embers of the Assem bly.
Frankfort Assembly r emoves to Stuttgar t .
Austria protests against a lliance of Prussia and smaller German States, 1850.
Treaty between Bavaria, Saxony and
Wurtembur g, Feb. 27.
Par liament m eets a t Erturt.
The German Confederation meet s at
F ran k fort , Sept. 2.
H esse-Cassel Invaded by- the forces of
Austr ia, B avari a, and P russia, Nov. 12.
R eassembly of Diet of German Confeder ation at F rankfort.
Insurrectiona ry plot In Berlin discove r ed.
Revision of the Germ an Confeder ation.
Meeting of a n assembly of th e German
Confeder ation at F r ankfort, at t he oall
of Austria.
Troubles In H esse-Cassel.
The elector rest or ed by the Confedera tion.
Bavaria, &nd other German stat es, m anifest a willing ness to assist Austria
against t he F rench In I ta ly.
Quarrel with Denmark about t he Danish
duchies begins .
F ederal Diet maintains Hesse-Cassel
Constitution a gainst P russi a. ·
Holst ein-Schleswig dispute with Denmark.
Death of F rederick WilHam IV. ; access ion of W illiam I.
National Assembly meets at Heidelberg.
Attempted assassination of the King.
The National Assembly, a t Berlin, declares In favor of unltl.catlon.
Bismarck becomes Prime Minister.

W~helm II. , Emper or , J une 18,
1889 Samoan Agreement s ig ned, J une 14.
1890 Von Caprlvi s ucceeds Bismarck as Chancellor, March 19.
H ellgoland trans ferr ed to Germany by
England, Au g. 9.
1891 The E mpress Friedrtch visits Paris, F eb.
Rigid passport regulations enfor ced In
Alsace Lorraine.
Death of Gen . v on Moltke, April 24.
1898 Princess Margaret, sister of th e E m peror , weds Prince Cha rles Frederick
of Hesse, J an. 26.
·
Unveiling of the s tatue of William J,
at Bremen.
1894 Caprlvl r eslg:lS t he Chancellorsh ip of
the Em pire a nd Is s ucceeded by Prince
von Hohenlohe. ·
1895 Gra nd celebration by Germ an vet er a ns of
the t wenty-fi fth anniver sar ies of Grave lotte, Sedan, etc.
CelebratioD and naval demonstration at
Klel on account of the opening of th e
grea t canal connlctlng the Baltic with
•ne North Sea.
1898 Prince Bism a r ck d!ed, J uly 80.
19115 Great co a.! strike, J an .

PRUSSIA.

I

1780 Death of F rederick t he Great, Aug, 17.
1792 War with France In consequence of the
French r evolution.
Bat tle of Va lmy, Sept. 20.
D1~~!~~ :efeat of tht> Prusslan a r m_: of

0

179S Prussia seizes Dantzlc a nd acquires Posen .
1795 Weruaw ceded to Prussia In t he partition
of Poland.
1791 F roderlck William III., of Prussia, becomes Emperor of Germany.
1801 !?russia ns seize Hanover.
1805 '!'reaty of VIenna.
Downfa ll of the German Empire,
1806 P r ussia seizes Hanover, Posen.
Prussia joins the alllance against France.
Battles of Jena and Auerstadt.
Pr ussia succumbs to Napoleon.
Napoleon Issues the Derlin Decree.
1807 Peace of Tllslt.
Napoleon restores one-half of his d ominions to th e King or P r ussia.
1808 Convention of Derlin.
Serfdom abolished In P •·ussla.
1812 Prussia concludes a n a lliance with Russin and A11strla.
1818 The French evacuate Berlin, March 4.
The wa:r or L iber a tion begun .
Upris ing of t he people.
The "Landwehr" formed.
Battle of Leipsic, Oct. 16.
18H The a llies Invade France.
Complete defeat of Napoleon.
The Prusslans occupy t he F rench capital.
Treat y of Paris.
1815 Congress of VIenna; Germanic Confede ration for med.
Prussia enters the Ho1y Alliance.
1817 E s tablishm ent of the Ministry of Education.
1818 F ormation of t he Prusslan Zollverein.
1819 Congress of Carlsbad. Dea th of Marshal
Blucher, Sept . 12.
1840 Accession of Frederick William IV. , of
Prussia .
·
1844 Attempt to assassinat e the King of P russla.
1848 Revolution of 1848.
Berlin declared In a stage of siege, Nov.
12.
T he Constituent Assembly meets In
Br andenburg h Castle, Nov. 29. '£he
K ing dissolves the Assembly, a nd Is·
s ues a n ew Constitution, Dec. 5.
1849 The German National Assembly offer th o
Imperia l Crown of Ger many to t he
King of P r ussia, Marcil 28. H e declines It, Apr il 29.
Martia l la w decla r ed throughout the
kingdom , May 10.
Occupation of Ca rlsruhe by t he Prussians, J une 23.
The r evolution In Baden completely
crushed.
1850 , The King takes the oath to t he new Constltutlon, Feb. G.
Attempt to assassinate the King, May 22.
Treaty of peace with Denmar k.
Pr ussia refuses to join the restricted Diet
of F rankfort .
Prussia warns Austr ia of h er Intention
t o uphol d the Constitution In H esseCassel, Sept. 21.
The Pr usslan army occupies H esse, Nov.
12.
The Prusslan troops withdraw from Baden, Nov. 14.
T he Convention of Olmutz r emoves the
cause of the trouble, a nd r estores peace
to Ger many, Nov. 29.
1851 VI 1 0 f b Kl
R
1
st
t e
ng to uss a .
1852 The K ing re-establishes the Council of
the stat e as It existed prior to 1848.
1853 Plot against t he government discovered
In Berlin.
1854 wavering policy of the government respectlng the East ern question.
Prussia rem ains neutral In the Crimean
Pr~~;ia enters Into t r eaty with Austrln.
1855 Prussia not a lJowed to take par t in the
Conference at VIenna.
Takes part lu the Conference at Paris.
1856 c
R
t 1 p
r own Prince becomes egen n r usQ sla.
S
1
uarrel w th wltzerland about Neufchap tel. 1
h
1h
~~S:i:r~e11c~~~e~sO:uo~:
claim for a pe1857 · Serious Illness of the King,
The Prince of Prussia, Emperor William
I., m ade Regent.
1858 Pr ince F rederick W illiam. son of the
Crown P r ince, m arrie d to the Princess
Royal of England.
1859 F ranco··I tallan war.
P russia remains ne utral , but threatenlng.
1860 Federal Diet m aintains Hesse-Cassel
Constitution against P russia.
1861 William I. becomes king upon the death
of h is br other, F rederick W illiam IV.,
J an. :>..
National Association m eets at Heldelber·g.
B echer, a L eipzig s tudent, atto!inpts to
assassinate the King.
The King an d Queen crowned at Konlgsberg.
18$2 The National Assembly a t Berlln declar es
In favor of unltl.catlon.
The government defeated In the electlons.
Count Bismarck Schonhausen made Premier. The Chamber Informed by him
that t he Budget Is deter red until 1863;
protest of the deputies agains t this as
unconstitutional, Sept. 30.
·
The Budget pass ed by the Chamber of
Peers without the am endment of the
Chamber.
The Chamber declar es the act of the
Peers unconstitutional, Oct . 11.
Close of the session of the Chambers by
t he King, Oct. 13.
1863 Continuation of th e (J.uarrel between t he
Government and t he Chamber.
The K ing closes the session a second
tl
d
1
h
a Dj,~r1fame~l~o M.i~ ~- govern wit out
1863 Severe restr ictions imposed u pon the
press, June 1.
The Crown Prince disavows participation In the r ecent action of the mln18M vJstry, J une 5; decree recalled.
J'~'ch'T~~~ Denmark about the D&nlsh
Holstein Invaded by P russia.
DeniWlrk port$ blockadt~d.
Denm ark forced to give up t h e duchies,
and make peace.
Treaty s igned, Oct. SO.
1865 Quarrel between the ~overnment and the
c hamber of D eput es over the army
budget.
The budget being r ejected t he k ing prorogues the parlia m ent, an d declares
he will r ule w it hout it .
The K ing a rbitrarily seizes and disposes
of t he revenue, J uly 5.
Convention of Gasteln .
.
Bis marck visits N apoleon III., a t Pa.rls.
1866 The Diet demands the s ur render of
Hols tein by P russia and Aus tria, which
t hey r efuse.
P r usslan t reaty wit.h Belgium.
Attempt on Bismarck ' s life, May 7.
W ar with Austria and her a 111es.
Bat tle of Sadowa, total defeat of Aust r l&ns.
Treaty of peace with sever al German
states and Austria.
Form.ation of t be North German Confederation, under t he leadership of Prussia.
Hanover annexed t o Prussia.
1867 Extraordinary . session of the Pruss lan
Diet.
First m eeting of t he new German Par liament .
1868 Prussia passes the Rhine navigation
treaty.
1870 France decla res war against Prussia.
Prussia receives the s upport of German
States.
JJ'rance Invaded by the German army unCo:pyr ight. 1.05, b y Geo. A . Ogle & Co.

I

1871
1872
1873
1874

1875

1876

der command of King William, of Prus•
s la.
(See Germany a nd F r ance.)
The king of P r ussia elected Emperor of
Germany.
K ing William pr oclaimed E mperor of
Germany a nd crowned at Versailles,
Jan . 18.
Trouble with t he Rom an Catholic clergy.
Creation of the new peer s by the government to carry its measures In parlla·ment.
Tr oubles with the Roman Catholic bishops. The stamp Tax.
Troubles with the Roman Catholic bishops.
The Old Catholic bishops given salaries
by t he gover nment.
Attempt to assassinate Bismar ck, J uly
13.
Ccnfcrence of th e Rom an Catholic bishops a t Fulda.
Religious agita tion In P r ussia.
Govern ment aid withdrawn from Catholic clergy.
New Constitution adopted by the Protestant State Church.
The Ger man made th e official language
In Prusslan P oland.
Deposition of Cath olic bishops In Munster a nd Cologne.
Great inundations In P russia.
(See Germany.)

areat Britain and Ireland
1765 American Stamp Act passed, March 22.
Death of the Pretender , at Rome.
Percy's Rellques published.
1766 Birth of Isaac Dlsraell ; died 1848.
1768 Bruce' s travels.
Aca dem y of a rts founded.
1769 Letter s of Junius.
Wa tt's engin e.
Ar kwright's J enn y.
Birt h of the painter , Lawrence ; died 1830.
1770 Lord North' s ministry.
Cook's voyages In the South Sea.
1771 English deba tes r eported.
Birth of Sir Walter Scot t; died 1832.
1772 Warren Hastings In India.
1774 Suicide of L or d Clive.
1776 Commencement of the American Revolution; (see United States.)
Bir t h of Charles Lam b ; died 1836.
1776 "Wealt h of Na tions" decline a nd tall.
1777 Royal Marriage Act.
Birt h of T. Campbell; died 1844.
1778 Death of the E arl of Chatham.
Relief bill for I ri sh Catholics passed.
Birth of H . Hallam; d ied 1859.
1779 Rodney's victor ies.
Eliot at Gibralta r.
~80 L~~dL~~~~gn~ Gord on's "No Poper y" riots ,
:
Birth of Channing; died 1842.
1781 Tr ial and acquit tal of Gor don .
1782 E ngland acknowledges the Independence
of t he United States, Nov. 30.
Lord Rockingham's second minist ry,
Grattan's Irish Constitution .
1783 Coalition m inist ry.
England wars with Tlppoo-Salb.
1784 Settlement of Upper Ca na da.
Birth of Sheridan Knowles; died 1862.
1785 Bi rt h of De Qulncey; d ied 1860.
1786 At t empted assassination of th e K ing by
Margaret Nlch'olson, (Insane).
Birth of Dr . Chalmers; died 1842.
1783 Trial of Warr en H astings.
Birth of Lord Byr on ; died 1824.
London Times founded.
Birth of Sir H . Davy; died 1829.
1790 Boswell's Johnson published.
1791 Birmingham riots.
Paine and " P eople's Friend. "
1792 F irst coalition against F rance.
1793 E ng land begins war with F rance.
1794 Suspension of th e H a beas Corpus Act.
English expedition to Dunkirk; Lord
· Howe's victory over t he French fteet.
1795 Acquittal of Warren Hastings, April 23.
Birth of Carlis le ; d ied 1831.
Cape of Good Hope d oubled.
P r ince of Wal es mar r ies Ca rol ine of
Br unswick.
Or ange clu bs formed In Lond on.
1796 ' England takes the Spice Islands.
, Birth of P rincess Charlotte.
1797 Cash payments s uspended, Feb. 27.
Death of E dmund Burke, J uly 29. :
" The Anti-Ja cobin."
1798 Battle of the Nile; great victory of
Lord N e !son over the F rench fleet.
H a beas Corpus Act again s uspended.
Sidney Smit h at Acre.
Great Irish r ebellion ; defeat of the
Irish.
Battle of Kilcullen, May 23.
Battle of Antrim; victory of the E nglish.
1799 I rish rebellion completel y suppressed.
1800 Hatfield attempts to assassinate the
King.
Malta taken.
Birth of Lord Macaulay; died 1859.
1801 Union of Great Br itain and Ireland.
Nelson's victory at Copenhagen.
Ha beas Corpus again suspended, April19,
Peace of Amlens, Oct. 1.
1802 B irth of Land seer, paint er ; d ied 1878.
1803 War declared against F ra nce.
Ma hratta I ndia War.
Emmet' s Insurrection in Ireland.
Execution of Emmet, Sept. 20.
1805 Battle of Tr;lfalgar, Oct. 21; victory and
death of Nelson.
Birth of Lord Beaconsfteld.
1806 Birth of W illiam E. Gladstone.
Deaths of William Pitt and Cha rles
James Fox.
1807 Orders In Council against the Berlin
Decree, Jan. 7.
The African slave trade abolished,
March 25.
Death of Cardinal Henry Stuar t, claimant of t he English Crown.
1809 We llesley passes the Duro.
Battle of Corunna, Jan. 16.
" Quarterly Revi ew" founded.
Impeachment of the Duke of York.
Walcheren expedition , Aug ust.
Death of Sir John Moore.
Investigation Into conduct of Princess
Caroline.
B irth of C. Dar win; died 1882.
Birth of Alfred Tenn yson.
1810 The King declared insane, Nov, 3.
Great financial crisis .
I rish agitation for repeal of the union.
1811 T he P rin ce of Wales declared Regant,
Feb. 5.
Suddlte r iots, Nov.
The Roman Ca tholic Board formed by
Danie l O'Connell, Dec. 26.
Bl:fJ~a. of W illiam M. Thackeray. illed
181.2 E nglish storm Cludad, Rod.\rgo anl'i
Badajos.
Lord Liverpool Premier.
Assassination of Mr. Percival , the Prime
Minister , by Bellingham, In the House.
Beginning of the s econd war with the
United States, June 18.
Birth of Charles Dickens ; died 1870.
Birth of Robert Brllwnlng.181~ Peace wit h F r ance.
Peace with the UnUed States.
Birth of Charles Jleade.
Treat y of Ghent, D ec. 14.
1815 France renews war with the allies.
Battle of Waterloo, a nd llaal overthrow
of Napoleon 1., June !8.
Peace with France.
Insurrection In Tipperary, 1:-eland,
Princess Charlotte marries Prince Leopold of Saxe-Cobur g.

1816 ~cultural 'llld Weaver riots ,
·
1817 Specie pa ymenta r esumed.
Ha beas Corpus a ct again SUBll-' ~l!ed,
Death of P r incess Charlotte, Nov. 6.
Trial of Lord Howe and acquit tal.
1818 Birth of J , Anthony Froude.
1819 Queen Victoria bor:a, May 24.
Peel's Currency Act.
Birth of Ruskin.
.
1820 Death of George IlL, Jan. 29.
Cato Street conspiracy dlecovered, Feb.
20.
Tr ial of Queen Caroline.
Birth of Herllert Spencer.
Birth of George McDonald.
Death of Queen Caroline, Aug, 7.
Great outrages In Ireland.
1821 George IV. crowned, J uly 19.
1822 King George IV. visits Scotland.
"Whlteboy" outrages in Ireland.
Suicide of Castlereagh .
1823 First Mechanics' Institute h eld.
Agitation a bout tests a nd corvoratloa
acts.
1824 English-Burmese war.
Death of Lord Byron in Gr e ece,
1825 The great commercial cr isis.
First railroad In England.
Thames tunnel commenced.
Birth of Wilkie Collins.
1827 Lord Canning Prime Minister.
Lord Palmerston Foreign Secretary.
1828 Battle of Navarlno.
The allies defeat the Turkish and Egyptian fleets .
1829 Roman Catholic Relief Bill passed, April
13.
Great Riots In London.
1830 Death o' '3eorge IV. '
William IV. mounts the thronr, June 26.
Ministry or the Duke or Wellington.
Opening of the Liverpool and Manchester
railway.
•
1831 The new London bridge opened.
The reform bill rejected by the Lords,
Oct. 7.
R iots In Bristol, O.c t. 29.
Earl Grey's ministry.
1832 Passage of the English Reform Bill,
June 1.
Death of Sir Walter Scott, Sept. 2.
Passage of the Irish Reform Bill, Aug. 7.
1834 Slavery ceases in the colonies.
Trades union and repeal riots.
Lord Melbourne' s ministry.
1835 Cor poration Reform Act passed, Sept. 9.
Sir Walter Peel Prime Minister.
1837 Death of William IV.
Victoria succeeds to the throne, June 20.
Hanover separated from Great Britain.
1838 Queen VIctoria crowned, June 28.
Irish Poor Law bill passed, July 31.
VIscount Melbourne's ministry.
1839 England at war with China.
Assassination of Lord Northbury In I r eland.
1840 Penny postage inaugurated.
The Queen mantes P r ince Alber t of
Saxe-Coburg, Feb. 10.
.
•Oxford;,s assault on the Queen, J une 10.
1841 Birth of Albert Edward, P rince of W ales,
Nov. 10.
Ministry of Sir Robert Peel.
1842 John F rancis attempts to kill the Queen,
May 20; a second attempt by Bean,
June 3.
I ncome tax established, Aug.
Peace with China, Dec.
1843 Queen VIctoria visits France.
1844 The Emperor of Russia and King of t he
French visit England.
Trial of O' Donnell, at Du blin, for sedl·
tlon, his conviction, tl.ne a nd Imprisonment, and subsequent r elease from
prison, Sept.
1845 Sir Robert Peel's new tariff.
Great famine In Ireland.
'
Puseylte or Tractarlan controversy,
Anti-corn law agitation.
Great railroad speculations.
1846 Repeal of the corn laws, J une 2~.
Great commercial panic.
Food riots In Tipperary.
Russell forms new ministry.
1847 Death of O'Connell, May 15.
$50,000,000 expended by the gover nment
for r elief of Irish sufferers.
1848 Char tist demonstrations in London.
I rish r ebellion, headed by Smith,
O'Brien, Meagher, and others, suppressed, and the leaders condemned
to death, Oct. 9.
Cholera In Ireland.
1849 Sentence of Irish insurgents commuted
to transportation.
~
Irish Encumbered Estates Act passed,
Cholera r eappears In England.
The Queen visits Ireland.
1850 Death of Sir Robert Peel, and t he Duke
of Cambridge. Pate assaults the Queen.
1851 The first " Great Exhibition" opened,
May 1.
First gold arrives from Australia,
1862 Death of Wellington, Sept. 14.
Great riots in Belfast.
Aber deen becomes Prime Minister.
1853 English and French tl.eets enter the
Bospborus, Oct. 22.
Protocol between England, Austria,
France and Prussia signed, Dec. 5.
1854 Alliance between England, France, and
Turkey, March 12.
War declared against Russia, March 28.
Crystal Palace opened by the Queen,
Juno 10.
Treaty with the United States, r egarding
tl.shery claims.
1855 Resignation of the Aberdeen ministry,

1856

1851

1863

l859

l860

186!.

I
1

:z]~·P!:lmerston appointed P rim e MinIster.
VIsit of the Emperor a nd Empress of
France to England.
T he Queen and Prince Alber t visit
France.
Peace with Russia proclaimed, Aprl1 19.
War with China (q. v. )
England at war with Persia.
Hernt taken by PersiHls, Oct. 26.
English take Bushlre, Dec. 10.
Beginning of the Indian mutiny (see India).
Great commercial panic; it Is relieved
by the suspension of the Ba nk Char ter Act of 1844.
Persian war closed by treaty of Teheran.
Herat restored.
Marriage of the Princess Royal to Prlncet
Frederick William of Prussia, Jan. 25.
Derby-Disraeli ministry formed, Feb. 26.
Jewish disabilities removed, J uly 23.
The Conspiracy and Volunteer bills
passed.
The India Bill passed, Aug. 2.
The government of t he E ast India Com ·
pany ceases, Sept . 1.
England declares her neutrality In th e
Austro-Jtallan war.
De rby mln1stry defeated on the r eform
bill.
Organization of volunteer forces.
Palmerston-Russell ' ministry formed
June 18.
L ord Palmerston resigns and returns.
Lord Stanley Secretary tor India.
Commercial treaty with France.
Peace effected with China, Oct. 24.
.
The Prince of Wales visits the United
States and Ca na•la.
Death of tbe Duchess of Kent, t he
(lueen's m other.
Complica tions with the United States
over the seizure of Messrs. Mason a nd
Slidell, from a British mall steamer by
the U. S. steamer "San Jacinto," Nov.
8. They are r eleased by the U. S. government, Dec. 28.
·
Death ot Albert the Prince ConRort, Dec.
14.
Tbe Queen proclaims neutral~t) In AmerIcan war.

I

I
1:

!'

I

~ .J

SUPPLEMENT XIX

ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HIS'rORY.
1862 Great distress In the ~otton manufactur-

1863
1864

l865

1866

1867

1868

Ing districts In consequence of the civil
war In America.
·
Confederate "Alabama" sails from England.
·
Second International exhibition, May 1.
M arrtage of Princess Allee to Louis or
Hesse, July 1.
Prince Alfred declines the throne of
Greece, Oct. 23.
Serious riots in Ireland.
Continued distress In cotton districts.
Marriage of the Prince of Wales to Princess Alexandra, of Denmark, March 10.
Birth· of a son to the Prince of Wales.
VIsit of Garibaldi.
The Ionian Islands ceded to Greece.
Powers as to Confederate privateers
discussed.
European Conference, at London, on t he
Schleswlg-H,olsteln question.
·Cattle plague in England and Ireland.
F enian troubles In Ireland; arrest of
James Stephens, "Head Center," Nov.
11; escape of Stephens, Nov. 24.
Russell-Gladstone ministry.
Death of Richard Cobden, April 2.
Death of Lord Palmerston, Oct. 18.
Import ant commercial treaty with AU$trla, Dec. 16.
Defeat of Lord Russell's reform bill,
June 18.
Resignation of Russell ministry, June 26.
Derby forms his third cabinet, July 6.
Cattle plague continues, causing great
loss.
Princess Helena marries Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. July 6.
Atlantic cable pronounced a success.
Habeas Co•·pus suspended in Ireland.
Fenian Invasion of Canada.
New reform act passed.
War with Abyssinia begins, caused by
imol'isonment of British subjects.
Sir Robert Napier commands expedition.
l•'enlan outbreaks in lreland.
Disraell's r efor m blll.
The Dominion of Canada formed.
Det·by minis try resigns, Feb. 25.
D israeli forms new ministry, Feb. 25.
Ghtdstone's bill tor Disestablishment of
Irish Church passes the House, April

so.

Scotch and Iris h reform acts passed,
July 13.
Dissolution or Parliament, Dec. 10.
R esignation (Jf D!sraell ministry.
Gladstone forms new ministry, Dec. 9.
Successful t ermination of the Abyssinian
war.

1869

1870

1871

1872

The suicide or Theodore, King of Abyssinia, April 13.
Convention on • "Alabama Claims"
s igned ; it is reject ed by the United
States.
Earl Spencer appointed Lord-Lieutenant
of Ireland.
I rish Church bill receives the royal assent, July 2G.
Death of the Earl of Derby, Oct. 23.
i\I easures adopted for the spread of prlma•·y education.
Land bill of Ireland receives r oyal assent, July 8.
Education bill.
Neutrality in France.
P1·uss!an war proclaimed, July 19.
Neutrality of Belgium guaranteed, Aug.
11.
Resignation of John Bright, Dec. 20.
Death of the Earl of Clarendvn, June 26.
Princess .Louise marries the Marquis of
· Lorne, March 20.
Black Sea Confe rence, March 13.
Treaty with the United States regarding
Ala bama claims, May 8.
The I rish Church Disestablishment b111
goes in to etrect.
Meeting ot the Alabama Claims Commission at Geneva.
University tests abolished; army purchase abolished.
The Ballot Act passed.
Serious ll!ness of the Prince of Wales.
Scott centenary at Edinburgh.
Great riots In Dublin.
Supplemental treaty with the United
States concerning Alabama claims,
F eb. 3.
A national thanksgiving for recovery of
the Prince of Wales, Feb. 27.
O'Connor threatens the Queen, Feb. 29.
Settlement of the Alabama claims, Sept.
14.

1873

1874

1875

1876

1877

1878

Continued fight ing In ACghan; Shere Ali
made Governor of Candahar; Yakoob
Khan a ttacks Canda har and repulses
Gen. l:lurrows. July 27; s ortie from Candahar fa lls, Aug. 16; Gen. Roberts r;,lieves Candahar, Aug. · 31; defeats
YakooJ> Khan, Sept. 1.
Resignation of the Beaconsfield Ministry, AprlJ 22; Gladstone forms a new
ministry, April 29.
Compensation for Disturbance Bll! reJected.
Lord Montmorrls shot1 Sept. 25.
" Boycotting" practlcea.
Arrest of Parnell, Healy and others on
charge of conspiracy to prevent payment of rent.
1881 Duke of Argyle resigns from cabinet,
April S.
Death of Lord Beaconsfield.
Lord Salisbury the Conservative Leader.
Sradlaugh excluded from House of Commons.
C~~:clon Act tor Ireland passed, March
Irish Land Blll passed, Aug. 16.
Yakoob Khan routs the Ameer and ent ers Candahar.
P'g~~lh.arres ted under Coercion Act,
Land L eague declared illegal, Oct. 20.
Yakoob Khan defeated by the Ameer,
Sept. 22.
Agrarian outrages in Ireland.
1882 A~~r::'g£ ~~ the Queen's lite by McLean ,
Stste trial of McLean, who Is adjudged
Insane.
Prince Leopold married to Princess Helena of Waldeck, April 27.
Earl Spencer appointed Lord-Lieutenant
of Ireland.
Lord Frederick Cavendish appointed
Chief Secretar y of Ireland.
L ord Cavendish and Mr. Burke, Under
Secretary, a ssassinated, In Dublin,
May 6.
Otto Trevelyan succeeds Lord Cavendish.
The Repression of Crime bfll passed,
July 11.
John Bright resigns, July 16, as a member of Gladstone's Cabinet, owing to
Egyptian policy.
The "Cloture" bill passed, permitting
closing of debate by majority vote.
Fiftieth anniversary or Gladstone's entry
into public life, Dec. 13. .
Prayers offered in the Mosques of Cairo
for the Queen, Dec. 13.
Fire in Hampton Court Palace, Dec. 14.
Arrears of Rent blll passed.
Married woman's property assessed.
Anglo-Turkish M111tary Convention informally signed, Sept. 6.
War In Egypt (q. v.)
1883 The assassins of Mr. Burke and Lord
Cavendish identified, F eb. 10.
Opening of the Royal College of Music,
May 1.
The Marquis of Lansdowne appointed
Governor-General of Canada.
New Parcel Post tlrst in O?eration, Aug.
1.

.

Annexation of territory on African west
coast proclaimed, Aug. 23.
Surrender of Cetewayo t o the British
residents, Oct. 6.
Sir J. H. Glover a ppointed Governor of
Newfoundland, Dec. 19.
1884 New Patents Act goes Into operation,
Jan. 1.
Departure of Gen. Gordon tor Egypt,
Jan. 18.•
The Queen visits Darmstadt, Aprll lG.
Death of Prince Leopold, Duke • f Albany, March 28, aged 29.
Monster reform demonstration In London, July 21.
J ubilee of the abolition of s lavery celebrated In London, Aug. 1.
Serious anti-Salvation riots, at Worthing,
Aug. 17.
Earl of Dutrerin appointed to the ViceRoyalty of Inilla, Sept. 10.
Greenwich adopted as the universal
prime meridian, Oct. 13.
Portuguese fire uron the British ship
Tyburnla, a t Madeire.. Dec. 3.
Anti-Mormon riot In Shef:lleld, Dec. 7.
Attempt to blow up London Bridge, Dec.
13. '

1885

Lord Rea a ppointed Governor-or Bombay,
Dec. 13.
Attempt to blow up the House of Commons. Westminster Hall a nd Tower or
London, Jan. 24.
The fall of Khartoum , and death of Gordon, Jan. 2G.
Opening of the Me1'sey tunnel, Feb. 13.
The reserve forces and mil!t!a force~
called out. March 26.
Thtl revised Bible published, May 18.
Princess Deatrlce mantes Prince Henry,
of Batten burg, July 23.
Death of Sir Moses Montefiore , aged 101,
July 28.
Grant memorial ser vices at Westmins t er, Aug. 4.
Parnell's land blll defeated, Sept. 21.
Queen's Jubilee Inaugurated, June 21.
Irish Crimes Blll passed, July 8.
Irish National League proclaimed, Aug.

Scotch educational bill.
Commercia l treaty with France, Nov. 5.
Serious riots In Belfas t.
Abolition of tests In the Irish Umversitles.
Payment of the Geneva award.
Death of Lord Lyt~on, Jan. 18.
Defeat of the Dublin University bill.
Resignation of the Glads tone ministry,
March 13; ministry resumes of!lce,
March 17.
The Shah of .P ersia visits England.
Passage of the J udicature bill, Aug. G.
1885
War with the Ashantees; Sir Garnet
1886
Wol seley placed In command.
1881
Irish educationa l bill fail s.
Marriage of the Duke of Edinburgh to
Marte Al~xandrovna of Russia, J an. 23.
Celebrated T!ch horne trial, Feb. 23.
1888 F~st White Chapel murder, April 2.
Defeat of Ashantees. Jan. 31, and treaty
U. s. F ishery Commission treaty s igned.
of peacA signed, Feb. 13.
1889 Marriage of Prlnce3s Louise of Wales,
Dlsraeli becomes P rime Minister.
J uly 27.
Reopening or the Eastern ques tion.
1890 Rejection of overtures from t he Pope,
The Prince of Wal es visits India.
Aug. 11.
France passes the English Channel TunSplit In the Irish Parliamentary Party,
nel b111.
Great revival under Moody and Sankey.
1891 N!':rou~·dland fishery dispute, MarchEngland purchases the Suez canal.
O'Connell centenary In Ireland.
u~~:·world's Fair invitation accepted,
Queen of England proclaimed Empress
May.
·of India, March 1.
Battleship
"VIctoria" sunk by the
1893
Bulgarian atrocities produce Intense ex·
"
Camperdown," off the Syrian coast,
cltement in England.
400
men
peris
hed.
Defeat of "Home Rule" for Ireland.
The Duke of York married Princess
Dlsraell raised to the peerage as the
Mary
of
Tee!<,
J uly G.
llle.rl of Beac:msllold.
Manchester Ship Canal open ed, Dec. 7.
England takes part In the Eastern q u,$•
Defeat
of
the
Liberal
party and fall
1895
tlon.
of the Rosebery Cabinet; is s ucG1·eat Britain exprssses her dlsapprov..\ <
ceeded
by
the
Earl
of
Sallsbury
and a
ot the Russo-T urkish war, but decides
new Radical Cabinet.
to remain neutral.
·
Beginning
ot
l.l<h-1' W :H i n So. Africa,
1899
Duke ot Marlborough made Lord-LieuOct. 11.
tenant of Ireland.
1991 Queen VIctori a Died, Jan. 22.
Rejection of Gladstone's resolutions In
King
Edw:Hd VI !. a sce u<ls "hrone.
regard t o Turkey.
1902 Boer W:.r, In Sonth Ah·i<·a,,e t>ded in May.
Russian advance o'n Constantinople pro1995
Pos
t
Oflico
began to receive messages Cor
duces great excitement In England.
wireless trans mission to s hips •~t sea ,
Several chan ges In the ministry.
Jan.
1.
Earl of Leltrlm shot in Ireland.
Beacons fi eld and Sallsbury represent
E ngland In the Berlln Conference.
Great commer cial depression In England.
Britis h Afghanistan war.
1770 Captain Cook, Sir Joseph Banks and otltGeneral Roberts' victory at Plewas Pass,
ers land at Botany Bay and name the
Dec. 2.
country New South Wal es, April 28.
Jellalabad occupied by the British. Dec.
1773 ExploratiOJlS of F urneaux.
20.
1774 Capt. Cook explores Australia and New
Yakoob Khan r ecognized as Ameer of
Zealand.
Afghan, May 9; retirement of British
1777 Capt. Cook makes a third voyage of extroops ; treaty of peace signed, May SO;
ploration.
British residents at Cabul massacred,
1788 First landing of English convicts at Port
Sept. 3; Gen. Roberts r eaches Cabul,
Jackson.
Sept. 28 ; a bdication of Yakoob Khan,
Phllllps, first Governor, founds Sydney,
Oct. 19; British defeat Afghans at
with 1,039 persons, Jan. 26.
Sherpur, Dec. 23.
1789-'92 Voyage of Bligh.
Zulu, South Africa, war; British troops
1790 Dlstress1 O\VIng to the l oss of the s toreenter Zulul and, Jan. 12; m assaor e or
ship ' Guardian. "
Isandula, Jan. 22.
. 1793 F irst house for Public Worship erected.
Victory at Kambula, March 29; Prince
1795 First publication of Government, GaLouis Napoleon, s on of Emperor Napolzette.
eon III., killed by Zulus, J une 1; Sir
1798 Bass' Straits discovered, by Bass and
Garnet Wolseley takes command, June
F llnders.
23; battle of Ulundl, total defeat of the
1800-'05 Exploratlens and s urveys of t he coast
Zulu king, Cetewayo, July 4; capture of
11
1802 F~r;f~~t~e ~Ji ~lchGr:~t~t~nd F llnders.
Cetewayo, Aug. 28.
Great distress and famine in Ireland.
1803 Van Dleman's Land, now Tas mania,
Parnell visits the United States In beestablished; first settlement made at
half of the Land L eague.
Port Ph!llp.
.Anti-rent agitation In Ireland.
1804 Insurrection of Irish convicts repressed.

AUSTRALIA.

1879

~ ==============================================
1812 Americans carr y Queenstown Heights.
11877 United States and Canada Fishery ComDeath of Genera l Brock.
mission, at Halifax, award Canada $5,1813 Americans defeated at Frenchtown.
600,000.
1878 '• 'le Marquis of Lorne, son-in-law of
Capture of Toronto, April 27, and Fort

tor tyranny and sent
home; succeeded by Mac Quar rie.
1817-'23 Explorations Into the Interior of Australia, by Wentworth, Lawson, Bloxand, Oxley and others.
18~ Settlement ot
King George's Sound
formed. ·
1828 South Australia explored by Stuart.
1829 West Australia made a province; a
Legislative Council established and
Capt. Sterllng a ppointed Lieut enantGovernor.
1830 Stuart further explores South Australia.
Fifty ships, with 2,000 emigrants, arrive
In Western Australia.
1831 East Austra lia explored by Sir T. Mitchell.
1.834 Bo.undarles of the province of South Australia fixed.
1835 First Roman Catholic bishop a r rives.
Por t Phillip, now VIctoria, colonized.
1f;3G South Australia a province.
Arrival or firs t Church of England Bishop.
Adelaide rounded.
Eyre's expedition overland rrom Adelaide
to ' King George's Sound.
Melbourne rounded.
1838 E xplora tions or Capt. Gray In northwest
Australia.
1839 New South Wales and Tasmania explored
by Count Stlzelecki.
Alleged discovery of gold in Bathurst
kept secret by Gov. Gipps.
Suspension of transportation.
1840 Eyre explores West Australia.
Stizelecki explores the Australian Alps.
18U Census, 87, 200 males; 43,700 females.
1842 Incorporation or the City of Sydney.
IJ)tscovery or Ute Burra-Burra copper
~ mines, In South Australia.
1844-'48 Explorations of Leichhardt, Stuart,
Mitchell, Gregory and Kennedy.
1846 Fitzroy made Governor-General.
Census, 114,700 males ; 74,800 females.
1847 Bishopric of Adelaide founded.
1848 Lelchhardt s tarts on second exploration;
pa rty never heard of again.
Kennedy killed by natives.
Gregory explores t he Interior.
1849 Great agitation against transportation.
1850 Port Philip erected Into the province of
Victoria.
1851 Gold discovered, near Bathurst, by Edward Hargreaves; Intense excitement in
t he provinces; great rush to t he gold
regions.
1854 Slr Wllllam Dennison appointed Governor-General.
1!!55 Gregory's expedition Into the Interior.
1858- '62 J. McDonald Stuart's expeditions.
Death of Archdeacon Cowper. after nearly fifty years' residence, aged 80.
1859 Province of Queensland established, Dec.
1808 Gov. Bligh deposed

4.

1860 Burke and Willis a nd t wo ot hers cross
the continent, starting from Melbourne
Aug. 20; all perish on the return, next
year, except John King.
Sir John Young, Governor of New South
Wales.
1861 Stuart and M'Klnlay cross from sea to
1863

R!~~very of t he remains of Burke a nd
Willis.

Georg1), May 27, by the Americans.
Defeat of t he British at Sacketts Harbor,
May 29.
Victory of Americans at Stony Creek,
,June 6.
Indecisive battle of Wf!llamsburg, Nov. 7.
Commodore Perry's .vlctory on Lake Erie.
Capture of English squadron.
Defeat of Proctor at the Thames, and
death of Tecumseh .
1814 · United States troops s uccessful at battle
of I.ongwood, March 4.
Defeat of the British at Chippewa, July

1816
1817
1818
1822
1824
1825

1826
1828
1829

1830
1832

1835
1836

1837

1838

1865

1845

1867

1871

27.
1872 Telegraphic communication

with Eng-

land.
Synod of the Church of Austra lia and
Tasmania held at Sydney, Oct. 25.
1876 Wlllsh!re explores Daly and Victoria riv1879

In~~~;>atlonal

Exhibition
opened Sept. 17.

at

Sydney

1880 Melbourne Exhibition opened Oct. 1.

1881

1882
1883

1885

1890
1891
1893
1895

Tahiti annexed to France.
. The Queens land government author to.cs
the construction of the trans-continental railway, t o bring t he colonies
within thirt y days or England.
Railroad completed from Sydney to Murray River, connecting with Melbourne.
Inte r-colonial conference a t Sydney to
cons! der federal action.
Majority vote In favor of a tariff commiss ion and t he establishment of an
Australian Court of Appeal.
Ter r ible minlni accident at Creswick
'l'albot, Victoria, Dec. 14.
Confederation of the colonies and annexation of Papua, New .Guinea.
Opening of the New University of South
Wales and Monmouthsh!re, Oct. 24.
New Sout h Wales contingent leaves Sydney for the Soudan, March 3.
Fire in Sydney causing a loss of $7,600,000, Oct. ?..
Fede ration Convention draft a Constitution for the Commonwealth of Australia, April 3.
Serious floods In Queensland, pr operty
and life lost.
Great panic in the money market; many
banks and business houses fall.

1847
1848
1849

At:~ck on Lord Elgin.
r ubsidence of the agitation.

Cheaper postage rates Int roduced.

1852 Great tire a t Montreal.

Government removed to Quebec.
1853 Clergy reserves a bolished by English
P arliament, May 9.
1854 Close of Lord E lgin's administration.
Prosperou s condition of Canada.
Treaty with the United States, J une 7.
1855 Sir Edmund w. Head Governor-Geneml.
1856 Sir John A. Macdonald, the AttorneyGeneral, becomes leader of the Conservatives.
Opening of railway from Quebec to Toronto, Nov. 12.
The first railway accident in Canada.
Quebec made th e seat of- government.
1867 St ringency · In the mon ey market caused
by the mutiny In India.
1858 Ot tawa, formerly Bytown, made the seat
of the provincial government by Queen
Victoria ; the opposition defeat this
1860 Vl~~~~'r~he Prin ce of Wales to Canada.
1861 Great ftl'e In Quebec, June 7.

Commencement of the civil war In the
United States; fears of host1lltles with
that nation.
Lord Monck made Governor-General,
Nov. 28.
British troops sent t o Canada on account
of "Trent" affair.
Resignation of ministry; Macdonald
forms a new cabinet.
1862 Death of Sir Allan M' Nab.
1864 Delegat es assemble at Quebec to discuss
confederation of American colonies,

c~~~d!~ate

1866

1767 English Stamp Act accepted by CaMdlan
Provin ces.
1768 Sir Gu y Carleton Governor.
Great tlre in Montreal.
17!:!. Homan Cat hollc citizens of Canada confirmed in their political r igh ts and
property.
17'15 Legislative council of 23 members apJ>Ointed.
Commencement of the American War of
Independence.
Invasion or Canada by the Americans.
under Mont gome•·y and B. Arnold.
F or t St. J ohn taken by Mont gomery,
Nov. 3.
Montreal captured, Nov. 12.
Arnold 's at t ack on Quebec r epu !sed,
Nov. 14.
Arnold and ;\Iontgome r y attack Quebec,
Decembel' 31.
Failure of attack and death of Mont1776

I
1867

1868
1869

15.

Su r render of General Wordsworth,
14.

Oc~

.

Van Rensselear capitulates, Nov. 27.
Copyrig ht. 1905, by Geo. A . Ogle & Co.

1879
1880
1881

refugees make a raid from
Canada on St. Albans, Vt., Oct. 19 ;
Canadians arrest them upon their r eturn followed by their discharge, Dec.
14· Gen eral Dlx proclaims reprisals;
order rescinded by President Lincoln.
Parliament agrees to a confederation.
Great fire at Quebec.
Canada Parliament vote £50,000 for defense of the Domlnlen, March 23.
Canada. consQnts to union nf the provInces, April 1.
First Parliament of the Dominion meets
at Ottawa, J une 7.
Discovery of gold In Hastings County,
November.
Terminat ion of the Reciprocity Treaty
with th e United States.
F enian Invasion t hreatened.
Fenians under O'Nelll, cross Into Canada; Canadian volunteers drive them
back and disperse t hem.
Habeas Corpus s uspended.
Mr. Galt ' s new tarliT.
F ormation of the Dominion of Canada
by the conre.J.erat!on of Canada, New
Brunswick and Nova Scotia, March 29.
Lord Monck appointed Vicer oy, July 2.
Canadian Railway Loan act passed, April
2
St; 'John Young becomes Governor -Gen.eral. Nov. 27.
Hudson Bay territories purchased for

1883

1884
1885

1886

1888
1889

1871

1872
1873

1875
1876

the leader, O'Neill, captured by United
States troops.
Manitoba, former ly Ruper t' s Land,
formed and becomes a part of the pomlnion of Canada.
P rince Alfred visits Canada.
British Columbia joins the Dominion of
Canada.
Discussion. of the Fisheries question.
P rince Edward's Is land becomes a part
of the Dominion of Canalla.
Earl of Duffet•!n becomes Governor-General.
Macdonald's minis try charged with corr uption, and forced to resi gn; new
ministry fo r med by Mackenzie.
Rejection of Reciprocity Treaty by United
St ates.
Destruction of St. Hyacinthe by fire,
Sept. 3.
~.

Arrival of Marquis of Lorne and Princess L ouise, Nov. 25.
Industrial Exposition at Ottawa.
Earl of Salisbury refuses compensation
for Fortune Bay artal r; Lord Granvill;!
grants lt.
$75,000 award for F ortune Bay outrages.
Bill to construct railroad from Halifax
to Buziard I nlet passed, June 31.
Patents Issued to Canadian P acific Railway Company, Feb. 16.
.
The Marquis or Lansdowne appointed
Governor-General, May 21.
Sir John Hawley Glover a ppointed Governor or Newfou ndland. ·
Meeting of the Br itish Association, at
Montreal, Aug. 27.
Dynamite explosions at Quebec, Oct. 11.
Opening conflict at Fish Creek with the
halt-breed and Indian · rebels, un d~r
Louis Riel, April 24.
Capture. near Batoche, of Louts Riel.
Opening of the Canaatan Pacific · Railway.
Resolution against the Coercion Bill
passed April 26.
Newfoundland refuRes to join Canada,
April.
Lord Stanley made Governor, June 11.
Weldon Extradition Bill passed, April

26.
1890 Toronto University burned, Feb. 14.
1891 Government party sustained at general

election, March 6.

General census taken April 5.
1893 Ear l of Aberdeen appointed GovernorGeneral, May 11.
1895 School war in Manitoba.

UNITED STATES.
1765 First Medical College established In Phfl-

adelphla.
The Stamp Act passed, In England,
March 22.
VIrginia resolutions against right of taxation, May 29.
,
A congress of the colonies proposed by
Massachusetts, June 26.
Congress of 27 delegates meet at New
York and publish a declaration of the
rights and rules against the Stamp
Act, Oct. 7.
Massachusetts. Rhode Island, Delaware
and Maryland unite In resisting Stamp
Act, November.
1766 Dr . Franklin visits England, and is examined before the House of Commons,
In F ebruary.
Stamp Act repealed, March 18.
Stage route between P rovidence and Boston established.
P hfllp Embury and Captain Webb firs t
Introduce Methodism In America.
1767 An obnoxious tax Imposed on paper,
glass, tea and painters' colors Imported
by the colonies.
Colonies adopt a non-Importation agreement.
Mason and Dixon, sent out by the heirs
of Wm. Penn and Lord Baltimore, run
a line to define the boundaries of their
possessions. It afterwards became the
acknowledged llne between the free
and slave states.
1768 - Meeting of a convention of delegates
called by Massachusetts, at Fanuel
Hall, Boston.
A mflltary force stationed in Boston by
the British government under General
Gates.
1769 The Gover nor of Vlrgfnla dissolves the
House of Burgess.
The assembly of North Carolina dissolved by the Governor.
Goods sent to Boston from Great Britain
refused and sent back.
First paper mill erected at Mllton.
1770 Boston massacre, March 5; British soldiers kill three and wound four <:ltizens.
Repeal of the duties on tea.
1771 Insurrection In North Carolina. against
the governmen t officers by regulat ors ;
r ebellion suppressed, May 16, by Governor Tvyon and six regulators hanged.
1772 The British man-of-war Gaspee burned
In Narragansett Bay by Americans
from Prov idence.
1773 First Amer ican Methodist:' Conference,
consisting of ten minist ers, all of forei gn birth.
Blind Asylum establlshed a t Williamsburgh, Va., the first in America.
The car goes of the tea-ships in Boston
thrown into the harbor by ma sked men,
Dec. 16.
1774 Boston Port Bill deprives Boston of Its
port rights, March 25.
Meeting of the Firs t Continental or Second Colonial Congress, at Phlladelphla,
Sept. 5.
Congress Issues a Declaration of Rights,
1775

C~~~e:cement of the R evolutionary
B~t~~· of Lexington, April 19; British

retreat.
Perpetual Union of the Colonies formed,
May 20.
General washington
Commander -inChief of the Continental forces , June

A~~ricans under E than Allen take TIconderoga May 10.
Generals Howe, Clinton and Burgoyne
arrive from England.
Defeat of the' Americans at Bunker H lll. .
after stubborn resistance, June 17.
Washington assumes command at Cambridge, July 3.
Continental Fast Day, J uly 20.
Falmouth burned by the British, Oct. 17.
Generals Montgomery and Arnold Invade '
Canada; capture of St. John, Nov. 3 ;
of ·Montreal, Nov. 12. Repulse or Arnold at Quebec, Nov. 14; second and
joint assault defeated and Montgomery killed, Dec. 31.
1776 Destruction of Norfolk by the British,
1
Bis~~n evacuated by the British In consequence of t he Americans having taken possession of Dorches ter Heights,
which commanded the harboll, March

n
Washington
arrives at New York, Apr11

£300.000.
1870 Second Fenian raid repelled by mllltlo.;

Tff~mX"~ericans retreat from Canada.

- J une 18.
1784 Settlement or Upper Canada.
1791 Canada is given a con~tltution, and Is
divided into upper and lower provInces.
1792 Firs t House or Assembly opened.
1794 Toronto made the capital of Upper Canada.
1803 Slaver y abolished In Canada.
1812 Second war bet ween t he Un ited States
and Great 'Britain .
· Capture of Detroit by the British, Aug.

R!~~~nslble government established.,
Death of Lord Sydenham.
Charles P. Thompson Governor.
Sir Charles Metcalf appointed Governor.
Government removed from Kingston to
Montreal.
Great 11 re In Quebec.
Earl Cathcart Governor.
Lord E lgin Governor-General, Octobor.
Agitation over the Rebelllon Losses bill.
Continued agitation ove r the Rebel11on
Losses blll.
Annexation to t he tTnlted States advocated by the opposition.
Great riots in Montreal.
Destr uction of Parliament House, Aprll

1850 R eciprocity wit h United States urged.
1851 Construction of new railways.

1865

CANADA.

Bat tle of Lundy's Lane.
Naval battle on Lake .Champlain.
'l'reaty. of Ghent closes the war.
Sir George Sher broke becomes Governor
or Lowor Canada.
Political agitation In Upper Canada.
Career of Robert Gourlay.
Duke of Richmond appointed Governe>r
of Lower Canada.
Antagonism between the F rench and
English inltabitants or Lower Canada.
Weiland Canal incorporated.
l~lrst agitation aga inst the Orangemcn.
Agitation In Upper Canada on the alien
bill.
Mackenzie's printing office destroyed by
a mob.
P etition against misuse of revenues.
First agitation for a responsible government In Upper Canada.
Lord Aylmer becomes Governor or J,ower cana<la.
Imperial duties s urrendered to the canadian Assembly;
The Puplnean party aim at a total separation from Great Britain.
First Canadian railway opened.
House of Assembly refuse s upplies.
Coercive measure ·or the British Parliament.
House of Assembly of Lower Canada refuses to transact business.
"Sons of Liberty" r ise In Montreal.
Commercial crisis in Canada and the
United States.
Troops withdrawn from Upper Canada.
Rebe11ton In Upper Canada begins.
Attempt the captuJ·e of Toronto, Dec. 4.
Totally defeated by St. Eustace, Dec. 14.
Rebels receive aid fro m sympathizers In
the United States.
Atrair of the "Caroline."
Sir John Colborne appointed Governor.

AJ:rr's ~i t he "Anne" and the "Sir Robert Peel." ·
End or the rebel11on In Upper Canada.
Resignation of Sir Francis H ead, who Is
succeeded by Lord Durham.
1839 Union of Upper and Lower Canada.
Lord Sydenham appointed Governor.
1840 Settlement of the clergy reserves ques-

1843
1844

1SGG

21.

25.

1864 General resistance throughout the prov-

inces against trans por tation.
Death of Morgan, a desperate bushranger and murderer.
Cessation of t ransportation t o Austra lia
tn t hree years a nnounced.
Settlement ot bOundary between New
South Wales and Victoria, April 19.
Population of Australia , natives excluded, 1,298,667.
Capt. Cadell explores South Australia;
discovers mouth of river Roper.
Meeting or Convention from Colonies ut
Melbourne, to arrange postal communication with Europe.
Delegates from the Colonies meet to protest agalnst Imperial inte rference with
t heir mutual tlscal arrangements, Sept.

\}ueen Victoria, appointed Viceroy,
Oct. 14.
Fortune Bay outrages.
United States pay Fishery award, Nov.

'

D!~iaration of Independence, July 4.
Commissioners sent by Congress to solicit
a treaty with the French.
Battle of Flatbush, or Brooklyn, on
Long Island; Howe (loss 400) defeats
the American gene~:~als, Putnam and
Sullivan (loss 2,000), Aug. 27.
New York evacuated by t he Americans
and occupied by the British, Sept. 16.
Battle of Whit e Plains; Howe · (loss 399
or 400) defeats Washl·ngton (loss 300
or 400), Oct. 28.
Battle of Lake Champlain : capture or
the American fteet, Oct. 11-13.
Fort Washington ce.pltulates, NoT. 16.
Eogl111h o~~upy Rhode !Bland.
Washington retreats beyond the Del&we.re, Nov. 28.
Congress adjourns to Baltimore. Deo. 11.

-

$UPPLElM1l:NT XX.

lT/C Battle ot Trenton; Washington (loss 9)
defeats Rahl and his H essians (lo~s
1,000), Dec. 26.
1'177 Battle of Princeton; Washington (loss
100) defeats Mawhood (loss 400).
Battle or Bennington, Vt.; Stark (los~
100) defeats Baum and Bremen (loss
600).
Battle of BraDdywtne; Howe (loss 500)
defeats Washington (loss 1,000), Sept.

u.

Arrival of Lafayette, who Is made a
MaJor-General m Continental Army.
Philadelphia occupied by the British,
Sept. 27.
.
Battle of ~rmantown; Howe (loss 600)
defeats Washington ·(loss 1,200), Oct.
8-4.

1807 The first coast ~urvey ordered by Congress.
Importation of s laves forbidden by Congress.
Ell Terry manufactures first wooden
clocks.
Fulton's firs t successful s teamboa t.
1808 Abolition or the s lave trade, Jan. 1.
France orders the seizure and confiscation of American vessels.
First printing office west of the MissIssippi, established at St. L ouis.
First Bible Society founded, In Philadelphia.
1809 First woolen mills started, In New York.
Embargo repealed, March 1.
James Madison President.
Intercourse between France and England forbidden.
1810 132 confiscated American vessels sold by
Napoleon.
First manufacture of steel pens begun.
First agricultural fair, held at Georg'.!town.
·
Porcelain clay discovered In Vermont.
Hartford Fire Insurance Company incorPilratod.
1811 Engagement between U. S. frigate
"President," and British s loop, "Little
Belt."
Depredations on American vessels by
France and England.
Stevens devises plan for platmg ve$sels.
First manufacture of screws by machinery.
Battle of Tippecanoe; Gen. Harrison defeats Tecumseh, Nov. 7.
Reparation made by the British for the
· attack on the "Chesapeake."
Great earthquake at New Madrid, Mo.
Astor's fur company establishes post ot
Astoria.
Breech loading rlfies Invented.
1812 Embargo laid for ninety days.
Louisiana admitted Into the Union.
Congress levies a tax of $8,000,000.
Additional force of 85,000 men authorized.
I;>etachment of militia, not exceeding
100,000 men, authorized. War declared against Great Britain,
June 12.
British orders In council revoked, June
23.
Van Horne defeated, Aug. 5.
Defeat of Miller, Aug. 8.
Gen. Hull Invades Canada, July 12; surrenders Mackinaw, July 17.
Hull surrenders Detroit with 2,600 men,
Aug. 16.
The "Alert," a British ship or war,
captured by the "Essex," Aug. 13.
The " Guerrlere," a British frigate,
captured by the "ConstitUtion" (" Old
Ironsides"), Capt. Hull, Aug. 19.
Gen. Harrison takes command of the
Northwestern army.
Queens town attacked, unsuccessfully, by
the Americans, Oct. 13.
The "Frolic," a British ship, captured
by the U. S. sloop of war "Wasp."
Both vessels afterwards taken by the
"Polcthirs." a British 74.
The "Macedon fan.," a British frigate,
captured by the "United States," Comm odore Decatur, Oct. 25.
The "Java," a British frigate captured
by the " Constitution," Capt. • Bainbridge, Dec. 29.
1813 At the River Raisin,. the British and
Indians surprise and defeat Winchester.. Most of the Americans were massacred by the Indians, who were left
unprotected by G~n. Proctor, July 13.
The "Peacock," a British ship, captured
by the "Hornet," Feb. 28.
The Inauguration of James Madison as
President, March 4.
The Creek Indians subdued by Gen.

Second battle, near Stllhvater; Gen.
Gates (loss 350) defeats Burgoyne (loss
600), Oct. 7.
Surrender or Burgoyne, at Saratoga, with.
5, 752 men, to Gates, Oct. 17.
Articles of Confederation adopted by Congress, Nov. 16.
American Independence recognized by
France, Dec. 16.
1778 Treaty with France concluded, Feb. 6.
Philadelphia evacuated by the British,
June 18.
Battle or Monmouth; Washington (loss
280) defeats Clinton (lollS 400), June 26.
Massacre of Wyoming Valley, July 3.
Count d'Estalng, with twelve ships of
the line, six frigates, and French
troops, arrives.
·
Battle on Rhode I sland; Sullivan (loss
211) defeats Plgot (loss 260), Aug. 29.
AmerlclUls retreat from Rhode Island,
Aug. 30.
Sa.vanna.h •elzed by the British, Dec. 29.
Repulse of Americans at Briar Creek,
March 3.
1'179 New Haven plundered by the Brltlah,
July 5. .
Falrfteld and Green Farms, In Connecticut, taken · by the British, ,Tuly 7.
Stony Point taken by the Americans,
July 16.
Charlestonl S. C., surrendered to rhe
· British, l'fay 12.
Battle of Camden, ::t. C. ; Cornwallis (loss
326) defeats Gene1·a1 Gates (loss 730),
Aug. 16.
Benedict Arnold betrays and deserts his
country.
.
Major Andre captured, Sept. 23, and
hung as a spy, Oct. 2.
1781 Battle or Cowpens; American General
Morgan (loss 72) defeats Tarleton (loss
800), Jan. 17.
Assembling or Congress, March 2, articles of Confederation having been ratified by all the States.
Defeat of General Greene by Cornwallis,
at Guutord.
Battle of Eut\).w Springs; General Greene
(loss 555) defeats Stewart (loss 1,100),
Sept. 8.
The traitor, Arnold, burns New London,
Sept. 6.
Surrender of Lord Cornwa11!s, at York- town, with 7,073 men, to Washlngt~n.
Oct. 19.
1782 Independence of the United States
acknowledged by Holland, April 19.
1783 Independence acknowledged by Sweden,
Denmark, Spain and Prussia.
Armistice with Great Britain, Jan. 20.
Peace with Great Britain, at Treaty <>f
Parts, Sept. 23.
New York evacuated, Nov. 26.
Resignation of General Washtn$n, Dec.
23.
1784 Treaty of peace ratified by Congress,
Jan. 4.
1786 John Adams sent to England as ftrst
Ambassador from the United States.
1786 Cotton Introduced Into Georgia.
Shay's rebellion In Massachusetts.
T~!c~~~rlcan coast blockaded by the
Delegates assemble at Annapolis, and
recommend a Convention to revise arD::fug~iween Gen. Jackson and Col.
ticles of Confederation.
Benton.
1787 Meeting of Convention at Philadelphia,
York (now Toronto) In Upper Canada,
George Washington presiding.
taken by the Americans, under Gen.
Constitution of the United States adoptPike, who was killed, April 27.
ed, Sept. 17.
•
The "Chesapeake" frigate taken by the
1788 Constitution ratifted by all the States
British frigate "Shannon," June 1.
except Rhode Island and North CaroFirst rolling mill at Pittsburgh.
lina.
Stereotyping first Introduced Into AmerEmancipation of slaves by the Quakers
Ica.
of Phlladelphla.
, Death of Capt. Lawrence, of the "Ch~a­
1789 First Congress meets at New York.
peake."
George Washington elected first :PresiBa.ttle of Fort George, May 27.
dent of the United States.
British attack on Sackett's Harbor reNorth Carolina ratiftes the Constitution.
pulsed, May 28.
1790 Death of Benjamin Franklin, April 17.
Forts Meigs and Stephenson attacked
Rhode Island ratlftes the Constitution.
by the Brlllsh and Indians.
Hamilton's financial schemes proposed.
The U. S. br.lg "Argus" taken by 1he
1791 Bank of the United States established, I
British sloop "Pelican," Aug. 14.
at Philadelphia.
The Blrl.t.lsh brill "Boxer" capt\U'ed by
Vermont admitted as. the fourteenth
the u. S. brig 'Enterprise," Sept. 4.
State.
The British fieet, 63 guns, on L11ke Erie,
Indians defeat St. Clair.
captured by the American Heet, 66
17&2 Kentucky admitted as the fifteenth
guns, under Commodore Perry, Sept.
State.
The Columbia river discovered by CapMi~sacre or Fort Mimms, Ala., by the
tain Grey.
Indians, Aug. 30.
Washington City chosen as the capital of
Battle of Williams burg, Nov. 11.
the republic.
Burning of Newark, Canada, Nov. 12.
17tl Invention of the cotton gin by Whitney,
Bufl'alo burned by the British, Dec. 13.
resulting In the revolutionizing of the
The British capture Fort Niagara, nee.
culture of cotton.
Trouble with the French Ambassador,
29.
Niagara
frontier ravaged by the Brittsh ,
Genet.
17!U Washington's second term as President
GPn~cH!~rlson. after having crossed Jnto
begins.
Canada, defeats a nd disperses the
Whisky r ebellion In Pennsylvania.
British army under Gen. Proctor, near
France recalls Genet.
the River Thames; .death of Tecumseh,
Jay's treaty with Great Britain.
1795 Congress rattftes Jay's treaty.
Oct. 5.
1796 Tennessee admitted as the sixteenth
1814 The frigate "Essex" captured, at ValState.
paraiso, by two British vessels.
Resignation of George Washington.
Battle of Horse Shoe Bend, March 20.
1'791 John Adams Inaugurated as President.
The "Epervler ." a British vessel, capTreaty with France annulled.
tured by tho "Peacock," April 29.
1798 War with France threatened.
Oswego bombarded and taken by the
1799 Death of Washington, at Mt. Vernon,
British, May 6.
Dec. 14• .
The "Reindeer," a British vessel, captured, by the "Wasp, " June 25.
1800 The Government remove<\_ from PhilaFort Erie <'Aptured bY the Americans
delphia to Washington.
under Gen. Brown, July 3.
Treaty signed wfth France.
Battle of Chippewa.
_
General Bankruptcy Law passed.
Brown defeats Drummond, July 5.
:t801 Inauguration of Thomas Jefferson as
Battle
of
Bridgewater,
Lundy's
Lane.
President.
Brown and Scott defeat Drummond and
New York Evening Post established.
Rial,
July
25.
War with Tripoli commenced, June 10.
The British bombard Stonington, Conn.,
Death of Benedict Arnold, June 14.
Aug. 9.
38011 Ohio admitted a.'l the seventeenth State.
Battle of Fort Erie, Aug. 15.
Port of New Orleans closed by Spain,
Battle
of Bladensburg.
and American vessels forbidden to
British General, Ross, defeats Winder,
pass down Mississippi river.
180S Louisiana purchased from the French;
B;}~;b. ~~ter Washington, and burn the
$15,000 000 paid.
public buildings.
Pianos ftrst manufactured at Boston.
Alexandria taken by the British, Aug. 29.
1804 Aaron Burr· kills Alexander Hamilton in
The "Avon," a British vessel, captured
a duel July U.
by the "Wasp," Sept. 1.
Frigate I'Prestdent" destroyed at Tripoli
Attack on Fort Bower (now Morgan)
by Decatur, Feb. 4.
.
Ala., Sept. 5.
Fort Dearborn, present site of Ch1cago,
The British fteet on Lake Champlain, 95
built.
·
guns, Commodore Downie, captured
Lewis & Clark's expedition starts across
by the American fieet, or 86 guns, Comthe plains.
modore MacDonough, and their army
1806 Treaty of peace with Tripoli, Jan. 4.
defeated at Plattsburg, by Gen. MaIce ftrst becomes an article or commerce.
cemb, Sept. 11.
Seizure ef a:rmed American vessels by
British expelled from Pensacola, by Sack•
England.
son, Nov. 7.
Lewis and Clark arrive at mouth of the
Battle on Lake Borgue, La.bDec. 14.
Columbia river.
Battle below New Orleans, ec. ~.
1806 American commerce affected by blockade
Jethro Wood patents his own plow.
Perkins makes first steel plate~ fer eB•
of French and English coastll.
graving.
180':' British vesael:s ordered to leave U!l.lt1!11
~assacre at Fort Dearbtnl, (Chlcap) liT
T:;~~Y! ~,i~reEngtand rllSpectlng~ 1he
Indians.
Attack on Baltimore.
rights of neutrals.
Bombardment
of Fort McHenry.
.
Attack on the America.II ship "ChesaBrlt\sf\ defeated, and Gen. Roll killed,
peake," b:y the Brlt!Rto Rhlp, "Leo·
Sept.
14.
pard," June 22.
Treaty of peace wlth Qreat Britain
Embargo on American ~- 1ps declared,
signed, at Ghent, Dec. !f.
Dec. 2~.
Acquittal ot Aaron Burr on charge ot
1815 Battle ot New Orleans.
conspiracy.
Defeat of the British, with the loss of

their. leade r, Gen. Pnckenham, by Gen.
Jackson , Jan. 8.
Capture or the frigate " President" by
the British squadron, Jan. 16.
Treaty of Ghent rat~Hed by the Senate,
Feb. 17.
" Constitution" captures the "Cyane"
and uLevani:.," Feb. 20.
War declared with Algiers.
rhe "Penguin" captured by the "Hornet," Marcn 23.
Commodore Decatur sent against Algiers.
Decatur captures Algerlne frigate, June
17.
Hunt ftrst manufactures axes.
'ferrUle gale and fiood In New England,
Sept, 23.
1816 Indiana admitted as a State.
Second United States bank chartered.
Steam ftrst applied to paper making.
Election of James Monroe, President.
Mrs. Emma Willard opens her girls'
school at Troy.
This was known as the yeA.l' without a
summer.
1817 Illinois admitted Into the U· lvn.
Pensions granted revolutionary soldiers.
J~~:g~~~bdues Indians \n Georgia and
Erie Canal commenced.
Mississippi admitted Into the Union.
Harper Bros. publishing house founded.
Clyme r Invents Columbian printing
press.
New England Deaf and Dumb Asylum
founded.
illts Foundation of the new Capitol laid, at
Washin-gton, Aug. 24.
Pensacola, Fla., captured from the
Soanlsh. by J ackson.
1819 Tho "E!nvannah," tho first steam packet
that cro~ses t he Atlantic, makes a voyage to Liverpool.
The ftrst permanent t.odge of Odd Fellows founded , In .Baltimore, April 26.
Alabama admitted Into th.: Union, Dec.
14.
1820 Passage of tho Missouri Compromise.
Florida ceded to the United st..tes by
Spain for $5,000,000.
Maine admitted Into tho Union, March 15.
Heated discussion In Congress on the
slavery question.
Percussion caps tor guns first Introduced.
Re-election of James Monroe as President.
~etroleum ftrst discovered In Ohio.
macadamized roads ftrst Introduced.
Death of Daniel Boone.
1821 Mi~~ourl admitted Into the Union, Aug.

1832

]lfcxi<'O, Au:;. 18.

Commodore Stockton blockades Mexican
ports on Pacific coast.
Monterey taken by Gen. Taylor, Sept. 24.
Eight days' armistice granted.
California expedition, under Stephenson
sails !rom Xew York, Sept. 2G.
'
T~~t~c'21i. Mexico, bombarded by Perry,

1835

TamiJico taken by Gen. Conner, Nov. 14.
Kearney defeats l\1extcans at San Pasqual, Dec. 6.
Col. Doniphan defeats. Mexicans at Brazlto, Dec. 25.
Gen. Taylor relieved by Gen. Scott.
The Mormons driven from Nauvoo, Ill.
Iowa admitted as a State.
1847 Kearney victorious at San Gabriel and
Mesa, Cal., Jan. 8, 9.
Mexican Congress resolves to raise loan
of $15,000,000 on property of the clergy,
Jan. 8.
Revolt of Mexicans In New Mexico
against United States, Jan. 14.
Defeat ot Insurgents at Canada, New
Mexico, Jan. 24.
Battle of Buena Vista, Feb. 23; Taylor
defeats Santa Anna.
Battle of Sacramllnto; defeat of MexIcans, Feb. 28.
Gen. Kearney declares California a part
of the United States, March 1.
Vera Cruz taken by army and navy,
March 28.
Alvarado capitulates, April 2.
Battle or Cerro Gordo, April 8; Scott
defeats Mexicans ; a lso at Contreras,
Aug. 20.
Molino del R ey talten. Sept. 8.
Gen. Scott enters the city of Mexico,
Sept. 15.
1848 Death of John Quincy Adams, Feb. 21.
Gold discovered In California, March.
O~?s'::d.Communlty, New York, estab-

1836

WJ~:onsln admitted Into the Union, May

1834

Jackson takes possession ot F lorida, July
21.

Burnett first Introduces lithography.
Straw hats first made from American
straw.
1822 The United States acknowledge the Independence of the South American Republics.
First English firm In California opens
house at Monterey.
Death of MnJ.-Gen. Stark. .
First cotton mill built In Lowell.
Elliott makes firs t platrorm scales.
War with the Cuban pirates.
~as ftrs t successfully Introduced In Boston.
,
1823 The Monroe doctrine, June 18.
First gas company In New York.
First teachers' seminary opened In Concord, Vt.
182( The principles of R obert Owen preached.
Pins ftrst made by machinery.
·
ll'lrst reformatory school founded In New
York.
~
Act passed to protect and encourage cotton manufactures.
Convention with Great Britain to suppress s lave trade, March 13.
Convention with Russia In relation to
northwest boundary, April 6.
Arrival of Lafayette on a visit to the

1837

1838

1840

u. s.

lllectl.on of John Quincy Adams as President.
1826 The Capitol at Waahlngton completed.
First edge tool manufactory established.
Smith, a trapper, performs the ftrst overland Journey to California, and found
Folsom.
Departure of I..afayette for France,
Sept. 7.
1826 Deaths of Thomas Jet!erson and John
Adams.
Convention with Great Britain concernIng Indemnities.
Fiftieth anniversary or American Independence, July 4.
.Jreat anti-mason excitement.
Abduction ot William Morgan.
Baron Von Humboldt visits the United
States.
Opening of the Erie Canal, Oct. 26.
Duel between Henry Clay and John
Randolph.
Delano' s first fire-proof safes.
182? Treaty with Creek Indians concluded.
Treaty with the Kansas Indians, and the
great and little Osages.
Treaty with the Republic of Colombia.
Continued Intense excitement over the
"Morgan affair".
First railroad built at Quincy, Massachusetts, and operated by horse power.
1828 Passage of the Protective Tariff Bill.
Sandpaper and emery first made.
First locomotive Introduced from England, by the Delaware and Hudson
Canal Company.
Baltimore and Ohio r ailroad commenced.
Congress makes provision tor officers of
the revolutionary war.
Democrn.t and Republlcan first chosen
by their respective political parties.
General Jacks on elected President.
Trea ty of Peace with Brazil and Buenos
Ayres.
Planing mill first patented.
1829 Andrew Jackson. President, opposes the
project to recharter the Bank of the
United States.
Independence of Mexico r ecognized.
Webster' s great speech In Congress, Jan.
26.
.
' VIrginia passes resolution against Tariff
bill.
First Asylum for the Blind established.
First H orticultural Society formed.
Removal of 700 officeholders by Jackson.
1830 Commercial treaty with Turkey.
South Carollna aaserts "States Rights".
The Mormon church founded by Joseph
Smith, April G.
Bu!ldlng of the South Carolina railroad.
American Institute of Learning founded.
Great debate between Webster ond
Hayne.
1831 Intense Tariff and Free trade excitement.
Garrison starts the "Liberator" antislavery paper.
Death of James Monroe, July 4.
Manning mowing machines patented.
Guthrie discovers chloroform.
Howe invents first.practlcal pin machine.
Buttons first made by machinery.
Western College of Teachers establlshod.
:18111 President Jackson vetoes t he Bank Bill.
New protective tariff measure passed.
South Carolina nulllftcatlon movement.
U. S. frigate "Potomac," attacks Qualla
Batoo, Feb. 6.
·Ftrst case of asiatic cholera In U. S.
June 21.
Black Hawk war, and his capture, Aug.
?:(.

University of New York organized, Sept.
26.
,
Re-election of Andrew Jackson as President.
Death of Charles Carroll. last surviving
signer of Declaration of Independence.
t::opxrll:"ht. 19..6, by Geo. A. 01:"1e & Co,

1846 Gen. Kearney takes possession of New

1841

1843

1844

1845

1846

Missouri Compromise repealed.
Election of Zachary 1'aylor as President.
Corner stone of Washington Monument
laid.
Oregon Territorial bill passed, Aug. 13.
First receipt of California gold at United
States mint, Dec. 8.
Treaty ·stgned with Mexico, Feb. 2.
Upper Calltornla ceded to Unlte<l States.
Mexicans unsuccessfully besiege Pueblo,
held by Americans, Sept. 13 to Oct. 12.
Huamantta taken by Americans, Oct. 9.
Guyannes captured, Oct . 20.
Great excitement at Rochester, N. Y.,
caused by "Spirit rappings."
Food sent to starving Ireland.
.
Los Angeles, Cal. , taken by KearnP.y,
and a system of government organized.
·
1848 Great fire In St. Louis.
Prot. Webster murders Dr. Parkman,
Nov. 23.
United States gold dollar first coined.
Cal!tornla adopts a constitution prohlb
ltlng slavery.
Deat h of James K. Polk, Juno 15.
1849 Filibustering expeditions against Cu '
forbidden by the President.
Visit of Father Mathew, the tempera .,,.
advocate.
Capt. Minle Invents the Mlnle colll .,..
bullet.
&!ason and Dixon's line surveyed.
Cholera visits the United Stat.e• Levere
at Cincinnati and St. Lout£
,
Callfornle. Constitution form~d at Monterey.
Great riot at Astor Place Opera Hou ~e.
New York.
1850 Treaty with England for a transit way
across Panama.
·French Ambass&.Jor dismissed from
Washington.
Death of John C. Calhoun, M trch 31.
Congress passes the Oregon Donation
Law.
Uncle Tom's Cabin ftrst published.
Watches first made by machinery.
Fugitive Slave Law passed.
Death of Zachar y Taylor, July 9.
Grinnell Arctic Expedition sails.
California admitted as a Free State,
Sept 9.
New Mexico and Utah organized as territories, Sept. 9.
Visit of Jenny Lind to America, ::sept. 12.
Dahlgren Invents the cast-•ron gun.
1851 Appearance of the great sea serpent.
Completion or Erie railroad.
Corner-stone of Capitol extension laid,
July 4.
First Asylum for Idiots established In
New York.
California VIgilance Committee formed.
American yacht victorious at r egatta In
London, Eng.
Frightful catastrophe at public school
building, New York.
Congressional Library destroyed bY._flre,
Dec. 24.
1852 Dispute with ,..,ngland about the fisheries.
Expedition to Japan, under Com. Perry.
First s treet-railway In New York.
Deaths of Henry Clay, June 26, and
Daniel Webster, Oct. 24.
Treaty of Commerce with Chill.
Branch mint established In San Francisco.
Franklln Pierce elected President.
1853 Crystal Palace, New York, opened.
Treaty with Mexico, for purchase of
Arizona.
Treaty with Russia.
Explorations for a transcontinental railway.
~
Yellow fever In New York.
Ch!ldren's Aid Society, New York,
founded.
Walker's filibustering expedition to Sonora, .Mexico.
Commercial 'l'reaty with Japan signed,
March 31. ·
American, or Know-Nothing Socl2ty
formed.
Loss of the steamshLp Arctic.
Cubans seize American mall-steamer
Black W arrior, Feb. 28.
First railway from Lake Michigan to the
Mississippi, the Rock Island.
American ship "Cayne" bombards GrAYtown, Central America, on refusal to
pay for property destr oyed, June 12.
Invention of the Iron TO\Yer for Ironclad vessels, by Ericsson .
Reciprocity Treaty with England; settlement of the Fishery question, Aug. 2.
Bill passed organ lzlng Kansas and
Nebraska as Te rritories, repealing the
Compromise of 1820, which excluded
slavery from the entire Louisiana pur- chase, May 24.
Massachusetts Aid Socle\7 send out settlers to Kansas.
A. H. Reeder, of Pennsylvallla, appointed Governor of Kansas.
1855 Territorial Legislature of Kansaa meets
at Shawnee, July; great emigration
to Kansas.
Free State men meet bt convention at
Topeka and form a Free State constitution, Oct. 23.
Hostilities between the Free and Slave
State settlers begin.
Slsux Indians defeated by Gen. Harney.
Paraguayans
attack
United States
steamer, "Water-Witch."
Completion of Nla~ara Suspension
Bridge.
Court Claims established.
William Walker unsuccessfully lnvau ,.
Nicaragua.
Dispute with Great Britain concerning
recruiting for the Crimea army.
·

•

SUPPLE:\!'ENT XXI

ANCIENT, .MEDIEY AL

A~D

MODERN HISTORY.

~============,==============~==================================~~
I
1866 Jef!erson Davis captured at Irwinaville,
1861 Privateer "Sumter" escapes to sea, from
1855 British discovery ship "Resolute" aban1864 General Grant made Lieutenant-Gender McClellan, June 26; MechanicsGa., with part of his cabinet, May 10.
doned In ArcUc sea., brought to New
New Orleans. July 7.
eral, March 2.
ville, J une 26; Gaines' Mills, June ~;
Engagement at Boco Chico, between 500
London.
Free
Stale
government
inaugurated
A
Battle of Carrick's Ford, W. Va.; · ConSavage Statton and Peach Orchard,
Confederates and 400 Union troops;
1856 Hoosa.c Tunnel begun.
federate General Garnett killed.
In Louisiana, March.
J une 28; White Oak Swamp, June 30:
being the last in the " War of the ReVictory of John Brown at Ossawatomlo,
Battle at Romney, Va.,. June 11.
Admira l Porter's Red River expedition,
Malve•·n Hill. July 1; change of base
bell!:m," May 12.
Kan.
March 4.
West Virginia admitted as a State, June
to James river.
Grand
review of the army, at WashingRepublican ))arty formed.
11.
Gen. U. S. Grant appointed CommanderPresident Lincoln calls for 300,000 volton, May 23, 24.
Alden Invents type-setting machine.
Battle at Rich Mountain; Confederates,
In-Chief o! army or United States,
unteers, July 1.
Gen.
Kirby
Smith surrenders all his
Hock Island bridge, across the MissisMarch
12;
assumes
command,
March
under J:>egram, defeated by Rosecrans,
Murtreesborough captured by Forrest,
command, Trans-Mississippi Army,
sippi, opened, April 11.
July 11.
17.
July 5.
Affray at Panama between passengers
26.
May
Battle near Centreville, Va.., July 18.
A call for 200,000 more men, Ma.rch 15.
Raid or ~lorgan in Kentucky, July 7.
Amnesty Proclamation of President
and natives, April 15.
Arkansas votes to become a. Free State,
Destruction of the Confederate "Petrel"
Surrender of Port Hudson, July 8.
Johnson, with fourteen dif!erent exPage makes first wood type by maby frigate "St. Lawrence."
March 16.
Death of Martin Van Buren, July 24.
ceptions, May 29.
chinery.
Maryland Invaded by Stonewall Jackson,
Battle o( Jenkins Ferry, Ark.; defeat
Battle o! Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9;
Georgia
declares slavery abolished, etc.,
President declares creation of tree s tate
July.
of
Kirby
Smith,
April
4.
Union forces under Banks, lose 1,500
December{,
government in Kansas an act o! reNew York Sanitary Commission Fair
Battle o! Bull Run; Union forces, unkilled, wounded;. and missing: Con!eolSecretary
Seward oftlcially declared
bellion.
der· McDowell, defeated ; Union killed
receipts over one m\llion dollars.
erates, under ' Stonewall" Jacl<son.
slavery abolished throughout the u.
Brooks' assault upon Charles Sumner.
Union expedition to Mansfield, La.,
and wounded, 1,490; Confederates,
Ra id of Phllllps into Mississippi, Aug. 16.
s.,
Dec.
18.
Dismissal o! British envoy at Washing!oiled, April 8; Union forces, rein 1,593 killed and wounded, July 21.
Battle of Sulphur Springs, Va., Aug. 24.
Mississippi nullified secession ordinance,
ton, May 28.
Gen. McClellan assumes command of
!orcod, repulse Confederates at P leasFighting on Rappahannock under Pope,
Aug.
Introduction o! sorghum, or Chinese
army in Virginia and on the Potomac.
ant Hill.
·
Confederates under Ewell and Jacltson,
Alabama declared ordinance of secession
sugar-cane.
Fort Pillow massacre, April 12.
Battle of Laurel Hill, July 22.
Aug. 27.
Dudley observatory, Albany, Inaugurnull and void, Sept. 12.
Wessels surrenders Plymouth, N. C., to
Battle of Drug Spring, Mo., under GenGen. Bragg Invades Tennessee and KenSouth Carolina repealed the secession
ated, Aug. 28.
eral Lyon; Southern forces defeated.
Confederates, April 20.
tucky.
·
ordinance,
Sept. 15.
The government purchases the "ResoBattle of Athens, Mo., under Gen. Lyon;
Severe fighting between Confederates,
Battle of Kettle Run, Va., Aug. 27.
Florida annulled secession ordinance,
lute," refitted and presented to BritConfederates defeated, Aug. 5.
under Lee, and Union torces, under
Battle of Groveton, Va., Aug. 29.
Ish Government.
Battle of Wilson's Creek, Mo.; 5,200
Grant,
in
Virginia,
In
advance
on
Oet.
25.
Defeat of Union forces at Richmond, Ky.,
Proclamation opening all ports in SouthLoom !or weaving Axmlnster carpets
men, under Gens. Lyon and Sigel, atRichmond, May 3-11.
Aug. 29.
em States, 1o11d ending blockade, June
first patented.
tack 24,000, under Gens. McCulloch,
Battle of Wilderness, May 5.
Surrender of Memphis, Aug. 29.
Election et James Buchanan as P.reslPrice, etc.; Lyon kllled; defeat of SIOccupation of City Point by General
23.
Second Battle of Bull Run; defeat o!
ExecuttOD
of assassi nation conspirators,
dent.
gel, Aug. 10.
Butler, May 4.
Federals, Aug. 30.
Harold, Paynl!, Atzerotb, and Mrs.
1857 Organization of the Fenian Brotherhood.
President Lincoln's non-Intercourse procSherman begins his march t oward AtBattle of Chantilly, Va..; Union Generals
Surratt,
Jul.)'
.,.
Settlement ef the Central American queslamation, Aug. 16.
Kearney and Stevens killed. Sept. 1.
tion.
Rebel Indian Chiefs sign treaty of loyGen. B utler and Commodore Stringham
B!tm:oF\!::~s~ca, Ga., between Generals
Confederates cross Potomac into MaryDeath or Elisha. Kent Kane, Arctic exalty,
·Sept.
14.
take Forts Hatteras and Clark on
Sherman and Johnston , May 16.
land, at Poolsvllle, Md., Sept. 1.
plorer, Feb. 16.
Execution or Capt. wtrz, the AndersonNorth Carolina coast, Au g. 28.
}~a llure of Butler to capture Drury's
Battle ef South Mountain, Md.; Union
Robert J. Walker appointed Territorial
Fort Morgan abandoned by Confederates,
ville prison commandant, Nov. 10.
Bluff, May 16.
victory; Gen. Jesse L. Reno ldlled. ·
Aug. 30.
Governor o! Kansas.
Death ot Nathaniel Hawthorne, May 19.
1866 Death of Rufus Choate, Jan. 15.
Harper's Ferry sUJ'rendered, after three
Taney renders Dred Scott deci"Sion,
Fremont issues proclamation freeing
Passage
of the Freedman's Bureau Dill
Fighting
between
Lee
and
Grant
at
the
days' fighting by General Miles, Sept.
March 6:
.
slaves in Missouri, Aug. 31.
over the President's veto, Feb. 20.
North Anna, May 21-24.
16.
First attempt to lay Atlantic cable.
Presitlent's
proclamation declaring the
Battle of Carnifex Ferry, Gens. RoseBattle
o!
Dalton,
Ga.,
May
28;
Union
Battle of Antietam between Gen. McAlden secures patent !or condensed
crans and Floyd, Sept. 10.
ins<~rrectlon ended.
Clellan and Gen. Lee. Retreat ot the
l'>eath
o!
General
Winfield Scott, May 29.
milk.
Destruction of privateer "Judah," Sept.
S;~~f3!~·
captures
Cold
.
H
arbor,
May
31.
Confederates, Sept. 17.
Great financial crash.
F enians invade Canada, June 1.
13.
Evacuation of Ailatoona Pass,. June 1.
Battle of Iuka, Miss., between Gen.
New York, · Boston and Philadelphia
Fourteenth
Amendment
passed the SenRepulse of Confederates at Cheat MounBattle of Cold Harbor, June 2, 3.
Rosecrans and Gen. Price, Sept. 19.
banks suspend, Oct. 14, 15.
tain, w . va.
ate, June 8.
·
Battle o! Piedmont, Va., June 5.
Reoccupation ot Harper's Ferry by FedBanks resume specie payments, Dec. 12,
Succcss!ui
laying
of
the
Atlantic Cable,
Battle of Lexington, Mo.; Col. Mu11!Hunter
attacks
Lynchburg
;
retr
eats
erals, Sept. 22.
14.
gan defends for !our days agaiqst 26,into West Virginia, June 8. .
July 27.
President Lincoln iss ues preliminary
Mur der ef Dr. Burdell; arrest and trial
Massacre
in
New
Orleans,
July SO.
000 Confederates, but is torced to surArmy
of
the
Potomac
crosses
to
south
Proclamation o! Emancipation, Sept.
of Mrs. Cunningham, his mistress.
render; loss, 2,500 prisoners, and a
1867 Nebraslm admitted as the thirty-seventh
side of James River, June 12-16.
22.
Foundering o! the "Central America" oft
large amount of gold.
Assaults
on
Petersburg;
Union
forces
Battle of Corinth , Miss., between Gens.
Cape Hatteras; over 400 lives and $2,T:~~~· of Office bill passed, June ~. 1'·
Battle of Greenbrier, Va.; success of
losing 10,000 men in four days, June
Rosecrans and Price, defeat of the lat000,000 lost.
Confiscation and. Amnesty blll passed,
Union forces, Oct. S.
ter, Oct. 3, '4,
16-18.
.. 1 b
..
•
Great religious revival throughout the
Confederate "Savannah" captured by U.
Confederate privateer A a ama s unlt
Battle of Perryville, Ky., between Gens.
country.
p~~~Iia:e
of Alaska, !or $7,200,000, March
S. brig "Perry."
by the United States s teamer "K">LrBuell and Bragg; charge of Phil.
Troubles with the Mormons in Utah;
Wilson Zouaves repulsed at Santa Rosa
sarge," oft Cherbourg, France, J une 19.
3.
Sheridan wins the day, Oct. 8.
Col. Johnson. with a military force,
Jerterson
Davis admitted to ball, in the
Island, Oct. 9.
Hood
attacks
Hooker
at
Kennesaw
and
Raid of Confederates under Stuart into
sent out; Brigham Young forbids any
Confederate privateer "Nashville" essum of $100,000, May 13.
Pennsylvania.; Chambersburg seized
!ails, June 22.
armed force entering Salt Lake City;
capes from Charleston, S. c., Oct. ll.
Emancipation
Amendment
submitted
to
Southern
States organized as military
and looted, Oct. 1Q-12.
Mormon troops ordered to bold themRepulse of Confederate ra.m and five ships
the States by Congress, June 22.
districts, Jan.
Union Gen. 0. M. Mitchel. astr onomer,
selves in readiness; martial law de1868
Impeachment,
trial, and acqultto.l of
at South West Pass, Oct. 12.
Butler
occupies
Deep
Bottom,
ten
miles
died at Beaufort, S. C. , Oct. 30.
c lea red, Sept. 15.
Escape or Mason and Slidell from
President Johnson.
La Grange, Tenn., occupied by Gen.
below Richmond, June 22.
Charleston.
Death
of
Kit
(Christopher)
Carson, t rapMaryland
abolishes
slavery,
June
24.
1868 Dispute with England respecting the
Grant with Union !orces.
right of search.
Battle of Fredericktown, Mo.; flight of
Ret>ulse of Thomas and McPherson at
per and guide, May 23.
Battle of Fredericksburg, Va. Union
Compl etion of the first Atlantic teleJert Thompson, Oct. 21.
Death
of
James
Buchanan,
June 1.
forces under Gen. Burnside defeated.
Kennesaw, June 27.
graph, Aug.
Recapture· or Lexington, Mo., by Union
Death of Matthew Vassar, June 2S; he
Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 r epealed by
Union losses, 13,771.
Death of Thomas H. Benton, April 15.
troops.
donates
$800,000
for
endowment,
etc.,
Battle of Kingston, N. C. Confederates
Congress, June 28.
Congress passes bill admitting Kansss
Gen. Sherman appointed to the comEarly begins his raid Into Mar~land,
of Vassar College.
defeated, Dec. 14.
under pro-s lavery constitution, Aug.
mand of Kentucky forces.
Wyoming Territory organized, July 23.
Murphv surrenders Holly Springs to
Death or Thaddeus Stevens, Aug. 11.
30.
.
Battle of Ball's Bluff: Col. Baker killed,
w~WXc!· defeated by Early at Frederick,
Genei·al Van Dorn, Dec. 20.
Exciting campaign o! Lincoln and DougOct. 21.
Cornell University, of Ithaca, opened,
J etTerson Davis issues a proclamation
Md., July 9.
las in Illinois.
Zagonyt defeats Confederates at Springoutlawing Ben. Butler, Dec. 23.
Rosseau's raid into Alabama, July 10•
Sept.
Minnesota admitted as a State, May 18.
field, Mo., Oct. 29.
Election of Gen. Grant as Presldont,
Early's entire army within six miles of
Porter' s fleet open fire upon Vicksburg,
Seward announces his " irrepressible conGen. Scott r esigns command of army.
washington, July 12.
Nov. 3.
Dec. 26.
flict" doctrine.
Gen. McClellan succeeds him.
1869 Paci11c Railway completed, May 10.
Sherman's unsuccessful attack upon
Gold reaches highest premium, viz., 28i
Kansas rejects the pro-s lavery constituSoldiers' Aid Society formed at Detroit,
Death or Franklin P ierce, Jan.
per cent, July 16.
Vicksburg, Dec. 27, 28.
tion by overwhelming majority, Aug. 3.
Nov. 1.
Nolle Prosequi ends prosecution of JefGreeley's negotiations with ConfedIron-clad "Monitor" tounders at sea., ott
First message across the Atlantic cable,
Commodore Wilkes, of "San Jacinto,"
erates, at Niagara, July 18.
ferson Davis, Feb. 6.
Cape Hatteras.
from Victoria to the President, Aug.
takes Southern Commissioners, Mason
Fifteenth Amendment passed, Feb. 26.
Ba
ttle
around
Atlanta
between
forces
West Virginia admitted as a State o! the
16.
and Slidell, fl·om British steamer
Supreme Court pronounces Confederate
under Huod, Confederate, and under
Union, nee. 31.
Peruvians capture two American ves"Trent," In West Indian waters.
currency to be worthless.
Sherman, Union , Jult 22.
1863 Battle of Murfrees boro; Rosecrans desels.
Port Royal bombarded, Nov. 7.
Great peace jubilee at Boston, June 15feats Bragg, Jan. 1.
Chambersburg, Pa., burned by General
Burning of steamship "Austria," HamBattle o! Belmont; Grant's fir st fight.
Emancipation Proclamntlon of President
• Stuart, July 30.
.
burg to New York; nearly 500 lives
Captu1·e of TYbee Is land, commanding
F;~ilch frontier cable laid, J uly 27.
Lincoln goes into effect, liberatin$ all
Explos ion of a mine under Confederate
lost.
Savannah, taken Dec. 20.
Great Wall street panic, "Black Frl~
slaves in .l)outnern States.
works, Petersburg, July 30.
Charleston Harbor shut by sinking stone
1859 The Island of San Juan, n ear VancouvDeath of Lyman Beecher, D. D., aged
Farragut captures Mobile, Aug. 3.
day," Sept. 24.
er's Island, occupied by United States
fieet, Dec. 21.
·
Death of George Peabody, Nov. 4.
.
87, Jan. 10.
Great naval victory, under Farragut, at
troops.
Gatling gun invented by J. Gatling.
U. s. steamer "Hatteras" sunk by South·
Death of Edwin M. Stanton, Dec. 14.
Mobile, Ala., Aug. 5.
The Fenian organization perfected.
Death of Sam Houston, Oct. 8.
1870
Ratification
of
tbe
Fi!teenth
Amendern privateer "Alabama" ott Texas,
Atlanta evacuated and occupied by Sh13rTreaty with Paraguay •lgned, Feb. 10.
Kentucky admitted into Confeder.>tc
Jan. ll.
ment by the States.
man, Aug. 31.
Oregon admitted at a State, Feb. 14.
States, Dec. 9.
Death of Admiral David G. Farragut,
Capture of Arkansas Pos t by Goo. lltcBattle of Winchester, Va. : Sheridan capDrake bores first ou well at Titusville,
Battle of Martinsburg, va.; Gen. Pope,
Cierna.nd, Jim. 11.
tures 6,000 prisoners, 5 guns, and all
Aug. 14.
Union, captures 1,300 prisoners, Dec.
Pa.
Confederate ram "Atlanta" captured of!
Death of Gen. R. E . L ee, Oct. 12.
the wounded, Sept. 19.
Great storm in the Northern and South18.
Savannah, Ga., by Union monitor
The Nathan murder, New York, July ·28.
Defeats of Early, by Sheridan, in Shenern States.
Proclamation of neutrality in F ranco1862 Indian massacre in Minnesota.
"Weehawken," Jan. 17.
andoah, Sept. 19-22.
Daniel E. Sickles shoots Philip Barton
Battle of Blue Gap, Va., Jan. 8.
First U. S. colored regiment enrolled In
Thirteenth Amendment passed, forever
Death of John·Tyler, Jan. 8.
' Key, Feb. 27.
Fi~;[~~~r:.::gauge railway buill, DenSouth Carolina, Jan. 25.
abolishing slavery.
Kansas Free State party frame a. State
"Ericsson" Monitor launched at GreenAct to provide a national currency bePilot Knob evacuated by Unionists,
ver & Rio Grande.
constitution at Wyandotte.
point, Jan. 30.
.
Ku-Klux
bill passes Congress.
comes a law, Feb. 25.
Sept. 27.
Vicksburg Convention declares in favor
Edwin :11. Stanton, o! Pennsylvania, beFarragut runs batteries at Grand Gul!,
1871 Treaty of Washington will! Great BritDeath of Chief-Justice Roger Brooks
of reopening s lave trade, May 11.
comes Secretary o! War, Simon CamApril 1.
Taney, Oct. 12.
Publication of Worcester's Unabridged
eron, of Pennsylvania, retiring Jan. 13.
Overwhelming defeat of Early at Cedar
G~~~i. tire at Chicago ; 17,450 build'ngs
Com. Porter s uccessfully runs the batDictionary.
Battle o! Mill Springs, Ky . ; ZollicotTer
· destroyed ;
loss about $196,000,000,
teries at Vicksburg, April 16.
Creek, Oct. 19.
v
San Juan Is land occupied by General
defeated by Union troops, under Gen.
Port Gibson and Grand Gul!, on MissisRaid of Confederates on St. Albans, t.,
Oct. 8.
II
Harney, July 9.
George H. Thomas, Jan. 19.
sippi river, taken by U. S. Grant,
The
Yellowstone
National P ark hi
Oct. 19.
Appearance o! the potato bug.
Fort Henry, on Tennessee River, capMay 1.
Destruction
of ram " AI bema.rIe , b Y a
passed.
.
Election of Republican oftlcers In Kantured by naval forces, under ComCol. Grierson's raid through Mississippi
torpedo affixed to her by Lieut. CushVisit o! tbe Grand Duke Alexis to United
sas, Dec. 6.
modore A. H. Foote, Feb. 6.
arrives at Baton Rouge, May 2.
ing,
Oct.
27.
·
d
States.
,
Comstock Great Bonanza Mine purRoanoke Is land. N. C., captured by Gen.
Arrest o! C. L. Valandigham.
The Credit 1\'lobllier scandal.
President Lincoln re·elected ; An rew
chased tor an Indian pony and a
Burnside and Commodore GoldsborSevere fighting between Union forces,
Johnson Vice-President, Nov. 8.
1872 Settlement o! the Alabama Claims.
quantity o! whisky.
ough, Feb. 8.
Congress •·emoves the political disabllity
under Hooker, and Confederates, unShe•·man commences his "March to the
Treaty with Mexico signed.
Fort Donelson, Tenn., surrendered to
der Lee, about Chancellorsville, Va.:
of the Southern people.
Sea" f•·om Atlanta, Nov. 16.
Grand Embassy from Japan, with treaty
Gen. Grant, Feb. 16.
Confederate Gen. "Stonewall" Jackson
Incen'dtarism by Confederates In New
Re-election ot President Grant.
ot peace, etc.
Confederate Congress meets at Richkilled; Hooker defeated, May 2, 3, 4.
Great fire at Boston; loss about $78,000,Yorlt,
Nov.
25.
Tour of the Prince o! Wales.
mond, Va., Feb. 18.
Battle of Jackson, Miss. ; captured by
Battle o! l~ranklin, Tenn., between Hood
000, Nov. 9.
Hall's expedition. to the Polar Sea.
Jetlerson Davis inaugurated President or
Gen. Grant, May 14.
Death of Horace Greeley, Nov. 29.
.
and Thomas, Nov. SO.
Arrival at New York or the Great EastSouthern Confederacy, !or six year:!,
Battle o! Baker's Creek; Pemberton
Battle of Nashville, under Gen. ThomDeath of Samuel 1!'. Morse, inventor of
ern, June 28.
l<'eb. 22.
routed by Grant, May 16.
as
Great victory. Confederates unthe
electric
telegraJ:h.
Battle of Pea Ridge, Ark. ; Gen. Mc1860 Election of 111 r. Pennington as ·Speaker
Battle o! Black River Bridge; retreat
de'r Hood retreat, Dec. 15, 16.
Northwestern boundary qu estion settl~ d
of the House.
Culloch killed March 8.
of Pemberton to Vicksburg, May 17.
Savannah Ga. occupied by Gen. Shet:by the Emperor of Germany.
Abraham Lincoln elected President, Nov.
Confederate ram, "Merrimac" sinks
ma.n. compleung the "March to the
Vicksburg besieged by Grant, May 21.
Deatb ot James Gordon Bennett, J une 1.
6. South Carolina passes the "Ordi"Cumberland" and "Congress," U. S.
Colored troops first brought Into action
Epizootic throughout tho United States.
Sea
"
December
21.
nance of Secession," being the fi rst
naval vessels in Ha mpton Roads, Virat Port Hudson, May %7.
President orders a. draft ror 300,000 more
National Granges organized.
State of the Union to secede, Dec. 20.
ginia, March 8.
Battle at Milliken's Bend, June 6, 7.
Death of W1lllam H. Seward.
men, Dec. 19.
Meeting ot Senatorial Committee o! Thir"Monitor," U. S. Iron-clad, attacks and
Retreat of Milroy from Winchester,
Butle r and Port er a ttack Fort Fisher,
1873 Wreck of the Atlantic, 536 lives lost,
drives "Merrimac" back, March 9.
teen, Dec. 21.
N. c .. a nd fa il , Dec. 24, 25.
June
H.
.
April 1.
Major Anderson transfers his command
Manassas Junction evacuated and occuInvasion of Pennsylvania. by Lee'• enModoc massacre, death ef General Can1865 Establis hment of the Freedman's Bupied by Union forces, March 10.
from Fort Moultrie to Fort Sl!mt er.
tire army, June 16-26.
by,
April
11.
·
reau.
The Parrott Gun Invented by Robert R.
Battle of Winchester, Va.: Union loss,
Battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; Gen. Lee
Col!ax m assacre, La., by White League,
Fort Fishe r. N. c.. captured by Gen .
115 killed, 450 wounded; Confederate
PaiTOtt.
defeated by Union forces, under Gen.
Terry a nd Commodore Porter, Jan. 15.
loss, 869 !tilled, wounded, and missing,
1861 Mississippi secedes, Jan. 9.
Meade, J uly !, 3.
D!R~il~t Salmon P . Chase, Chie! Justice,
Sherman leaves Savannah, and starts
l!'lorida secedes, Jan. 10.
March 13.
Morgan begins his raid through Indiana
May 7.
.
northward, Feb. 1.
Battle of Newbern, N. C., March 14.
Alabama secedes, Jan. 11.
and Ohio, July 3.
Beecher and Tilton sca.nda.l, Brooklyn,
President's
Conference
with
ConfedBattle at Pittsburg Landing; Grant,
South Carolina troops tire upon the "Star
Vicksburg surrendered by Gen. PemberJuly.
·
erate
Commission,
Feb.
3.
Union commander; Gen. A. Sidney
ot the \Vest."
ton to Union forces, under Grant,
The Salary Grab Bill.
•
.
E vacuation of Charleston. S. C., by ConJohnston killed; Union loss, April 6
Georgia secedes, Jan. 18.
1
Failure of Jay Cooke I; Co. ; great tl nantederates, Feb. 17.
a nd 7, 13,573; Confederate loss, 10,Louisiana secedes, Jan. 26.
P1r~
l!~dson surrendered to Gen. Banl<s,
cia! panic, Sept. 19.
Its occupation by Union forces, F eb. 18.
699.
.
Texas secedes, Feb. 1.
and Natchez occupied by Gen. GrantT rial and conviction of William M,
Re-tnauguration o! P resident Lincoln,
Peace Convention assembled at Wash Capture of Island No. 10, by Union
Mississippi river being thus opened to
Tweed, Nov. 22.
March 4.
forces, April 8.
ington , Feb. 4.
navigation,
July
8.
Seizure
of the "VIrginlus," ~nd execuConfederate
Congr
ess
adjourns
for
the
Provis ional Government of Confederate
Raid of Gen. Mitchell;
capture of
Anti-draft riots In New York ; 2,000 riottion ot a number of b~r passcr.;;ers
last
time,
March
18.
States meet a t M.011tgomery, Ala., Feb.
Huntsville, Ala., and Russellville,
ers killed, July 13, 14, 15.
by
the
Spanish autbe r~tles in Cuba.
Desperate
lighting
commences
before
Tenn.
Riot in Boston, July 15.
Surrender of the " Vtrginlus" to tile
Richmond.
Battle of Five F orlt s,
Je4J~;·son Davis, of MissLss!ppi, PresiFort P ulnsl<i, Ga., surrendered arttlr
Gen.
Bur nside occupies :Knoxville,
United
States by ::lpain, Dec. 12.
dent, Feb. 8.
three days ' bombardment, to Union
April 1.
Tenn., Sept. 3.
Death of Louis Agassiz, Dec. 14.
Abraham Lincol·n Inaugurated President
!orces, under Gen. Gilmore, April 11.
Gen. Grant advances upon Petersburg,
evacuate
Fort
Wagner,
Confederates
187i
Woman's
Temperance Crusade.
Slavery abolished in District of Columof United States, March 4.
April 2.
Sept. 6.
·
Visit or Kalakaua, King of B:awali.
Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbor, bombia, April 16.
Richmond and Petersburg evacuated
Burnside
captures
Cumberland
Gap,
Compromise
Currency Bill signed by the
barded-being commencement or hostilBombardment of Fort Pillow, by Comduring night of April 2.
Sept. 9.
Ities In the Civil War, April 12.
modore Foote, April 17.
Flight of Davis from Richmond, April 2.
Battle
of
Chickamauga
;
Union
forces,
n~:t~~~~n6harles
Sn..nner, March. ll; Union fleet , under Farragut, passes up
Lincoln calls for 76,000 volunteers, April
Richmond and Petersburg occupied toy
under Rosecrans, fall back to ChattaGrasshopper raid ,n the North west.
the Mississippi river and takes New
15.
Union forces, April 3.
nooga,
Sept.
19.
Abduction
of
Charley
Ross, July 1.
Orleans, passing Forts Jackson and
Proclamation announcing blockade of
Selma. Ala., captured with large s tores,
Quantrell raids Lawrence, Kan., Aug.
A second lar&e fire In Chicago, July 14
Philip, April 24.
Southern ports, April 17.
April
5.
President!al
election;
r esult dispute<.-,
21.
Gen. Butler in command, at New OrFederal troops attacked in Baltimore,
Battle or Sailors' Creek: de!cat o! E.w ell
Gen. Wheeler starts on his raid Into
November 7.
leans, ;:.Iay. 1.
·
April 19.
and
Custis
Lee,
April
G.
Tennessee,
destroying
much
GovernYorktown evacuated, May 4.
Destruction o! s tores at Norfolk Navy
1875 · P assage of the Act for the Resumption
Grant demands the surrender of tile
m ent property, Oct. 2.
Surrende•· of New Orleans to €ommoYard by Union Commander, April 20.
of Specie P ayments In 1879.
Southern army, April 7.
Hooker takes Lookout Mountain, Oct.
dor e l~arragut.
Colorado admitted Into the Union,
Maryland refuses to secede, April 27.
L
ee
surrenders
to
U.
S.
Grant
at
ApBattle of Williamsburg, Va., May 6.
28.
Ellsworth shot a t Alexandria by JackMarch 4.
pomattox Court House. Va. , April 9.
Battle of West Point, May 1.
First Fenian Congress held in ' t he
son, May.
Centennial celebration at Lexington,
Mobile. evacuated by the Confederates,
Norfolk surrendered to Gen . Wool, May
Missouri turns over to Confederates enUnited States.
Concord
and :aunker Hill.
April 10.
tire control of finan cial and military
10.
Gen. Meade crosses the Rappahannock,
Death of Andrew Johnson, J uly 3l.
Montgomer y, Ala., surrenders to WilUestr uction of tile "Merrimac," by the
resources of the State, May 2.
Lee r etiring, Nov. 7.
Trial
of
Henry
Ward Beecher !or adulson, April 11.
Confederates, May 11.
Government call tor 42,000 three years'
Longstreet begins the s iege or Kn.>xtery.
, President issues orders to stop drar.tNatch ez, Miss., surrenders to Commovolunteers, May 3.
ville, Nov. 17.
Trial
of
Prof.
Swing
for heresy, May s.
ing and further purchase of war D'adore Farragut. May 13.
Arkansas secedes from the Union, May 6.
Battle of Missionary Ridge; success o!
Death o! John C. Breckinridge, May 17.
terlal. April 13.
Gen. Banks defeated at Winchester, May
Capt. Lyon receives surrender of Fort
Fe,!lerals, Nov. 24.
Military
rule
discontinued
in tb~ SouthPresident Lincoln
assassinated, in
25.
Re pulse o! L ongstreet at Knoxville,
Jackson , May 10.
ern States.
Washington, by W ilkes Booth. April
Battle or Seven Pines, Virginia, May 29.
Nov. 28, 29.
Baltimore occupied by General Butler,.
Suspension of the Calltornla Bank, and
H.
Corinth evacuated, May SO.
Banks starts on hls expedition into
May 13.
suicide o! President Ralston.
·
Attempted assassination of Seward,
L ittle Rock capture<l, May 31.
Texas, Nov. 29.
North Carolina secedes from ~he Union,
Death of Henry Wilson, Nov. 22.
Aprll14.
L ongstreet raises the siege of KnQxBattle of Fair Oaks; Union loss, heavy;
May 20.
Great
fire
in
Virginia
City,
Nev.,
Oct.
President L incoln dies , April 15.
renewal or battle o! Fair Oaks, · sucv!lle, Dec. 5.
.
Butler in command at Fortress Monroe,
26.
Andrew Johnson, o! Tennessee, Vicecess of Unionists.
President Lincoln Issues Procl amation
May 22.
Foundering
of·
steamship
"Pacific,"
bePresident, takes oath o! office as Presiof Amnes ty, Dec. 8.
Unionist s lose Brashear City, June 13.
Advance of Union forces Into VIrginia,
tween San Francisco and Portland,
dent.
.
Draft of 600,000 men ordered by PresiSlavery a bolished by all the Te rr itor ies,
May 24.
Macon, Ga. , occupied by Union forces:
June 19.
dent Lincoln, Feb. 1.
Death of Stephen A. Do11glas, June 3.
D~~~· ~i William B. Astor, Nov. 24.
great amount of army s t ores tal;en,
Forts Plllow and .R andolph evacuated,
Tennessee secedes !rom the Union, June
Colt's armory, at Hartford, destroyed
Escape of Tweed from the custody o?
Apr il 20.
8, East Tennessee opposing it.
by fire, Feb. 8.
June t.
the Sherif!, Dec. 4.
Capture a nd death of Wilkes Booth,
Dlaaster to Union forces in Florida, unBattle of Big Bethel, Va. , June 10.
Surrender or Memphis, June 6,
Great revivals, under Moody and SanApril 25.
·
Congress meets in extraordinary session,
Repulse of Confederates. at Springlleld,
der Gen. Seymour, Feb. 20.
key.
Gen. Johns ton's army s urr'lnders to
Mo.. June 8.
Kilpatrick's raid into Virginia.
Gen.
J uly 4.
Great inundation in Texas.
Gen. Sherman, April 26.
Battle near Carthage, Mo., July 5.
Seven days' tight before Richmond, unDahlgren killed, Feb. 28.

I

.,

CopYI:Jght, l91Jl>, by Geo. A . Ogle & Co•

.

I!I

/

SUPPLEMENT XXII.

ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND MOD!pRN HISTORY.
1876 Opening or the Centennial Exhibition at
fJ~ ; !~deiJlbia, lllay 10; It closes, Nov.
Serious ditllculties between Americans
and Chinese In California.
Bursting or reservoir at Worcester,
Mass., des troying millions of dollars
worth of property, March 3.
Death of Alexander T. Stewart, April ].(1.
War with Sitting Bull and the Sioux.
MassacN at Hamburg, S. c.. June.
-Massacre of Gen. Custer and his command, by the Sioux Indians, July 2.
Completion of the First One Hundred
Years of American Independence;
great rejoicing throughout the United
States, July 4.
·
Castle Garden, N. Y., destroyed by fire,
July 9.
Younger Brothers and Northfield Bank
robbery, Sept. 7.
Arrest of W. M. Tweed, at Vlgo, Spain,
Sept. 8.
Yellow fever In Georgia, September.
Trial of Molly Magulres, October.
Dastardly attempt to rob the grave of
President Lincoln, Nov. 7.
Burning of the Brooklyn Theater, %78
lives lost, Dec. 5.
First furnace for cremation built, at
Washington, P enn., Dec. 6.
The Ashtabula railroad horror, Dec. ~9.
l877 Close or the Indian War.
The Electoral Commission Bill passed
by Congress, Jan. 25, 26..
Rutherford B. H ayes declared President,
March%.
Blue Glass manta.
Death or Cornelius Vanderbilt, June 4.
Great Railroad riots, East and West,
July and August.
1.878 Yellow fever epidemic along the Lower
Mississippi.
·
Meeting of the Alabama Claims Commission, Feb. 27.
Fenians attempt a second Invasion or
Canada, May 29.
Death or Robert Dale Owen, June ~•.
ThE Colorado Petrified Giant humbug.
Return of Henry M. Stanley from African explorations, August.
Death of Brigham Young, Aug. 29.
Death of Oliver P . Morton, Nov. 1.
Earthquake shocis In New England and
middle States.
Ku-Kiux Bill passed by Congress.
Death of Benjamin F. Wade, March 2.
Development of the telephone and
phonograph.
Bankrupt Repeal Blll passed, May 10.
Death of Wllllam Cullen Bryant, June
12.

Indian outbreak in Washington Territory, July.
'
·
Chinese Embassy visits · the United
States.
- Sliver Bill passed by both Houses of
Congress.
Yellow fever in the South.
Gold sold at par-the first time since
1862-Dec. 17.
1879 Resumption of specie payments, Jan. 1.
Death of Richard Henry Dana, Feb. 2.
Great tire at Reno, Ne\'., March ~.
New Constltu tlon of California adopt~td.
May 2.
Death of William Lloyd Garrison, May

24.

,

-

Terrible tornado in Kansas, Nebraska
and Missouri, May 30.
.
Bill to erect a monument em site of
Washington's birthplace, passes both
Houses, June 10.
.
Waterspout In Black Hills causes great
loss .of property and life, June 12.
Disastrous storms east and west, July.
Great fire at Deadwood, Dak. , Sept. 2G.
Death 01 Gen. Joseph Hooker, Oct. a1.
Death of Zachary Chandler, Oct. 31.
Caleb Cushing dies at Madrid.
...Exodus" of negroes !rom South to
West.
James Russell Lowell made Minister to
England.
Fall elections favor Republicans.
1880 Death of Frank Leslie, Jan. 10.
City Hall, Albany, destroyed by tire,
Feb. 10.
Terrific tornado sweeps over parts of
Western and Southern States, April 8.
Great forest tires in Southern New Jersey, April and May.
Collision on Long Island Sound dest l'JYS
the steamers "Narragansett" E.nd
"Stonington".
Centennial celebration or the capture or
Andre, Sept. 23.
Garlleld and Arthur nominated by Chicago Repubilcaa Convention, June 9;
Hancock and English by Cincinnati
Democratic Convention.
At the General Election, the ReJ»lblican candidates secured 218 out of
369 electoral votes, Nov. 6.
1881 Electoral College vote countedf Feb. 9.
T~r:~chp~~ cent. funding bt 1 passed,
Steamer Corwin salls for the Arctic regions In search of the Jeannette,
March 4.
·
R evised New Testament Issued, May ~0.
Star route frauds exposed, Ma:r 26.
Tbe great comets of 1881 first seen, June
20.
Sitting Bull, Chief -of the Sioux, surrenders, July 31.
Jam2s A. Garfield Inaugurated, March 4.
Contest between Garfield and Senator
Conkllng (N. Y.) about New York Collectorship, May.
Commercial treaty wtth China signed,
May 5.
Great Britain pays £15,000 award for
damage done to American fisberles In
Fortune Bay a1ralr.
Assassination of President Garfield by
Charles J. Gulteau, at Baltimore railway depot In Washington, July 2.
Death of ' President Garfield at Elberon,
N. J., Sept. 19, burial at Cleveland,
Sept. 26.
Vice President Arthur becomes Pro~l­
dent, Sept. 26.
Special session or the Senate, Oct. 10.
The celebmted Gulteau trial begins,
Nov. 14.
News of destruction of Jeannette, Arctic
exploring vessel, Dec. 30.
1882 Gulteau convicted Jan. 25; sentenced
Feb. 4: hanged June 30.
·
Anti-Chinese bill (twenty years) pas~ed
· March 23; vetoed by the President
April 4.
Senate passes Edmunds Anti-Polygamy
Bill. Feb. 16; approved March 23.
Apportionment bill passes the House,
Feb. 17.
.
Great Mississippi overftow , wide destruction and loss of life.
'! arlff Commission
Bill passes both
Houses, May G-9; approved May 15.
.dill extending N a tiona! Bank charters
passed both Houses, May 19.
VIolent cyclone at Grinnell, la.. June 8.
Second Anti-Chinese bill (ten years)
passed; signed by President Arthur,
May G.
Collision of the Scioto on Ohio river, 59
persons drowned, July 4.
River and Harbor Bill passed over the
President's veto, Aug. 2.
Return of the suniTors of the North
Pole expedition.
Star Route trial ended by verdict of
jury, Sept. 11, acquitting Turner, convicting Miner and Rerdell_. and dlsa~::reelng as to Brady, tne Dorsey
brothers, and Vall.
Steamer Asia rounders on Lake Huron,
100 lives lost, Sept. H.
Utah Commission completes reglstljitlon
of Toters, Sept.

1882 The Pendlefon CITII ~enlce Bill passes
Senate, Dec. 27.
1883 Civil Service Reform bill passes the
House, Jan. 4.
.Presidential Succession Blll passed Senate, Jan. 9; n•t considered In the
House.
Burning ot Newhall House, Milwaukee
•
69 lives lost, Jan. lt.
'
!
Great 11ood In Ohio RITer, 50,000 people
homeless, Feb. 10-15.
Tarl1r and Tax Amendment Bill pa.~ses
both Houses, March 2.
Death or Alexander H. ·stephens, aged
71, March 4.
Death or Peter, Cooper, aged 92, April 4.
Cyclone at Beauregard, Miss., 83 II v~s
lost ; tornadoes in Iowa and Georgia,
Aprll 22.
Opening ot the Brooklyn Suspension
Bridge, May 24. '
Pendleton Civil Service Act passes both
Houses, July 16.
Steamer Proteus or the Greely Rc lief
Expedition crushed by tee In Smith'~
Sound, July 23.
Terrific tornado at Rochester, Minn.,
many lives lost, Aug. 21.
Northern Pacific Railroad formally
opened, Sept. 8.
.
Civil Rights Act of March 1. 1875, declared unconstitutional by U. s. Supreme Court, Oct. 16.
Gen. Sherman relinquishes command of
the army, Nov. 1; Gen. Sheridan succeeding.
Two-cent letter postage goes Into eltect
throu~hout the United States, Oct. 1.
Serious riot at Danvllle, Va.., between
negroes and white military, Nov. 3.
Dakota adopted a constitution erecting
Southern Dakota into a State. Nov. 6.
Festival s in honor of the 400th anniversary of Luther's birth, Nov. 10-11.
48th Congress organized.
1884, House repeals the Iron-clad oath law,
Jan. 21.
Germany returns resolutions or the
House laudatory of Ruskin, Feb. 15.
'United States Supreme Court amrms the
constitutionallty of Legal Tender Act,
March 3.
Mexican War pension bill passes House,
March 3.
The Senate rattftes commercial treaty
with Mexico, March 11.
Defeat of Morrison Tarilt blll. May 6.
Congress appropriates $1,000,000 for New
Orleans Exposition, May 8.
Great panic In Wall street; Fatluwe of
Grant and Ward and others, May 6-14.
Reller expedition rescues survivors of
the Greely Arctic expedftton, at Cape
Sabine, June 22.
President vetoes the Fltz-John Porter
bill, July 2.
Corner-stone ur the Barthold! Statue or
Liberty laid, Aug. 6.
The general election resulted In the
election of Grover Cleveland, who carried 20 States, securing 219 electoral
votes against 182 for James G. Bla!ne,
Nov. 4.
·
Opening of the 48th Congress, Dec. 1.
1886 Grover Cleveland resigns the New York
governorship, Jan. 6.
Dedication of the Washington monument, the tallest structure known,
566 feet. Feb. 21.
Occupation or Aspinwall, S. A., by
United States trooos.
Inauguration of Grover Cleveland as
President, March 4.
New Orleans Elxposltlon opened, Dec. 16.
Treaty with Colombian Government,
providing a joint protectorate over the
Isthmus. 'May 5.
The Revised Old Testament and complete Bible published, May 18.
Death of Gen. U. S. Grant, at Mt. McGregor, N. Y., aged 63, July 23.
Grant memorial services held at Wgstminster Abbey, London, Aug. 4.
Death of VIce-President T. A. Hendricks, aged 66, Nov. 26.
1886 The Presidential succession act signed
Jan. 19.
Controversy between the Senate and
President over reasons for removing
public omcers, Jan. 25.
400 Chinamen driven from Seattle, w.
Ter., by a mob, Feb. 9.
Death of General Wlnfteld Scott Hancock, aged 61, Feb. 9.
Blair Educational Bill passes the Senate, March 5.
Bill for free and unlimited coinage or
sliver defeated, April 8.
Chicago Anarchist riot, 6 pollee killed
and 61 wounded, May 4.
Anarchist~ Indicted at Chicago, May 21.
President Cleveland married to Miss
. Frances Folsom, June 2.
.
Oleomargarine bill passes the Senate,
June 20.
Morrison Tariff bill defeated, June 17.
House of Representat.lves passed bill
repealing t he pre-emption, timber
culture and desert-land laws, June 7.
Bill to repeal the Civil Service law lndeftnitely postponed by the U. S. Senate, June 't8.
Congrjlss requires the Treasury to Issue
small denomination sliver certificates,
July 2'1.
The President warns omce holders
against attempts to control political
movements, July.
Death or Samuel J. Tilden, aged 74,
Aug. 4.
Chicago anarchists to the number of 8,
found guilty of murder, Aug. 20.
Earthquake at Charleston, S. C., destroying $.~.000.000 worth or property
and 57 lives, Aug. 30-31.
Surrender of the Apache chief Geronimo
and his band, Sept. 4.
Death of Ex-President Chester A. Arthur, aged 56.
Bill to regulate the counting of electo•al
votes passed. Dec. 9.
1887 Inter-State
Commerce
bill
signed,
Feb. 4.
House defeats the Dependent Soldier
Pension Bill, Feb. 24.
Belmont Retaliation bill passed, March 2.
B~ar~~ g,deem trade dollars passed,
Inter-State Commerce commission s.ppolnted, March 22.
·
Mormon convention at Salt Lake City
adopt a Constitution, July 1.
Defeat of the Scotch cutter Thistle bY
the American Volunteer In race tor
" America cup," Sept. 27 and 30.
President and Mrs. Cleveland leave
Washington for a Western trip.
Mormon convention of monogamists petition Congress tor admission or Utah
as a State, Oct. 8.
United States Supreme Court refuRes
to Interfere with the finding of Illlnois courts In anarchist cases, Nov. 1.
Goyernor Oglesby commutes death sentences of Schwab and Fielden to life
Imprisonment, Nov. 10.
Hanging, at Chicago, of the anarchists
Parsons, Spies, Engel and Fischer,
Nov. 11.
Republlcan National Committee select
Chicago for National Convention, June
16. 1888. Dec. 8.
1888 Terrible blizzard in Minnesota, Dakota
and Iowa; 200 lives !oat, JJ!,n. 12.
Inter-State Commission confirmed by
the U. S. Senate, Jan. 16.
Fisheries treaty with Great Britain
signed at Washington, Feb. 15. ·
Strike of engineers and firemen on the
C., B. &: Q. R. R. began Feb. 2~

1888 Deadlock In the House or Representatives over the Direct Tax bill, April 9.
Death of Chief Justice Morrison R.
Waite, aged 72 years, March 23.
Knights of Labor appeal to Congress tor
a system of Government telegraph,
April 12.
Death of Roscoe Conklin, ex-U. S. Senator, aged 60 years, April 18.
Daily sales of U. S. bonds began, April
23.
Melvllle w. Fuller, of Illinois, nomInated by the President as Chief Justice, April 30; confirmed by the Senate,
July 20.
Chinese Treaty ratified by u. S. Senate,
May 7.
Execution ot murderers by electricity
after Jan. 1, 1889, passes N. Y. Senate, May 8; approved by the Governor.,
June 4.
The President approves of bill to Invite
a conference of American States at
Wasltlngton In 1889, May 24.
Lieut.-Gen. 1'hiilp H. Sb ..ridan confirm ed as General of thE' A. ·my, June 1.
N alional Democratic Con • .mtlon at St.
Louis renominates President Cleveland, June G.
National Department of Labor bill approved by the President, June 13.
The President signed the . Chinese Exclusion Bill, forbidding any Chinese
laborer who has been, or may now be,
or may hereafter be, a resident within
the U. s., and may depart therefrom,
and who may not have returned before the passage of this act, to return
to, or remain In, the U. S., Oct. 1.
Death of ·General Philip H. Sheridan,
aged 57 years, August 5.
Major-Gen. John M . Schofield appOinted
to the command of the army, August

H.

U. S. Senate rejects the Fisheries treaty,
August 21.
President's message .to the U. S. Senate
recommending enlarged powers under
the Retaliation act, August %3.
Floods at Augusts, Ga., destroyed $1,000,000 worth of property. Sept. 12.
Bill prohibiting coming of Chinese lab<!rers apprond, Sept. 13.
September wheat touched $2 on Chicago
Board of Trade Sept. 29.
U. s. Supreme Court sustains the constitutjonallty of the Iowa "Prohlblt•rY
Law " Oct. 22.
The "Murchison" decoy letter to L.rd
BackTille West made public, Oct. ~4.
Lord Sackville West, British Minister,
dismissed by the President; Oct. 20.
National Election for President; the
Republican candidates elected, NoT. 6.
Oftlcial yellow fever bulletin gave total
number of deaths 412, and of case~
4,705, at Jacksonville. Fla., Dec. 10.
U. S. men-of-war Galena and Yantic
sailed for Hayti to demand release of
the Haytlan Republic, Dec. 12.
1889 Great storm In Pennsylvania; many
lives lost at Pittsburgh and Reading,
Jan. 9.
Niagara Suspension Bridge blown down
at 3 a. m .• Jan. 10.
Department of Agriculture created,
Feb. 4.
The States of North and South Dakota.
Montana and Washington, created by
Congress, Feb. 20.
Benjamin Harrison Inaugurated President, March 4.
Oklahoma proclamation Issued, May 27.
Opening of the Oklahoma country,
April 22.
Centennial ot Washington's inauguration, April 30.
Murder ot Dr. Cronin at Chicago, May 4.
Destruction by ftood of Johnstown, Pa.;
5,000 to 10,000 lives lost; over $20,000,000 .worth of property destroyed, May
31.
Judge D. S. Terry shot by U. S. Marshal Nagle, defending Justice Field,
Aug. 14.
International Marine Congress meets at
Washington. Oct. 16.
North and South Dakota admitted by
proclamation, Nov. 2.
'
Trial of Cronin suspects begun Aug. 30,
ended Dec. 16.
Coughlin, Sullivan
and Burke found guilty, and received
life sentences; Kunze, lmprlsonm..nt
three years; Beggs round not guilty.
David J. Brewer appointed a Supreme
Court Justice, Dec. 4.
Death of Jefferson DavtB. late President
of the Confederate States, Dec. 6.
1890 Appointment of Special World's Fair
Committee, Jan. 18.
·
La Grippe or Inlluenza prevalent
throughout the Northern and Western
States.
Death of Gen. Crook, at Chicago, March
19.
Act approved providing for the World's
Columbian Exposition, at Chicago,
April 25.
Death of Gen. Fremont, at. New York
City, July 13.
First execution by electricity, at Auburn, N. Y., Wm. Kemmler, Aug. 6.
First legislature or Oklahoma meets,
Aug. 31.
Act forbidding the use of the malls tor
lottery purposes, ar,proved Sept. 19.
The McKinley tariff bill takes effect,
Oct. 6.
General election ; next House of Representatives Democratic, Nov. 4.
The 51st Congress convenes, Dec. L
Sitting Bull and seven other Indians
killed near Standing Rock Agency,
Dec. 15.
Battle of Wounded Knee, between the
7th Cavalry and hostlle Indians, Dec.
~~.

1891 Death of George Bancroft, historian, at
Washington, Jan. 17.
Death of Wm. Windom at a banquet In
New York, Jan. 29.
Jnternatlonal Monetary Congress met
at Washington, Jan. 7.
Application before the U. S. Supreme
Court for a prohibition to the U. S.
District <Jourt on Its decision in the
Behring Sea dltll.culty by Canadian
representatives, Jan. 12.
Sioux Indian war ended by submission
of the Hostiles, Jan. 15.
Reciprocity treaty with Brazil announced, Feb. 6.
Death of Admiral David D. Porter, at
Washington, Feb. 13.
Death or Gen. Wm. T. Sherman, at
Washington, Feb. 14.
Charles Foster, of Ohio, appointed Secretary of the Treasury, Feb. 21.
Copyright bill passed Congress, March.S.
Act creating Circuit Court of Appeals,
passed March 3.
Fren ch Spoilation Bill passed, March 3.
The Copyright blll becomes a Jaw, March
4.

The Enlistment of Indians In the U. S.
army authorized March 6.
Proposed arbitration of Behring Sea dispute. March 11.
Lynching or 11 Italians at New Orleans,
March 14.
.
N!cara.g ua Canal Party salls, March 14.
American Society of Authors formed tor
the protection or writers, March 30.
Recall of the Italian Minister, Baroll'
Fava, March 31.
25th anniversary of the founding of the
Grand Army of the Republic, April G.
Ground broken for the Grant Monument, New York City, April 27.
Copyright, !905, by Geo. A .

O~Jle

& Co.

1892 Death of J . G. Whittier, poet, Sept. 7.
Nancy Hanks again breaks the trotting
record, 2.04, Sept. 28.
Formal opening of the Chicago University, Oct. 1.
Dedication of the World's Fair buildIngs, at Chicago, Oct. 21.
Flro at Milwaukee destroys 315 buildIngs, with $5,000,000 loss.
Anarchist monument dedicated at Waldh eim Cemetery, near Chicago, Nov. 6.
Great strike at Homestead, Pa., declared ott, Nov. 19. .
Stamboul lowers ·stalllon record at
Stockton, Cal., 2:07'h, Nov. 23.
Death of Jay Gould, capitalist, Dec. 2.
Dr. McGlynn restored as a priest, Dec.
23.
Immense gold fields discovered in Utah,
Dec. 27.
Prof. Briggs acquitted or heresy, Dec.
29.
Great floods in California, Dec. 29. ·
George W. Vanderbilt gives a costly :.rt
gallery to the Fine Arts Society at
New York, Dec. 30.
1893 Death or General Benjamin F. Butler,
Jan. 11.
Senate passes the Seal Protection Bill,
Jan. 13.
Death of ex-President R . B. Hayes, Jan.
17.
Hawaiian Provisional Government proclaimed, supported by U. S. authorities, Jan. 17.
Death ·of James G. Blaine, statesman,
Jan. 27.
Russian Extradition Treat y confirm·~d.
F eb. 8.
Conftlct of rival Legislatures in Kansas,
Feb. 21-26.
Rank of American Ambassador established, March 1.
Inauguration of President Cleveland,
'March 4.
Behring Sea arbitration opened at Paris,
France, April 10.
President Cleveland opens World's Fair
at Chicago, May 1.
Chinese Exclusion Act goes Into effect, May 1.
Governor Altgeld pardons Chicago anarchists, June 28.
E xtra session of Congress called June

1891 Chinese Government re!uses to receive
the American Minister, H. w. Blair,
April 28.
Fort Berthold Reservati->n, N. D., opened
for settlement, May 2~.
"The People's Party" tormed at Cincinnati, May 20.
Statue ot Abraham Lincoln unveiled at
Lincoln Park, Chicago, May 23.
Bronze statue or General Grant, a t Galena, Ill., unveiled, June 3.
The Czar of Russia presents Stanford
University with a complete collection
ot Russian and Siberian minerals,
June 12.
Surrender of the Chlilan ship, Itata, at
Iqulque, to the U. $. , June 4.
First shipment of block tin from California mines, June 15.
International Postal Congress held at
VIenna decides to hold next Congress
at Washington, June 26.
C~~:e~3:al treaty "'lth Spain signed,
Transfet· or the Weather Bureau to the
Agricultural Department, J'une 30.'
$500.00 accepted from the Itata for violation or the U. S. Navigation laws, July.
Libel tiled against the arms and ammunition on the ltata, at San Diego, July 12.
Statue or Stonewall Jackson unveiled at
Lexington, Va., July 21.
Smokeless powder used for the first time
by the U. S. Government, July 26.
The "Majestic" breaks the ocean record, time being 5d. 18h. Sm., Aug. 5.
Cherokee strip in Indian Territory closed
to Whites, Aug. 13.
Rain-making experiment at Midland,
Texas, Aug. 19.
The "Teutonic" breaks the trans-Atlantic r ecord of the "Majestic," time 5d.
16h. ~lm. . Aug. 19.
Indian lands or Oklahoma opened , Sept.
22.
Dedication of Pope Leo XIII. statue, presented to th~ Catholic University at
Washington. Sept. 28.
Leland Stanford, Jr., UnlvtlriJty at Palo
Alto, Cal., opened, Oct. 1.
Equestrian statue of General Grant at
Lincoln Par"· Chicago, unveiled, Oct.
7.

Commercial treaty with Germany concluded, Oct. 11.
Shoshone and Arapahoe Indians ·sell cne
million acres of land to the Gov~rn­
. ment at 55 cents an acre, Oct. 16.
U. S. Government demands reparation
trom Chill for assault on the crew of
the Baltimore, Oct. 26.
Argument In the Sayward case, to test
u. S. jurisdiction over Behring Sea,
begun in the U. S. Supreme Court,
Nov. 9.
Congress met; Mr. Crisp, of Georgia,
chosen Speaker, Dec. 7.
1892 Stevens County, Kan., war again breaks
out, Jan. 5.
Inter-StatE> Commerce Commission appointed by the President, Jan. 6.
Terrible mine explosion at McAlester,
Ind. Ter., nearly 100 lives lost, Jan. 7.
Secretary Blaine notifies foreign countries of retaliatory measures, as t equlred by the Tariff Law, Jan. 8.
Special message to Congress from the
President, recommending llnancial aid
to the World's Columbian Exhibition,
Feb. 24. .
,
The President submits correspondence
with England to Congress, regarding
Behrhtg Sea controversy, March 9.
Ex-Congressman W. R. Morrison selected
as Pres men t or the Inter-State Commeree Commission. vice Judge Cooley,
resigned, Marcb 21. •
Free Silver coinage debate In Congress,
March 22-24.
French Extradition Treaty signed,
March 25.
The Sliver bill shelved, March 28.
The Free Wool bill passed, April 7.
Diplomatic Intercourse wttb Italy re·
newed, April 14.
Sisseton Reservation, S. D., opened,
Aprlll6.
'
Revenue steamers ordered to Behring
Sea, April 16.
Copyright agreement with Germany
signed, April 16.
The President approves Behring Sea
modus vivendi , April 18.
U. s. Commercial Treaty between
Switzerland and Italy. signed April 19.
'l'he President invites ' roreign nat!ons
to participate in an International Sll·
ver CoRference, April 21.
Thd President Jays Grant monument
corner stone, New York City, April 27.
Chinese Exclusion bill s igned, May 5.
'l'orrlhle floods In the Mississippi Val·~~, May 8-15.
Wyoming appoints women to National
Republican Convention. May 7.
Th~ Alliance par~y proposes a new currency, May 8.
The Pope aJ?provcs Archbishop Ireland's
lllducationa.l Polley, May 10. ·
• Association ol American authors formed,
May 17.
·
Reciprocity with Guatemala goes into
eltect, May 30.
James G. Blaine resigns as Secretary
of State, June 4.
Republican National Convention held,
June 7.
Benjamin Harrison and Whitelaw Reid
nominated, June 10.
Democratic National Convention held,
June 21.
Grover Cleveland and Adlai Stevenson
nominated, June 23.
Peary Arctic r elief expedition salls,
June 27.
Homestead, Pa., Steel Works closed,

Plouh~glt~~nlsts

so.

Great lire at World's Fair, 24 lives tost,
July 10.
Behring Sea arbitrators award In favor
of England, Aug. 15.
Great storm on South Atlantic coast,
Aug. 28.
Wabash railroad accident at Kingsbury,
14 killed, 45' wounded, Sept. 22.
Chicago Day a t the World's Fair, att endance 716,881, Oct. 9. ·
World's !•'air closed at Chicago, Oct. 30.
Repeal of the Silver Purchase Clause
.Act or 1890, Nov. 1.
1894 New York Court of Appeals decides that
foreign corporations may hold real
estate in New York State, Jan. 16.
Wilson 'farilt Bill and Income Tax
passes the House, Jan. 31.
u. :>. Warship Kearsarge, famous as the
destroyer of the Confederate Alabama, wrecked on Roncador Reef, Feb.
D;ath or George w. Childs, philanthropis t and journalist, at Philadelphia,
Feb. 3.
•
Greater New York bill signed by the
Governor, Feb. 28.
President Cleveland vetoes the Bland
Silver bill, March 30.
Behring Sea proclamation Issued, April

U~~onstitutionality of the South Carolina Dispensary law declared, April 19.
136,000 coal miners ordered to strike In
Ohio, April '20.
rt.•
Coxey's a~my Invaded Washington,
C., April 29.
Dr. Talmage's Tabernacle In Brooklyn
destr oyed by tire, May 13.
177 buildings burned by tire at Boston,
A:!!tci~

Railway Union boycotts Pullman Car Company. Affected 50,000
miles of railroad, June 25.
Armor-plate frauds detected, June 29.
u. s. Court enjoins strikers from Interfering with railroad trains, July 2.
Railroad mobs destroy property In and
near Chicago, July 6-10.
Railroad strike declared off, July 13.
Utah Enabling Act signed, July 17.
American marines landed at Seoul,
Corea, July 27.
Work resumed at Pullman, Ill., Aug. 2.
Hawaiian Republic omctally recognized, _

I

189i

1896

nominate J ohn Bidwell

tor }?resident, July 1.

People's Party nominate James B. Weaver tor President, July 4. ·
Slaughtor of Pinkerton men at Homestead, . July 6.
National Christian lllndeaTor Society
Convention at New York, July 7.
Pennsylvania troops take possession or
Homestead, Pa. , July 10.
Bill to close the World's Fair on Sunday passes both Houses, July 14.
Great storms In Minnesota, July 30. .
The President proclaims Oct. 12 a National holiday, July 21.
H. C. Frick, chairman Carnegie Steel
Co., shot by Berkman, July 23.
George Shlras confirmed by the Senate
as Associate Justice U. S. Supreme
Court, July 26.
Inman Steamer City of Paris breaks the
Ocean R ecord, 5d. 15h. 58m., July 27.
Central Labor Union rejects anarchistic
resolutions, July 30.
Congress appropriates $2,600,000 to the
World's Fair. Aug. 5.
Chinese sailors forbidden employment
on American ships, Aug. 5.
Internationa l Monetary repre~entstives
appointed by the President, Aug. 7.
Trouble am ong East Tennessee mlr .ers,

R~~!c>a~· s trike

or switchmen at Bufgreat destruction of vroo~rty,

falo,
Aug. 14.
The President proclaims retaliation
against Canada on canals, Aug. 20.
Nancy Hanks again breaks the trotting
· record, 2.05',(., Aug. 31.
Death of George William Curtis, author
and journalist, Aug. 31.
Cholera brought to New York CitY bY
Hamburg steamer Monrovia, Aug.31.
Nelson beats the stallion record , 2.13*,
Aug. 31.
,.
,.

1900

1901

1801
1908

1904

1905

1907
1908

G/~f'ct~~tes close at Fall River, 20,000
ruen Idle, Aug. 13.
United States recognizes the sovereignty of Nicaragua over the Mosquito
Coast, Aug. 2G.
'
New 'l'ariff becomes a. law, without the
President's signature, Aug. 27.
E arthquake with great Joss of life at
Uvalde, Texas, Aug. Sl.
ReciprocitY Treaty with Cuba cancelled
by Spain, Sept. 3.
President Cleveland's Hawaiian letter
first published, Sept. 6.
A.mnesty granted polygamists In Utah,
Sept. 27.
Death of Prof. David Swing at Chicago,
Oct. 3.
Death of O}lver Wendell Holmes, Oct. 7.
Government offers to arbitrate In the
Japan-China war, Nov. 6.
Famous Mora case settled with Spain.
Cotton States Exposition at Atlanta, Ga.,
opened.
Utah, 45th Sta~e 1 admitted, Jan. 6.
WUUam llcKID.Iey elected l'realden' of
the U.S., Nov. 8.
U. s . Senate passed reeolutioll for recognition of belllgereuey ofOub.,lla;r 20.
Grea.t Gold Dlscoverte. ot Blond7Jr.e,
July lli.
U. S. Battleship Maine destroyed b;y ez•
ploelon In Ba.vana. harlKr, Feb. 1&.
Independence of Ouba recognized b;y reo ·
eolutlon of Congress, AprU Ill; and Preeldent's proclamation cautng for 1211,000
Yolnnteera, Apr1123.
Commodore Dewey d88Uo)'ed Spanish
fteet In ManUa Ba.y, Ha;,t.
SQuadron under Schley and Sampson
Clestroyed Spanish fteet under CerTera
off Santla.go de Ouba, July 1.
Peace protocol elgned, and Presldeo''•
procla.ma.tlon Issued euapendlni'hostUl•
ties, Aug. 12.
Beginning of wa~• for suppreeslon ot
Aguinaldo and his followere; FU!plno
Insurgents Inaugurated general engg..
ment, Feb. 4.
.,.
Peace Treaty with Spain ratlAe4 bJ &II&
V.B. Benate. B'eb. 6.
City of Galveston, Tex., destroyed b7 hurricane, Sept. 8; 6000 llvee lost.
Twelttll Census of U.S. gives population
76,296,200.
President Wm. McKinley Inaugurated for
-oud term, March; assaasinated, Sept.
I; died, Sept. 14.
Great a.nthraelte coal-miner atll!ke lleg&a,
May.
Iroquois Theatre, Chicago, burned Deo.
so, 600 lives lost.
Theodore Roosevelt eleoted President,
Nov. 6.
Wireless message se"Qt trom Kansas City
to Olevelo.nd, a dftlta.nce or 726 mUee,
Jan. 16.
Great financial depression, Oct.
Boyertown, Pa. theatre burned. 17i UVEII
lost, ~anufi'.

I

I